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11.
Under stress of iron deficiency roots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) increase proton efflux which acidifies the root medium, increase the ferric reducing capacity and the exudation of phenolic compounds. Differences have been found previously among sunflower inbred lines in the capacity of their roots to lower pH and it was also found that this character is under genetic control.This work presents the results of an inheritance study made by crossing two genotypes, one (CMS HA 89) without acidification capacity and another (RHA 271) with it. Plants were grown individually in 75 mL vessels with an aerated solution low in iron. After 4 days, solutions were changed to one without iron and the pH of the medium was measured during the following days. Results from F1, F2, and backcross generations can be explained with two pairs of alleles controlling the character, being the relation between alleles of complete dominance at both gene pairs, but either gene, when dominant is epistatic to the other. 相似文献
12.
A. M. Dally G. Second 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1990,80(2):209-222
Summary Using a novel nonaqueous procedure, chloroplast DNA was isolated from 318 individual adult rice plants, representing 247 accessions and the breadth of the diversity in section Oryza of genus Oryza. Among them, 32 different cpDNA restriction patterns were distinguished using the restriction endonucleases EcoRI and AvaI, and they were further characterized by restriction with BamHI, HindIII, SmaI, PstI, and BstEII enzymes. The differences in the electrophoretic band patterns were parsimoniously interpreted as being the result of 110 mutations, including 47 restriction site mutations. The relationships between band patterns were studied by a cladistic analysis based on shared mutations and by the computation of genetic distances based on shared bands. The deduced relationships were compared with earlier taxonomical studies. The maternal parents for BC genome allotetraploids were deduced. Within species, cpDNA diversity was found larger in those species with an evolutionary history of recent introgression and/or allotetraploidization. Occasional paternal inheritance and recombination of cpDNA in rice was suggested. 相似文献
13.
S. A. Masoud L. B. Johnson E. L. Sorensen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1990,79(1):49-55
Summary A high frequency of paternal plastid transmission occurred in progeny from crosses among normal green alfalfa plants. Plastid transmission was analyzed by hybridization of radiolabeled alfalfa plastid DNA (cpDNA) probes to Southern blots of restriction digests of the progeny DNA. Each probe revealed a specific polymorphism differentiating the parental plastid genomes. Of 212 progeny, 34 were heteroplastidic, with their cpDNAs ranging from predominantly paternal to predominantly maternal. Regrowth of shoots from heteroplasmic plants following removal of top growth revealed the persistence of mixed plastids in a given plant. However, different shoots within a green heteroplasmic plant exhibited paternal, maternal, or mixed cpDNAs. Evidence of maternal nuclear genomic influence on the frequency of paternal plastid transmission was observed in some reciprocal crosses. A few tetraploid F1 progeny were obtained from tetraploid (2n=4x=32) Medicago sativa ssp. sativa x diploid (2n=2x=16) M. sativa ssp. falcata crosses, and resulted from unreduced gametes. Here more than the maternal genome alone apparently functioned in controlling plastid transmission. Considering all crosses, only 5 of 212 progeny cpDNAs lacked evidence of a definitive paternal plastid fragment.Contribution No. 89-524-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan 相似文献
14.
T. Kumagai Y. Umemura T. Baba M. Iwanaga 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1990,79(3):369-376
Summary Several sweet potato genotypes were found to lack completely or to have only traces of-amylase in their storage roots. Such genotypes do not increase in sweetness during cooking because, without a sufficient amount of-amylase, the normal hydrolysis of starch to maltose does not occur in the cooking process. In order to study the inheritance of this biochemical variant in the genotype, 41 families were generated. The following conclusions were drawn from analyzing these families. (1) This trait is controlled by one recessive allele (designated-amy) (2) It is inherited in a hexasomic or tetradisomic manner, but not disomically or tetrasomically. This conclusion supports previous cytological data that sweet potato is an autohexaploid or has two identical genomes plus one genome which is somewhat different. (3) The-amy allele appears to exist at a high frequency in cultivated germplasm. (4) Breeding sweet potato for low-amylase activity is relatively easy. New types of sweet potato without normal-amylase activity have great potential for processing and as a staple food. 相似文献
15.
Cor Glas Jolanda C. Kamp Coby Jongsma H. John J. Nijkamp Jacques Hille 《Plant science》1990,70(2):231-241
Lincomycin-resistant calli were induced from both Lycopersicon esculentum and Lycopersicon peruvianum using N-mitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) mutagenesis. From these calli lincomycin-resistant plants were regenerated. For L. peruvianum it was shown that the resistant plants could be divided in two classes with respect to their resistance to lincomycin and its derivative clindamycin. The first class comprised plants which were resistant to 500 mg/l lincomycin and showed no shoot or root formation in the presence of clindamycin; the second class consisted of plants resistant to 2000 mg/l lincomycin and these plants were able to form shoots and roots on clindamycin containing media. Lincomycin is an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase; chloroplast encoded parts of this enzymatic function are sensitive for this antibiotic. Reciprocal crosses between our lincomycin resistant and wild type L. peruvianum plants indicated a maternal inheritance of the mutation. 相似文献
16.
