The Upper Paleolithic triple burial of Dolní Vestonice: pathology and funerary behavior

This work focuses on paleopathological analysis of one of the skeletons from the Gravettian triple burial of Dolní Vestonice (Moravia) and addresses issues of Upper Paleolithic funerary behavior. The burial includes the well-preserved skeletons of three young individuals. The skeleton in the middle (DV 15) is pathological and very problematic to sex; the other two (DV 13 and DV 14) are males and lie in an unusual position. The young age, the possibility of a simultaneous interment, and the position of the three specimens have given rise to speculations about the symbolic significance of this spectacular and intriguing funerary pattern. The pathological condition of the skeleton in the middle further emphasizes its peculiarity. Main pathological changes of the DV 15 skeleton include: asymmetric shortening of the right femur and of left forearm bones, bowing of the right femur, right humerus, and left radius, elongation of fibulae, dysplasias of the vertebral column, and very marked enamel hypoplasias. Scrutiny of the medical literature suggests that the most likely etiology is chondrodysplasia calcificans punctata (CCP) complicated by trauma and early fractures of the upper limbs. CCP is a rare inherited disorder characterized by stippled ossification of the epiphyses. The cartilaginous stippling is a transient phenomenon that disappears during infancy, leaving permanent deformities on affected bones. Among the different forms of CCP, the X-linked dominant form is that resulting in asymmetric shortening and is lethal during early infancy in males. Thus, survival of DV 15 until young adult age would require the specimen to be a female. Clinical findings often associated with the disease (erythemas, ichthyosis, alopecia, cataracts, and joint contractures, among others) would emphasize the singular aspect of this individual, pointing to a condition that should be carefully taken into account when speculating on the significance of that peculiar burial.     

心理护理在A 型性格上消化道出血患者的应用

目的:探讨心理护理应用于A型性格上消化道出血患者的影响。方法:将A型性格上消化道出血患者68例,随机分为观察组(n=34例)和对照组(n=34例)。观察组为实施心理护理组,对照组为非心理护理组。分别观察两组患者的住院时间、二次出血发生率、病死率等指标。结果:两组患者的临床疗效比较,观察组住院时间、二次出血发生率和病死率均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心理护理应用于A型性格上消化道出血患者,能够明显较少患者的住院时间,并有效降低了患者二次出血发生率和病死率,其临床效果优于对照组。     

VEGF, MVD 在胃癌预后及上消化道出血风险的研究进展

胃癌是危害人类健康的常见恶性肿瘤,也是上消化道出血常见的病因之一。其发生发展是多因素、多基因改变参与的长期、协同的病理过程。血管生成(angiogenesis)是这一发展过程中的关键步骤,血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和微血管密度(micro vessel density,MVD)作为调控血管生成的主要因子和微血管的主要评价指标,在胃癌患者预后、临床病理因素中的作用被广泛研究。上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage)是胃癌患者的常见临床症状威胁和影响患者的生存质量。新近有研究者提出,VEGF及MVD与胃癌患者的上消化道出血风险正相关,本文就相关研究进展进行介绍。     

超声胃镜小探头对上消化道黏膜下病变的诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨超声胃镜小探头对上消化道黏膜下病变的诊断价值.方法:使用超声胃镜小探头对我院2010年6月-2011年12月62例经电子胃镜检查的上消化道黏膜下病变患者进行检查,对病变的浸润范围与性质进行分析,结果与术后病理进行对比.结果:良性间质瘤43例,占69.35％,恶性间质瘤6例,占9.68％,异位胰腺5例,占8.06％,囊肿6例,占9.68％,脂肪瘤与静脉曲张各1例,占1.61％.所有结果均经病理检查证实,符合率100％,结果具有代表性(P＜0.05).结论:使用超声胃镜小探头能清楚显示上消化道各层管壁结构,确定上消化道黏膜下病变的性质,提高诊断率,具有极高的临床价值,可作为上消化道黏膜下病变的诊断方法在临床推广应用.     

A comparison on ecosystem services before/after “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake

Earthquake has great potential to destroy vegetation and water resources. Here, we estimated the ecosystem services before/after “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake in China, in the center zone (ca. 24, 696.94 km²) of the earthquake, the destroyed service value approximately 520.04 × 10⁶ $. Moreover, the losses of biodiversity conservation value were inestimable in this earthquake. The results suggested that earthquake can seriously damage service function of ecosystem. It is a nice opportunity for ecologists to study the recovery of ecosystem services after earthquake disturbance.     

Identification and characterization of miRNAome in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by deep sequencing combined with microarray

Tobacco is one of the most important economic and agricultural crops worldwide. miRNAs have been increasingly acknowledged for their important roles in different biological processes of tobacco. However, few miRNAs have been identified so far in tobacco impeding the development of new tobacco strains with better properties. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to identify novel tobacco miRNAs. A total of 84 potential miRNAs were obtained in tobacco, including 33 conserved and 51 novel miRNAs. Tissue-specific and topping-related miRNAs were identified. A tobacco miRNA microarray was also constructed to investigate miRNA expression patterns in different tissues, and their expression patterns were further validated by qRT-PCR and Northern Blot. Finally, the potential targets of these miRNAs were predicted based on a sequence homology search. Thus, in the current study, we have performed the comprehensive analysis of tobacco miRNAs, including their identification, expression pattern and target prediction. Our study opens a new avenue for further elucidation for their roles underlying the regulation of diversity of physiological processes.     

