低丘红壤区农田水热通量变化特征及气候学足迹

农田水热通量的变化特征以及气候学足迹分析对加强区域气候资源管理和提高红壤地区水热资源利用率有重要意义.利用低丘红壤区的大孔径闪烁仪和自动气象站数据,在保证数据质量的基础上,详细分析了低丘红壤区农田在非雨季、作物生长旺期不同时间尺度水热通量的变化特征和观测通量的源区分布特征.结果表明: 水热通量的日变化呈单峰型,但与晴天相比较,多云天的日变化曲线波动更为复杂;无论是旬尺度还是月尺度, 8月的水热通量整体上都大于9月,且净辐射通量都更多地用于潜热交换,但9月潜热通量所占净辐射比例相较于8月有所减少,感热通量则相反;受气象条件(尤其是风)、稳定度和下垫面状况影响,不同时间尺度的观测通量源区特征不同;结合下垫面作物来看,不同时间尺度源区的通量贡献来源也不同.     

西双版纳生物多样性保护和可持续发展研究:本论文集的说明

西双版纳是保存有大面积热带森林的地区,倍受海内外的关注.从本世纪30～40年代到90年代的研究表明西双版纳处于热带亚热带过渡地带的特殊性,其生态环境和生物成分不仅在生物演化中意义显要而且也是发展地方经济的重要资源.西双版纳为多民族聚居区,居住着傣族、爱尼族约20个民族或未定族群.各民族有其特殊的土地和自然资源利用传统.随着人口增加和经济发展,特别是橡胶种植的扩大,严重地损坏了西双版纳的热带森林及其生态环境,也使优秀传统文化在丧失.保护生态环境和优秀传统文化成了西双版纳可持续发展的关键.     

Problems in the assessment of the bioclimate for vacationists at the seaside

In order to assess the value of common climatic information given to vacationists, measurements of thermophysiologically relevant climatic parameters were carried out on a beach in Italy and compared to those of a nearby official meteorological station. As an integral bioclimatic index the Physiological Equivalent Temperature, PET, was calculated. The results indicate that both the diurnal courses and the absolute values differ essentially at the different locations on the beach and at a nearby met. station. On the beach the thermal stress during the hottest time of the day is significantly lower than at a location a few kilometres inland.     

Synoptic analysis of heat-related mortality in Sydney,Australia, 1993–2001

Exposure to extremely hot weather has been associated with increased mortality. Temporal Synoptic Index is an effective method used to analyze the relationship between mortality and combined weather factors. The aim of this study is to examine the short-term effect of ambient heat on mortality in Sydney during the warmest 6-month period (October-March) for the years 1993-2001. Eleven synoptic categories were related to daily mortality rates in Sydney. Two distinctive warm categories were associated with significantly higher mortality rates. Hot, dry and relatively rare Synoptic Category 7 (SC7) days showed the highest daily mortality rates, followed by warm and humid SC3 days, which occurred more frequently. Increased mortality was more pronounced among the elderly population, and gender-stratified analysis showed women to be more vulnerable. Mortality on the day of the weather event was higher than 1 or 2 days after the adverse synoptic situation. Ozone and particulate matter smaller than 10 microm were found at high concentrations in SC3 and SC7, respectively, but their impact on mortality was not clear. The population of Sydney was found to be vulnerable to high temperatures, with a lower susceptibility than those of some cities in the USA and Europe.     

Selected questions of topical interest in human bioclimatology

This paper deals with the different effects of climate, and the likely impact of climatic change, on the human being, his health and well-being. Those effects follow from consideration of the human energy budget and air pollution, including photooxidants and radiation, the latter especially in the UV-range. The development of tools to produce bioclimate maps, i.e. maps expressed in physiologically significant terms, in different scales up to the high resolution necessary for the microscale urban climate, will be discussed. The most important questions in bioclimate research and its application will be considered.