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91.
We address the impact of the ice age cycles on intraspecific cpDNA diversity, for the first time on the full circumboreal-circumarctic scale. The bird-dispersed bog bilberry (or arctic blueberry, Vaccinium uliginosum) is a key component of northern ecosystems and is here used to assess diversity in previously glaciated vs. unglaciated areas and the importance of Beringia as a refugium and source for interglacial expansion. Eighteen chloroplast DNA haplotypes were observed in and among 122 populations, grouping into three main lineages which probably diverged before, and thus were affected more or less independently by, all major glaciations. The boreal 'Amphi-Atlantic lineage' included one haplotype occurring throughout northern Europe and one occurring in eastern North America, suggesting expansion from at least two bottlenecked, glacial refugium populations. The boreal 'Beringian lineage' included seven haplotypes restricted to Beringia and the Pacific coast of USA. The 'Arctic-Alpine lineage' included nine haplotypes, one of them fully circumpolar. This lineage was unexpectedly diverse, also in previously glaciated areas, suggesting that it thrived on the vast tundras during the ice ages and recolonized deglaciated terrain over long distances. Its largest area of persistence during glaciations was probably situated in the north, stretching from Beringia and far into Eurasia, and it probably also survived the last glaciation in southern mountain ranges. Although Beringia apparently was important for the initial divergence and expansion of V. uliginosum as well as for continuous survival of both the Beringian and Arctic-Alpine lineages during all ice ages, this region played a minor role as a source for later interglacial expansions. 相似文献
92.
Erja Taulavuori Kari Taulavuori Kari Laine Tuulikki Pakonen Esko Saari 《Physiologia plantarum》1997,101(1):192-198
Bilberry plants (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) at a field site in northern Finland (65°N) were subjected to nitrogen fertilization [6.5 mmol m?2 NH4NO3× Ca(OH)2] at the beginning of 3 growing seasons in late May and to trace gas fumigation (CO2 and O3) for 5 months (May–September) in 1993–1995 in order to investigate frost resistance and glutathione concentrations during the winter hardening period, and to assess the correlation between these variables. Harvesting was performed twice in the autumn of both 1994 and 1995, and the two-year data for each harvest were pooled. The frost resistance of the bilberry stems increased by about 10°C during the hardening period between the two harvests. Nitrogen fertilization increased the frost resistance towards late autumn. The fumigation treatments had no marked effect on it. The combination of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization induced a decrease in frost resistance. Increases in total glutathione concentrations and the proportion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the stems were evident during hardening. Nitrogen fertilization positively affected the total glutathione concentration and the proportion of GSH at the beginning of the hardening period but the effect disappeared during the hardening process. Trace gas fumigation as such had no marked effect on glutathione concentration. Increases in glutathione concentrations during hardening did not correlate with frost resistance, possibly due to different timing of the appearence of the response to fertilization treatment, i.e., glutathione responded in the beginning of hardening while frost resistance at the end. The lack of correlation with frost resistance, and especially the different responses to nitrogen fertilization, may reflect the indirect role of glutathione in the development of winter hardening, as a transport and storage form of reduced nitrogen and sulphur. In conclusion, winter hardening and glutathione status in the bilberry seems to be sensitive to nitrogen fertilization, and not affected by elevated CO2 and O3. 相似文献
93.
乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.)的民族植物学 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
论述中国古人本草关于乌饭树(Vaccinium bracteatum THunb.)的名称与药效的记载以及现代对乌饭树及同属植物的研究和利用,认为乌饭树自古以来便是黑色保健食品的原料和滋补强壮药,从其枝叶中提天然黑色素用于保健事业值得进一步开发和利用。 相似文献
94.
