中药活性成分改善缺血缺氧所致脑微血管内皮 屏障功能损伤的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中发生时,基质金属蛋白酶等效应分子以及炎症反应、氧化应激等会破坏血脑屏障,增加缺血区有害产物进入脑组织, 产生脑水肿,引起继发性脑损伤。所以,保护与维持脑微血管内皮屏障功能的完整性,是脑卒中防治的重要策略之一。从调节效应分子 和相关信号通路的角度出发,综述中药活性成分对模拟缺血性脑卒中的体内外脑微血管内皮屏障功能损伤模型的改善作用研究进展,以 期为进一步阐释中药活性成分防治缺血性脑卒中的作用机制以及新药创制提供参考和依据。     

中药有效成分调控NLRP3 炎症小体活化的研究进展

炎症小体是细胞内组装形成的大分子蛋白复合体,可将白介素-1β(IL-1β) 和IL-18 加工成熟,并诱导细胞焦亡性死亡,在协调对抗病原体感染和生理紊乱的过程中发挥重要作用。Nod 样受体蛋白3(Nod-like receptor protein 3, NLRP3) 炎症小体是迄今为止结构和功能研究得最为明确的炎症小体,其活化后参与免疫性疾病、心血管疾病、神经系统疾病等多种疾病发生及发展过程。研究显示,许多中药有效成分可以调节相关疾病靶细胞中NLRP3 炎症小体的活化。从中药有效成分调节相关疾病靶细胞（如神经细胞、肝肾细胞、内皮细胞、肿瘤细胞等）中NLRP3 炎症小体活化的机制出发,综述近4 年国内外对中药有效成分调节NLRP3 炎症小体活化的研究进展,以期阐释相关中药有效成分的作用特点,并为相关疾病的防治提供一定参考。     

濒危植物香果树幼苗空间格局及数量动态研究

采用相邻格子样方法采集数据,应用理论分布模型、分布系数法、Morisita格局指数法、聚集强度指数以及Greig-Smith区组均方方法研究了香果树幼苗种群空间格局,结果表明:(1)濒危植物香果树幼苗呈聚集分布,聚集强度受区组尺度的影响较大,随尺度的增加而减小;不同幼苗种群格局强度随着纬度增加,也呈现下降的趋势。(2)Greig-Smith区组均方法研究显示,香果树种群在8~16m2和50~64m2处聚集;香果树幼苗大小结构呈现出高度在0~40cm范围内幼苗较多现象,但经过强烈的环境筛选,大部分生长未达到120cm而死亡。(3)主成分分析表明,香果树幼苗受乔木盖度、灌木盖度、光照强度以及大气的温湿度影响较大。因此,建议加强香果树原生生境的保护,严禁对香果树幼苗进行滥砍、滥伐、放牧等破坏;通过降低乔木层和灌木层盖度,清理林下枯落物、苔藓等,增加林下光照强度,建立小面积林窗,促进香果树幼苗发育。     

Response of pine natural regeneration to small‐scale spatial variation in a managed Mediterranean mountain forest

Questions: What influence do management practices and previous tree and shrub stand structure have on the occurrence and development of natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in Mediterranean mountain forests? How are the fine‐scale and environmental patterns of resources affected and what impact does this have on the distribution of the regeneration? Location: A Pinus sylvestris Mediterranean mountain forest in central Spain. Methods: Upperstory trees and regeneration (seedlings and saplings) were mapped in four 0.5‐ha plots located in two types of stand with different management intensities (even‐aged and uneven‐aged stands). Environmental variables were recorded at the nodes of a grid within the plots. The relationships between the upperstory and regeneration were evaluated by bivariate point pattern analysis; redundancy analysis ordination and variation partitioning were performed to characterize regeneration niches and the importance of the spatial component. Results: Seedlings and saplings presented a clumped structure under both types of management and their distribution was found to be related to the spatial distribution of favourable microsites. Regeneration was positively related to conditions of partial cover with high soil water content during the summer. More than half of the explained variance was spatially structured in both types of stand. This percentage was particularly high in the even‐aged stands where the pattern of regeneration was highly influenced by the gaps created by harvesting. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of the tree and shrub upperstory strongly influences regeneration patterns of P. sylvestris. Current management practices, promoting small gaps, partial canopy cover and moderate shade in even‐aged stands, or favouring tree and shrub cover in the case of uneven‐aged stands, appears to provide suitable conditions for the natural regeneration of P. sylvestris in a Mediterranean climate.     

The PsbS protein controls the macro-organisation of photosystem II complexes in the grana membranes of higher plant chloroplasts

The PsbS protein is a critical component in the regulation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in higher plant photosynthesis. Electron microscopy and image analysis of grana membrane fragments from wild type and mutant Arabidopsis plants showed that the semi-crystalline domains of photosystem II supercomplexes were identical in the presence and absence of PsbS. However, the frequency of the domains containing crystalline arrays was increased in the absence of PsbS. Conversely, there was a complete absence of such arrays in the membranes of plants containing elevated amounts of this protein. It is proposed that PsbS controls the macro-organisation of the grana membrane, providing an explanation of its role in NPQ.     