Denis Tagu Catherine Bergounioux Claudette Perennes Pierre Gadal 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,21(3):259-266
In previous work, transformedPetunia hybrida plants were obtained by direct gene transfer, using two different genes on separate plasmids (NPT II gene and a cDNA of PEPC from green sorghum leaves). In this study, we have analysed the sexual transmission of the acquired genes by genetic crossing analysis of 2 of the transgenic petunias. The ploïdies of the two clones were determined by flow cytometric analysis showing that one was 2n and the other 4n. Self and back crosses show that the kanamycin character was inherited as a single dominant trait, and that the two clones were heterozygotes for this character. Therefore, the 4n clone probably arises from an endoploidization followed by a transformation event. Southern blot analyses show that all of the resistant progenies which were analysed harboured the kanamycin gene, and expressed the phosphorylation activity in vitro. The DNA of several progenies were also tested for the presence of co-transformed PEPC cDNA sequence. All of the kanamycin-resistant progenies tested contained the second coding sequence, indicating that the two foreign genes might be genetically co-inherited in the transgenic plants. The way in which the two genes are integrated into the genome is discussed.Abbreviations NPT
neomycin phosphotransferase
- PEG
polyethyleneglycol
- PEPC
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 相似文献
17.
The prokaryotic endosymbionts that became plastids and mitochondria contained genes destined for one of three fates. Genes
required for free-living existence were lost. Most genes useful to the symbiosis were transferred to the nucleus of the host.
Some genes, a small minority, were retained within the organelle. Here we suggest that a selective advantage of movement of
genes to the nucleus is decreased mutation: plastids and mitochondria have high volume-specific rates of redox reactions,
producing oxygen free radicals that chemically modify DNA. These mutations lead to synthesis of modified electron carriers
that in turn generate more mutagenic free radicals—the “vicious circle” theory of aging. Transfer of genes to the nucleus
is also advantageous in facilitating sexual recombination and DNA repair. For genes encoding certain key components of photosynthesis
and respiration, direct control of gene expression by redox state of electron carriers may be required to minimize free radical
production, providing a selective advantage of organelle location which outweighs that of location in the nucleus. A previous
proposal for transfer of genes to the nucleus is an economy of resources in having a single genome and a single apparatus
for gene expression, but this argument fails if any organellar gene is retained. A previous proposal for the retention of
genes within organelles is that certain proteins are organelle-encoded because they cannot be imported, but there is now evidence
against this view. Decreased free radical mutagenesis and increased sexual recombination upon transfer to the nucleus together
with redox control of gene expression in organelles may now account for the slightly different gene distributions among nuclei,
plastids, and mitochondria found in major eukaryote taxa. This analysis suggests a novel reason for uniparental inheritance
of organelles and the evolution of anisogametic sex, and may also account for the occurrence of nitrogen fixation in symbionts
rather than in nitrogen-fixing organelles.
Correspondence to: J.F. Allen 相似文献
18.
19.
Thea mating type locus ofUstilago maydis contains the structural genes for a pheromone-based cell recognition system that governs fusion of haploid cells. The locus exists in two alleles, termeda1 anda2. We have completed the analysis of the nucleotide sequences unique toa1 anda2. Within these dissimilar regions we find two short patches of DNA sequence similarity. Interestingly, one of these segments corresponds to the transcribed region of thea1 pheromone precursor. As a result of multiple nucleotide exchanges this sequence does not code for a functional product. The existence of a second pheromone gene in thea2 allele suggests that the present locus had a multiallelic ancestor. In addition, we describe the presence of two additional genes in thea2 allele. We have investigated the role of these genes during mating and pathogenic development and speculate that they might affect mitochondrial inheritance. 相似文献
20.
牵牛属质体DNA的父系遗传 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
利用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术研究了牵牛属(Pharbitis)植物质体DNA 的遗传方式。结果表明,在牵牛(P. nil)×大花牵牛(P. limbata)和大花牵牛×牵牛中,质体DNA 为父系遗传。在大花牵牛×牵牛中,质体DNA还有可能为双亲遗传。研究证明牵牛属为被子植物中具有质体父系遗传方式的第三个属。牵牛属质体父系遗传机制尚不清楚,作者认为母系质体及其DNA 在受精后的释稀、排除和/或降解可能是质体父系遗传的基础 相似文献