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341.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):1346-1347
To cDNAs encoding class I chitinases of rice were expressed in Escherichia coli. The cDNAs were fused to the MS2-polymerase gene in an expression vector, pEx31. The fusion proteins, expressed under the control of the λPL-promoter, showed the chitinase activity independent of the existence of the hevein domain. The enzymatic hydrolysis of colloidal chitin by the fusion proteins showed that the proteins were endo-type enzymes. 相似文献
342.
【摘 要】 目的 评价庆大霉素、妥布霉素及阿米卡星三种氨基糖苷类抗生素(AGs)对大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的体外抗菌活性。方法 对902株大肠埃希菌和404株肺炎克雷伯菌,采用VITEK-2全自动微生物分析仪配套的AST-GN13药敏卡进行庆大霉素、妥布霉素及阿米卡星的体外药敏试验。结果 大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株检出率分别为40.8%和36.6%;产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌对庆大霉素、妥布霉素及阿米卡星的敏感率分别为42.4%、39.1%和96.5%,与非产ESBLs菌株比较,敏感率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素、妥布霉素及阿米卡星的敏感率分别为64.2%、62.8%和91.9%,与非产ESBLs菌株比较,敏感率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);阿米卡星对产与非产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均高度敏感,敏感率均在91%以上。结论 本地区大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs菌株流行严重,ESBLs的产生可使大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对AGs的耐药情况加重,提示ESBLs和AGs引起的耐药可能存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
343.
目的调查温州医科大学附属第一医院ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌基因的分布以及与耐药谱的关系,并初步探讨其在分子流行病学中的作用。方法收集2012年1-9月ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌76株进行qnr基因检测,并通过DNA直接测序确定;分析qnr基因在ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌的分布及其与耐药性的关系。结果根据PCR产物片段大小及测序分析,76株大肠埃希菌中共有qm基因阳性菌株46株,阳性率为60. 5% ;对阳性菌株进行DNA测序、BLAST比对,其中25株为qnrB基因,17株为qnrS基因阳性,12株基因阳性,未检测到qwC和qnrD基因。在46株qnr基因阳性菌株中有38株为产ESBL菌株,而在qnr阴性菌株中仅有5株ESBL阳性。结论该院ICU分离大肠埃希菌qnr基因携带严重,呈现出多重耐药性,多伴随呈现为产ESBL菌株。 相似文献
344.
Improved heterologous production of the nonribosomal peptide‐polyketide siderophore yersiniabactin through metabolic engineering and induction optimization 下载免费PDF全文
Biosynthesis of complex natural products like polyketides and nonribosomal peptides using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host provides an opportunity to access these molecules. The value in doing so stems from the fact that many compounds hold some therapeutic or other beneficial property and their original production hosts are intractable for a variety of reasons. In this work, metabolic engineering and induction variable optimization were used to increase production of the polyketide‐nonribosomal peptide compound yersiniabactin, a siderophore that has been utilized to selectively remove metals from various solid and aqueous samples. Specifically, several precursor substrate support pathways were altered through gene expression and exogenous supplementation in order to boost production of the final compound. The gene expression induction process was also analyzed to identify the temperatures and inducer concentrations resulting in highest final production levels. When combined, yersiniabactin production was extended to ~175 mg L?1. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1412–1417, 2016 相似文献
345.
Detecting cell lysis using viscosity monitoring in E. coli fermentation to prevent product loss 下载免费PDF全文
Joseph M. Newton Desmond Schofield Joanna Vlahopoulou Yuhong Zhou 《Biotechnology progress》2016,32(4):1069-1076
Monitoring the physical or chemical properties of cell broths to infer cell status is often challenging due to the complex nature of the broth. Key factors indicative of cell status include cell density, cell viability, product leakage, and DNA release to the fermentation broth. The rapid and accurate prediction of cell status for hosts with intracellular protein products can minimise product loss due to leakage at the onset of cell lysis in fermentation. This article reports the rheological examination of an industrially relevant E. coli fermentation producing antibody fragments (Fab'). Viscosity monitoring showed an increase in viscosity during the exponential phase in relation to the cell density increase, a relatively flat profile in the stationary phase, followed by a rapid increase which correlated well with product loss, DNA release and loss of cell viability. This phenomenon was observed over several fermentations that a 25% increase in broth viscosity (using induction‐point viscosity as a reference) indicated 10% product loss. Our results suggest that viscosity can accurately detect cell lysis and product leakage in postinduction cell cultures, and can identify cell lysis earlier than several other common fermentation monitoring techniques. This work demonstrates the utility of rapidly monitoring the physical properties of fermentation broths, and that viscosity monitoring has the potential to be a tool for process development to determine the optimal harvest time and minimise product loss. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology Progress published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 32:1069–1076, 2016 相似文献
346.
