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51.
为了提高樟叶越桔(Vacciniumdunalianum)悬浮培养细胞的生物量,以樟叶越桔叶片愈伤组织为试材,通过单因素试验探究不同蔗糖浓度、培养基pH值、培养基体积、初始接种量和摇床转速对悬浮培养细胞生长的影响,并根据响应面法Box-Behnken试验设计原理进行组合试验以优化培养条件。结果显示,以改良WPM培养基为基础培养基,樟叶越桔细胞悬浮培养的最优条件为40 g·L–1蔗糖、培养基pH5.2、培养基体积45 mL、初始接种量2.64 g和摇床转速为149 r·min–1,其细胞生物量干重为0.184 4 g,与理论预测值0.184 5 g较为接近,且细胞的生长曲线呈S型。研究结果为樟叶越桔悬浮培养细胞次生代谢产物的生产调控奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
52.
Native upland species, Nardus stricta , Eriophorum vaginatum , Erica cinerea and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were given 3 or 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1 , over 2 yr, applied as a mist (NH4 NO3 ). The high N treatment increased above-ground biomass in all four species, but only significantly in E. cinerea , E. vaginatum and N. stricta . Biomass increases in E. vaginatum and N. stricta resulted from enhanced tiller production rather than shoot elongation. Root growth increased in N. stricta , so that root:shoot ratio in this species was unchanged by N. Root growth in E. vaginatum , E. cinerea and V. vitis-idaea did not respond to N and their root:shoot ratios decreased. Tissue N concentrations increased in both shoots and roots of all species in response to N. The accumulated foliar N did not increase the proportion of N allocated to Rubisco and the photosynthetic capacities of N. stricta , E. vaginatum and V. vitis-idaea were unchanged. Thus growth responses to N were due to altered allocation rather than increased rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area. The high N treatment increased flower production significantly in E. cinerea but not in the other species. Although in this experiment dwarf shrubs were more responsive than graminoids to N, in the field at current N inputs the enhanced tillering of the graminoids may be more competitively advantageous, especially where gaps develop in the canopy. Thus increasing N deposition may lead to increased grassiness of upland heath, and in particular, a spread of N. stricta . 相似文献
53.
Pigment producing in vitro cells of Vaccinium pahalae (ohelo) were tested for their ability to survive cryopreservation and
retain pigment-production capacity after encapsulation-dehydration. Preculture of cells for 6 to 8 days in a medium containing
1.0 M sucrose was essential before dehydration. Reduction of bead water content before quenching in liquid nitrogen was highly
correlated (r = 0.94) with increased survival rate in cells after cryopreservation. Dehydration of beads for 4 h was satisfactory
for survival of cells. After quenching in liquid nitrogen, colored cells became pale, but pigment content was recovered once
cells resumed growth. After three subcultures, cells regained their maximum capacity for pigment accumulation. The percentage
of colored-to-total cell volume was not influenced by cryopreservation. Encapsulation-dehydration and cryopreservation did
not diminish the capacity of cells to produce anthocyanins and other flavonoids.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
54.
Jussi Kuusipalo 《Plant Ecology》1988,76(1-2):71-77
The present study is an application of categorical data analysis in ecological research. The approach is based on logistic regression following an exploratory graphical analysis. The material was collected in an extensive forest inventory in which a set of observations was made by eye in a stratified random sample of 262 mature upland forest stands in South Finland. The problem was to interpret the variation in the fertility of the tillers of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). In the field, the fertility was recorded as a three-class ordinal variable. The information available for the interpretation included the visually estimated density of the tree crowns, the soil fertility class determined using Cajander's forest site types and the percent cover of V. myrtillus.The GLM framework was employed in successive stages of the data analysis in order to find a model to fit the data. For this, the three-class ordinal response variable was reduced to two classes: stands characterized by (a) sterile and (b) fertile bilberry tillers. Successful prediction of the distribution of these two types of forest stands was achieved with a logistic-regression model by using canopy coverage and soil fertility classes as predictor variables. The generalized linear modelling framework is suitable for studying many ecological problems even when only rough categorical estimates of environmental scalars are available. 相似文献
55.
Leaves of micropropagated highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cv. ‘Bluetta’ have been observed during the acclimatization
phase. In vitro-developed leaf cells were circular and small, the spongy parenchyma was discontinuous and disorganized and
formed by 1–2 layers of cells with large intercellular spaces and the palisade to spongy mesophyll thickness ratio was 1:1.5.
After rooting ex vitro, the first leaves formed under natural conditions showed substantial changes in the anatomical characteristics.
After 6 months, the plants produced leaves similar to those in field-grown plants. The palisade cells were rectangular, the
spongy parenchyma was formed by 3–4 layers of cells and the intercellulars were around the stomata. Leaves from field-grown
plants lost 24 % of water during 150 min after excision while leaves from in vitro shoots lost about 50 % of water in the
same time. Leaves from in vitro shoots showed a higher number of smaller stomata (361 per mm2), with the guard cells forming a circular ring; the stomata frequency in field-grown leaves was 241 per mm2 and the guard-cells were elliptical. 相似文献
56.
