Freeze-drying of live attenuated Vibrio anguillarum mutant for vaccine preparation

Vibrio anguillarum MVAV6203 is a mutant strain as a candidate of live attenuated vaccine. In vaccine preparation, the freeze-drying conditions of the strain were investigated to improve the survival after freeze-drying, including the protectant, rehydration medium, freezing temperature, and initial cell concentration. Vibrio anguillarum MVAV6203 is sensitive to freeze-drying and the viability was only 0.03% in the absence of protectant. Of the tested protectants, 5% trehalose with 15% skimmed milk gave the highest viability of 34.2%. Higher cell survival was obtained by quick freezing at -80 degrees C than slow freezing at -20 degrees C. Initial cell concentration was another important factor, preferable for 1-3 x 10(10)CFU/ml. The supplementation of 10% skimmed milk in rehydration medium improved obviously freeze-drying viability. The combination of the optimal conditions achieved 51.4% cell viability after freeze-drying.     

禽流感抗原表位在沙门氏菌菌毛的表达

目的:经抗原表位预测和同源性比较,禽流感M1蛋白位于58-66序列的九肽是A型流感病毒中保守并具有很强免疫原性的T细胞表位,鉴于鼠伤寒沙门氏菌LT2的SEF17菌毛基因agfA作为疫苗载体的优势,在其上构建引起机体细胞免疫的沙门氏茵口服活体重组疫苗,以求在人类对抗禽流感过程中发挥作用。方法:利用两步重叠延伸PCR和基因置换,将外源表位插入LT2茵毛,并利用抗生素抗性,温度敏感质粒,及茵毛的刚果红吸附能力筛选菌毛上插有外源抗原表位的重组菌,并通过测序进一步验证外源基因的插入。结果:两步重叠延伸PCR产物AB,CD,AD长度与理论大小530bp,423bp,932bp一致。两次转化PCR鉴定,产物长度与理论大小932bp,634bp一致。刚果红吸附测定,菌毛上插入有外源肽的菌落因吸附刚果红能力减弱呈粉色,对筛选出的KmS型粉色茵落的PCR鉴定,产物长度与理论大小417bp一致,测序结果也显示agfA中外源表位基因的插入。结论:禽流感M1蛋白位于58-66序列的T细胞表位成功插入沙门氏茵SEF17菌毛基因agfA。     

Leishmania major: immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with stress-inducible protein 1 encapsulated in liposomes

Protection against leishmaniasis is depending upon generation of a Th1 type of immune response. Field trials of first generation Leishmania vaccine showed a limited efficacy even with multiple doses mainly due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant. In this study, susceptible BALB/c mice were immunized with rLmSTI1 encapsulated in liposomes to explore the extent of protection induced by Leishmania antigen encapsulated in the liposomes against challenge with Leishmania major. The results showed that s.c. immunization of BALB/c mice with liposomal rLmSTI1 induced a significant protection against challenge and a significant lower parasite burden in spleen up to 14 weeks after challenge. The protected animals showed a significantly smaller footpad thickness after challenge, and a higher level of anti-SLA IgG antibodies before and after challenge with a predominant IgG2a titer. The data supports the possibility of using liposomal Leishmania antigens as a vaccine.     

我国体外诊断行业发展现状与对策建议*

体外诊断在疾病诊疗过程中扮演着非常重要的角色,素有“医生的眼睛”之称。新冠肺炎疫情让人们对生命健康的关注程度空前提高,在此背景下,体外诊断作为大健康产业的重要一环,迎来爆发式增长。概述全球和中国体外诊断行业发展现状,重点分析市场规模、竞争格局和国产化情况,分析现阶段我国体外诊断行业遇到的问题,并从突破原始性创新、加强资金保障、构建产业链生态、加大人才培养力度等方面提出建议和对策。     