Effects of grazing disturbance on plant diversity,community structure and direction of succession in an alpine meadow on Tibet Plateau,China

To elucidate the effects of grazing intensity and grazing time on plant diversity and community structure, as well as the successional differentiation in an alpine meadow, a controlled grazing trial, with six grazing intensities on an alpine meadow was conducted in the eastern Qilian Mountain region for four years. Using species accumulation curves, RDA ordination and variance decomposition, we analyzed the changes in proportion of dominant species, richness, abundance, as well as the life forms of plant communities under grazing disturbance. Both the grazing intensity and grazing time had a significant effect on these dominant species, richness, abundance, as well as the life forms in the plant community (P < 0.01). More detailed results showed that: (1) The richness and abundance of plant species were highest in the light grazing plot, and these increased as time passed. In the heavy grazing plot, the abundance of plant species decreased as time passed, but the richness of these species did not change significantly. (2) The abundance of Gramineae and Umbelliferae were negatively and significantly correlated with the duration of grazing treatments, whereas Plantaginaceae and Geraniaceae were positively and significantly correlated with the grazing intensity. Over time, the abundance of bunch-type plants decreased and other life forms of plants have increased. With the increase in grazing intensity, the plants' abundance with the rosette type did not change, but other life forms of plants decreased. The results of variance decomposition indicated that grazing disturbance has had greater effects on life forms and plant populations, followed by the changes in the dominant species and their abundance, with lesser effects on the richness of the species. Grazing intensity had a greater effect than the duration of the grazing treatment had. The results of PCA showed that the climax community in both the lowest and the highest grazing intensity plots had changed over time. In the sample plots with light grazing intensity, the plant community changed to an Elymus nutans + Poa crymophila community, but later changed to a Melilotoides ruthenicus + Kobresia humilis community under heavy grazing.     

喀斯特断陷盆地景观生态风险演变及其地形分异

景观生态风险评价是构建区域生态安全格局的关键途径。以喀斯特断陷盆地为研究对象,从自然、社会、景观格局三个维度选取11个评价因子构建景观生态风险评价指标体系,通过空间主成分分析的方法评价研究区2000—2020年的景观生态风险时空演变格局,并基于地形位指数系统揭示喀斯特断陷盆地景观生态风险与地形的关系。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年,喀斯特断陷盆地的景观生态风险水平整体呈下降趋势,生态环境整体好转。(2)景观生态风险的变化呈现出较强的时空异质性,南部更甚。2000和2005年,研究区高、较高景观生态风险区主要分布于研究区北部和南部部分地区;2010年及其以后,高风险区面积显著减少,低风险区面积显著增加,但南部个别区县的风险水平未明显改善。(3)20年间,除建设用地外,不同土地利用类型的生态风险水平均显著降低。到2020年,耕地、林地、草地均主要分布在风险水平较低的区域,而建设用地在高风险区的面积仍高达43.43%。(4)景观生态风险在不同地形位梯度的变化随时间推移有显著差异。研究初期,各风险区对地形的选择性较强,低、较低风险区在中、低地形位区间的分布优势较强,高风险区倾向分布在高地...     

紫背菜的食用价值及其开发利用前景

紫背菜的生物学与生态学特性、病虫害防治、营养成分、药用价值及其综合开发利用方面的研究表明:紫背菜及其色素提取物等营养成分在治疗糖尿病等人类疾病及食品加工等领域的综合开发利用前景广阔。     

花椰菜自交系主要形态性状的主成分分析和聚类分析

通过对54个花椰菜自交系材料进行主成分分析和聚类分析研究,以期为花椰菜育种中亲本选配提供帮助。结果表明:在主成分分析中,选取方差累积贡献率为70.024%的前6个主成分来评价花椰菜自交系资源;现球期、采收期、叶长、叶宽、株高、花球纵径、花球横径、球重、球形、球紧实度、叶色、蜡粉、内叶数、始花期和株幅是花椰菜亲本选择的主要形态指标。进一步通过系统聚类,将54个花椰菜自交系分为3类:第Ⅰ类表现为早熟、株幅小、叶片狭窄、蜡粉较少、球重和紧实度中等;第Ⅱ类表现为中熟、株幅中等、叶片灰绿、蜡粉较厚和花球半圆紧实且重;第Ⅲ类表现为晚熟、株幅大、株形高、叶片宽阔、蜡粉中等和花球扁圆。3个类群自交系性状之间的差异较为明显,有利于杂交育种亲本材料的选择。