Chill-responsive dehydrins in blueberry: Are they associated with cold hardiness or dormancy transitions? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
To survive winters, woody perennials of temperate zones must enter into endodormancy. Resumption of spring growth requires sufficient exposure to low temperature (chill units, CUs) in winter (chilling requirement), which also plays a role in the development of cold hardiness (cold acclimation). Physiological studies on dormancy breaking have focused on identifying markers, such as appearance or disappearance of proteins in response to varying degrees of chill unit accumulation. However, whether these changes are associated with dormancy transitions or cold acclimation is not clear. In the present study, greenhouse-grown blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus) plants were used to address this question. Three blueberry cultivars, Bluecrop, Tifblue, and Gulfcoast having chilling requirement of approximately 1 200, 900 and 600 CUs, respectively, were first exposed to 4°C for long enough to provide chill units equivalent to one-half of their respective chilling requirement. This treatment was expected to result in cold acclimation. A fraction of plants was then subjected to a 15/12°C (light/dark) regime for 2 weeks, a treatment expected to be “dormancy-neutral” but cause deacclimation. Before and after each treatment, cold hardiness and dormancy status of floral buds were determined; proteins were extracted from the buds collected on the same sampling date, and separated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Dehydrin-like proteins were identified by immunoblotting, using anti-dehydrin antiserum. Results indicate that the chilling treatment resulted in cold acclimation as indicated by increased bud hardiness in all three cultivars. Data also indicate a distinct accumulation of three dehydrin-like proteins of 65, 60, and 14 kDa during cold acclimation. The cold hardiness and levels of dehydrin proteins decreased during the exposure to 15/12°C for 2 weeks. Results also confirmed that this treatment had no negative effect on chill unit accumulation. Densitometric scans of protein gels indicated a close association between the abundance of dehydrins and degree of cold hardiness in these cultivars. In addition, levels of the dehydrin proteins and cold hardiness remained about the same between 100% and >100% satisfaction of chilling requirement. These results suggest that changes in dehydrin expression are more closely associated with cold hardiness than with dormancy transitions. 相似文献
57.
Although fruit set and development are induced by applications of gibberellins, final fruit weight of gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic fruit is often less than that of pollinated fruit. We examined changes in the activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes and sugar accumulation in developing fruits of cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and their correlation with fruit growth upon pollination or exogenous applications of gibberellic acid (GA3). The objective was to determine if differences in fruit growth could be attributed to differences in enzyme activities and subsequent sugar accumulation in fruits. The fruit development period of GA3-treated fruits was 15 days longer than that of pollinated fruits. At maturity, GA3-treated fruit accumulated an average of 180 mg dry weight while pollinated fruit accumulated 390 mg dry weight. Dry weight accumulation in nonpollinated fruits was negligible and these fruits abscised by 45 days after bloom (DAB). The total carbon (C) cost (dry weight C + respiratory C) for fruit development was 109 and 244 mg C fruit-1 for GA3-treated and pollinated fruits, respectively. Hexose concentration increased to 100 mg (g fresh weight)-1 at ripening in both GA3-treated and pollinated fruits. Nonpollinated fruits reached a maximum hexose concentration at 45 DAB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activities reached a maximum of ≤5.0 μmol (g fresh weight)-1 h-1 in both GA3-treated and pollinated fruits. Soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity increased to about 60 μmol (g fresh weight)-1 h-1 in both GA3-treated and pollinated fruits at ripening, while in nonpollinated fruits, a maximum soluble acid invertase activity of 0.12 μmol (g fresh weight)-1 h-1 was measured at 24 DAB. Insoluble acid invertase activity declined during the early stages of fruit growth and remained relatively low throughout fruit development. Neutral invertase activity was low throughout development, increasing to 5 μmol (g fresh weight)-1 h-1 at ripening in GA3-treated and pollinated fruits. Our studies demonstrate that blueberry fruit development does not appear to be limited by sucrose metabolizing enzyme activity and/or the ability to accumulate sugars in either GA3-treated or pollinated fruits. 相似文献
58.
Abstract: At 15 commercial highbush blueberry farms, fields where row middles were tilled had 72% lower larval density of Popillia japonica than fields with grass in row middles. Popillia japonica larval populations were similar in the perimeters of tilled and untilled fields. Soil parameters measured in these sites were not correlated with larval density of P. japonica. Samples of adult beetles on bushes showed that they were significantly less abundant in tilled fields compared with fields with grass in the row middles. The abundance of larvae inside fields during the spring was significantly correlated with early, but not late summer abundance of adult beetles on bushes. Comparisons of different tillage timings showed that grassy plots between rows of blueberry bushes that were tilled in spring and kept bare all year round had lower abundance of P. japonica larvae than those that retained perennial ryegrass. The effect of tillage timing on larval abundance was not consistent across 2 years, but most timings caused similar reduction in P. japonica larval density in the row middles. Tillage in the spring and in the autumn caused 50.5% and 68.8% reduction of larval density in each year respectively. These results indicate that tillage can reduce P. japonica larval and adult abundance in highbush blueberry fields. 相似文献
59.
Highbush blueberry plants ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Bluecrop) growing in containers were flooded in the laboratory for various durations to determine the effect of flooding on carbon assimilation, photosynthetic response to varying CO2 and O2 concentrations and apparent quantum yield as measured in an open flow gas analysis system. Hydraulic conductivity of the root was also measured using a pressure chamber. Root conductivity was lower and the effect of increasing CO2 levels on carbon assimilation less for flooded than unflooded plants after short-(i-2 days), intermediate-(10–14 days) and long-term (35–40 days) flooding. A reduction in O2 levels surrounding the leaves from 21 to 2% for unflooded plants increased carbon assimilation by 33% and carboxylation efficiency from 0.012 to 0.021 mol CO2 fixed (mol CO2 )−1 . Carboxylation efficiency of flooded plants, however, was unaffected by a decrease in percentage O2 , averaging 0.005 mol CO2 fixed (mol CO2 )−1 . Apparent quantum yield decreased from 2.2 × 10−1 mol of CO2 fixed (mol light)−1 for unflooded plants to 2.0 × 10−3 and 9.0 × 10−4 for intermediate- and long-term flooding durations, respectively. Shortterm flooding reduced carbon assimilation via a decrease in stomatal conductance, while longer flooding durations also decreased the carboxylation efficiency of the leaf. 相似文献
60.