The role of vaccines in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria

Most pathogens have developed an intrinsic capacity to thrive by developing resistance to antimicrobial compounds utilized in treatment. Antimicrobial resistance arises when microbial agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites alter their behaviour to make current conventional medicines inefficient. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance. Vaccines, unlike drugs, are less likely to produce resistance since they are precise to their target illnesses. Vaccines against infectious agents such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae have already been shown to reduce tolerance to antimicrobial medications; however, vaccines against some antimicrobial-resistant pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, nosocomial infections, and pulmonary and diarrheal disease viruses require more research and development. This paper describes vaccine roles in combatting antimicrobial resistance, quantifies the overall advantages of vaccination as an anti-antimicrobial resistance approach, analyzes existing antimicrobial vaccines and those currently under development, and emphasizes some of the obstacles and prospects of vaccine research and development.     

Live tularemia vaccine confers protection against lethal Legionella and Listeria infections in experimental animals

Abstract The efficacy of a live Francisella tularensis vaccine strain to cause nonspecific immunity toward experimental legionellosis and listeriosis was studied. Immunisation with tularemia vaccine protected over 80% and 17% of experimental animals against subsequent lethal challenge with Legionella pneumophila and Listeria monocytogenes , respectively. The protection was maximal during the first month following immunisation and declined thereafter. In order to delineate the immunostimulatory moieties of the Francisella microbe, several cell wall proteins have been purified and characterized. However, isolated cell wall components failed to induce protection.     

A surface-displayed cholera toxin B peptide improves antibody responses using food-grade staphylococci for mucosal subunit vaccine delivery

The possibility of improving the antibody responses to a model streptococcal antigen, administered by intranasal immunization as surface-displayed on the food-grade bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus, by co-exposure of a peptide (CTBp) comprising amino acids 50-75 of the cholera toxin B subunit, was investigated. It was found that the introduction of the CTBp into the chimeric surface proteins, containing a serum albumin binding protein (ABP) from streptococcal protein G as model antigen, significantly increased serum IgG responses upon intranasal immunization. Similarly, elicited local IgA responses were also found to be improved. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that live delivery of the staphylococci was required to obtain this effect, since UV-irradiated or heat-killed bacteria exposing the same chimeric surface proteins did not show increased anti-ABP IgG responses.     

Protective Vaccine Efficacy when Vaccine Response is Random

Vaccine induced protection against infection is often random because of primary vaccine failures and variation in the immune systems of hosts. We introduce a concept of protective vaccine efficacy in terms of mean relative susceptibility of vaccinated individuals and derive both a lower and an upper bound for it. These bounds apply for all distributions of the vaccine response and can be estimated from data on the size of a major epidemic. Standard errors are given for estimates of the bounds. Bounds are also given for the vaccination coverage required to prevent epidemics and these are also estimable from data on the size of a major epidemic. The results are applied to data on an outbreak of mumps.     

半嵌套式PCR技术区别检测犬细小病毒疫苗株和强毒株的研究

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(Canineparvovirus,CPV)引起的一种多发于幼犬的致死性传染病,主要表现为出血性肠炎和心肌炎[1].在自然条件下本病多呈散发,而在养犬比较集中的地方则常群发[2].     

rHB-DTaP联合疫苗中抗-HBs抗体应答

在乙肝、白喉、破伤风、无细胞百日咳（ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ）四联疫苗的研制过程中,我们采用基因工程乙肝疫苗（ＣＨＯ）,精制白喉、破伤风类毒素和无细胞百日咳菌苗原液,按不同的稀释液,不同的加入顺序以及不同的含量等制备四联疫苗,并以单价基因工程乙肝疫苗（ｒＨＢ）做对照,进行小鼠试验,接种４周后采血检测抗－ＨＢｓ水平。结果表明,不同配方的四联疫苗中ｒＨＢ与ＤＴａＰ均无干扰,相容性好;抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平与单价苗（ｒＨＢ）无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,使用生理盐水制备的ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ其抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平较醋酸盐缓冲液者高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ｒＨＢ－ＤＴａＰ中的抗－ＨＢｓ免疫应答水平与ｒＨＢ原液的加入顺序无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）;ｒＨＢ含量以２０μｇ／ｍｌ为宜。