Sheila M. Fitzpatrick 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2006,120(3):245-250
This study examines the effects of delayed mating on two successive generations of blackheaded fireworm, Rhopobota naevana Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a pest of cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Ericaceae). The first (spring) generation produces eggs that hatch soon after oviposition, whereas the second (summer) generation produces mostly diapause eggs. Unmated female and male moths were placed together on the first, second, fourth, sixth, or eighth day after emergence. In the first generation, incidence of mating was greatest in the 1-, 2-, and 4-day treatments then declined as female survival decreased. In the second generation, incidence of mating was lowest in the 1-day treatment and greatest in the 2-, 4-, and 6-day treatments. Most second generation females in the 6- and 8-day treatments survived to mate. The mean oviposition period was 2.6 days for first generation females and 4.1 days for second generation females. Fecundity of singly mated females in both generations declined as age at mating advanced, but the pattern of decline differed between generations. First generation females that were mated on the first or second day laid more eggs than those mated on the fourth, sixth, or eighth day, and the number of infertile eggs increased as age at mating advanced. Fecundity of second generation females declined more gradually and the number of infertile eggs was greatest for females mated on the first, sixth, or eighth day. A consequence of the marked decline in fecundity due to mating delays in the first generation was that mean fecundity of the entire group of first generation females was ca. 13% less than that of the group of second generation females. On cranberry farms, pheromone-mediated mating disruption can prevent or delay mating of blackheaded fireworm. If the frequency of disrupted (prevented and delayed) matings is similar in the two generations, fewer eggs will be laid in the first generation than in the second. 相似文献
95.
96.
Abstract The present paper details the results of a phytosociological study on Vaccinium myrtillus communities in the Monti Reatini (Central Apennines). A comparison is reported with Vaccinium communities from the rest of the Italian peninsula (already described), showing the coenological and syntaxonomical autonomy of the Monti Reatini types. The Authors include the Monti Reatini shrublands with V. myrtillus and Juniperus nana in the Pino-Juniperetea class and secondary vegetation forms dynamically linked to them in two new Poo violaceae-Nardetum subassociations: Poo violaceae-Nardetum brachypodietosum rupestris and Poo violaceae-Nardetum caricetosum kitaibelianae. 相似文献
97.
98.
99.
以笃斯越桔组培苗为试验材料,建立了EMS诱变体系,采用EMS诱变与NaHCO3共同胁迫处理的方法,筛选耐弱碱候选突变体,并进行了相关生理指标的鉴定,以明确其突变体株系的耐弱碱能力。结果显示:(1)0.4%EMS浸泡笃斯越桔茎段4h为较适宜的诱变剂量,存活率达46.7%;在含0.1%EMS的培养基中处理3d,存活率达50.0%;EMS浸泡处理后,NaHCO3适宜剂量为8mmol·L-1,经3次交替培养后,筛选出2株候选耐弱碱突变体。(2)相关生理指标鉴定表明,2株候选突变体的SOD和POD活性及游离脯氨酸含量显著高于对照,MDA含量显著低于对照。研究表明,该研究获得的笃斯越桔候选突变体具有一定的耐弱碱能力。 相似文献
100.
在不同pH值土壤中铵硝比对南方高丛蓝浆果生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以南方高丛蓝浆果(Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids)品种‘南月’(‘Southmoon’)优选系A47的1年生扦插苗为实验材料,采用盆栽实验方法,研究在pH 4.5和pH 6.0的土壤中按照摩尔比100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75和0∶100施用铵态氮与硝态氮,对扦插苗根、茎和叶干质量、茎基径和株高的影响。结果表明:在pH 4.5的土壤中,5个施肥处理组幼苗的根、茎和叶干质量均无显著差异(P>0.05);而多数处理组间幼苗的茎基径和株高也无显著差异。在pH 6.0的土壤中,铵硝摩尔比100∶0处理组幼苗的根、茎和叶干质量显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05),其余处理间均无显著差异;茎基径随铵态氮比例的提高而增大,其中铵硝摩尔比100∶0处理组幼苗的茎基径显著高于其他处理组;多数处理组间幼苗的株高无显著差异。与pH 4.5的土壤相比,在pH 6.0的土壤中各施肥处理组的根、茎和叶干质量均显著降低;除铵硝摩尔比100∶0处理组外,其他处理组的茎基径均显著降低;除铵硝摩尔比50∶50和0∶100处理组外,其他处理组的株高显著降低。综合分析结果表明:在pH 4.5的土壤中施用硝态氮和铵态氮对优选系A47生长的影响总体上无明显差异,但在pH 6.0的土壤中施用铵态氮肥较有利于植株生长;优选系A47适宜栽植于pH 4.5的酸性土壤中。 相似文献