Same old Salmo? Changes in life history and demographic trends of North Iberian salmonids since the Upper Palaeolithic as revealed by archaeological remains and beast analyses

Life history traits determine fitness and hence the ability of populations and species to survive through adverse conditions. Therefore, identifying temporal changes in life history traits over large timescales is necessary to understand and predict the effect of current global change on wild populations. In this study, we compare life history traits between Palaeolithic and present-day vertebrates, analysing the number of winters spent in the river and at sea by North Iberian salmonids (Salmo salar and Salmo trutta) from two separate time frames: the Upper Palaeolithic, based on archaeological remains, and the present day, based on sport catches. The river stage did not change significantly, but the marine period has been shortened in modern anadromous specimens, accordingly shortening mean generation time. Population growth rates have been estimated through Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial DNA control region of modern specimens for the two Salmo species using two different mutation rates (1% and 3.6%). Coincidence of coalescent N(e) estimates with independent N(e) calculated from catches suggests that the 3.6% mutation rate fits better the evolution of the studied populations. Population growth rate declines would have occurred in the last millennium and could be explained by a combination of climatic events and anthropogenic activities.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术对上尿路结石患者炎性因子及肾功能的影响

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(RLU)对上尿路结石患者炎性因子及肾功能的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年11月期间海南省第三人民医院泌尿外科收治的上尿路结石患者89例为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为RLU组(n=44)和经输尿管镜取石术(URL)组(n=45),比较两组患者手术成功率、结石取净率、炎性因子指标[白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、肾功能指标[血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)]及术后并发症。结果:RLU组患者手术成功率、结石取净率均高于URL组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d IL-6、TNF-α、ET-1以及CRP水平均较术前升高,但RLU组低于URL组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d BUN、Scr水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者术后1d NGAL水平较术前升高,但RLU组低于URL组(P0.05)。RLU组术后并发症发生率低于URL组(P0.05)。结论:RLU对上尿路结石患者的炎症刺激和肾功能影响更小,且可有效提升手术成功率、结石取净率,降低并发症发生率,有利于患者术后恢复。     

微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜碎石术对上尿路结石患者肾功能及机体氧化应激反应的影响

目的:探讨微通道与标准通道经皮肾镜碎石术(PCNL)对上尿路结石患者肾功能及机体氧化应激反应的影响。方法:选取2017年3月到2018年9月在成都医学院第一附属医院接受治疗的上尿路结石患者106例,根据随机数字表法将患者分为微通道组与标准通道组各53例,其中微通道组采用微通道PCNL进行治疗,标准通道组采用标准通道PCNL进行治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、一次性结石清除率、住院时间、手术感染率。比较两组患者术前、术后1d、术后3d的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(AD)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)。结果:微通道组的手术时间长于标准通道组,术中出血量少于标准通道组(P0.05)。两组患者各个时间点的BUN、SCr水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05),两组患者术后1d的BUN、SCr水平高于术前(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d、术后3d的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平较术前明显升高(P0.05);微通道组术后3d的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平低于标准通道组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d、术后3d的Cor、AD、NE水平较术前明显升高(P0.05);微通道组术后1d、术后3d的Cor、AD、NE水平低于标准通道组(P0.05)。结论:微通道PCNL与标准通道PCNL治疗上尿路结石患者具有较好的疗效,但微通道PCNL术中出血量更少,且患者的炎症反应和氧化应激程度更轻。     

经皮血管腔内成形术联合自体外周血单个核细胞治疗糖尿病足下肢血管病变的临床研究

目的:探讨经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)联合自体外周血单个核细胞(PBMNCs)移植治疗糖尿病足下肢血管病变的临床疗效。方法:选取内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院2016年8月至2017年9月期间收治的糖尿病足下肢血管病变患者共120例,按随机数字表法分为3组:对照1组共40例,进行自体PBMNCs移植;对照2组共40例,进行PTA治疗;联合治疗组共40例,在进行PTA治疗的同时于缺血部位注入PBMNCs。观察3组的血管疏通情况,比较治疗前、治疗后1、6、12个月的跛行距离、踝肱指数(ABI),记录3组并发症发生情况。结果:联合治疗组患者的手术成功率为100.00%(40/40),高于对照1组的40.00%(16/40)、对照2组的55.00%(22/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后1、6、12个月联合治疗组的跛行距离、ABI高于对照1组和对照2组(P0.05)。联合治疗组并发症总发生率为5.00%(2/40),低于对照1组的37.50%(15/40)和对照2组的25.00%(10/40),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PTA联合自体PBMNCs移植是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗糖尿病足下肢血管病变的方法,其能够改善患者的血管疏通和病情。