347.
Antibiotic resistance has wide-ranging effects on bacterial phenotypes and evolution. However, the influence of antibiotic resistance on bacterial responses to parasitic viruses remains unclear, despite the ubiquity of such viruses in nature and current interest in therapeutic applications. We experimentally investigated this by exposing various Escherichia coli genotypes, including eight antibiotic-resistant genotypes and a mutator, to different viruses (lytic bacteriophages). Across 960 populations, we measured changes in population density and sensitivity to viruses, and tested whether variation among bacterial genotypes was explained by their relative growth in the absence of parasites, or mutation rate towards phage resistance measured by fluctuation tests for each phage. We found that antibiotic resistance had relatively weak effects on adaptation to phages, although some antibiotic-resistance alleles impeded the evolution of resistance to phages via growth costs. By contrast, a mutator allele, often found in antibiotic-resistant lineages in pathogenic populations, had a relatively large positive effect on phage-resistance evolution and population density under parasitism. This suggests costs of antibiotic resistance may modify the outcome of phage therapy against pathogenic populations previously exposed to antibiotics, but the effects of any co-occurring mutator alleles are likely to be stronger. 相似文献
348.
Sara Silva Eduardo M. Costa Bruno Horta Conceição Calhau Rui M. Morais 《Biofouling》2016,32(8):853-860
Phenolic acids are a particular group of small phenolic compounds which have exhibited some anti-biofilm activity, although the link between their activity and their intrinsic pH is not clear. Therefore, the present work examined the anti-biofilm activity (inhibition of biomass and metabolic activity) of phenolic acids in relation to the environmental pH, as well as other physico-chemical properties. The results indicate that, while Escherichia coli was not inhibited by the phenolic acids, both methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were susceptible to the action of all phenolic acids, with the pH playing a relevant role in the activity: a neutral pH favored MRSE inhibition, while acidic conditions favored MRSA inhibition. Some links between molecular polarity and size were associated only with their potential as metabolic inhibitors, with the overall interactions hinting at a membrane-based mechanism for MRSA and a cytoplasmic effect for MRSE. 相似文献
349.
志贺菌基因组进化研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
志贺菌属(Shigella)是引起全球范围内细菌性痢疾的重要病原菌.近年来,多重耐药型和新血清型志贺菌的不断出现给志贺菌的监测和防控带来了新的挑战.基因组学的快速发展为深入了解志贺菌的进化来源、变异机制及传播规律等提供了极大的帮助,对控制细菌性痢疾的蔓延具有重要的科学意义.本文首先从遗传来源角度探讨志贺菌与大肠杆菌的进化关系及其可能的分子机制,随后对福氏、宋内和1型痢疾志贺菌的基因组进化进展进行了总结,详细描述了它们的时空分布特点以及耐药基因变异在进化中所发挥的作用,以期为志贺菌的研究和防控提供参考. 相似文献
350.
Converting renewable feedstocks to aromatic compounds using engineered microbes offers a robust approach for sustainable, environment‐friendly, and cost‐effective production of these value‐added products without the reliance on petroleum. In this study, rationally designed E. coli–E. coli co‐culture systems were established for converting glycerol to 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid (3HB). Specifically, the 3HB pathway was modularized and accommodated by two metabolically engineered E. coli strains. The co‐culture biosynthesis was optimized by using different cultivation temperatures, varying the inoculum ratio between the co‐culture strains, recruitment of a key pathway intermediate transporter, strengthening the critical pathway enzyme expression, and adjusting the timing for inducing pathway gene expression. Compared with the E. coli mono‐culture, the optimized co‐culture showed 5.3‐fold improvement for 3HB biosynthesis. This study demonstrated the applicability of modular co‐culture engineering for addressing the challenges of aromatic compound biosynthesis. 相似文献