Direct estimation of the effects of meiotic recombination on potato traits via analysis of 4x-2x progenies from synaptic mutants with 2n-pollen formation by FDR without crossing-over

Diploid potato clones with 2n-pollen formation by first-division restitution without crossing-over (FDR-NCO) are ideal testers to estimate the breeding value of elite 4x cultivars by virtue of transmitting their genotypes practically intact to their progenies. This characteristic facilitates genetic analysis, since meiotic recombination would take place only in the 4x parent and not in the diploid parent. We evaluated (under short-day conditions) families from complete factorial crosses between four 4x cultivars and five 2x(FDR-NCO) clones. Families were compared with two standard 4x cultivars (’Bintje’ and ’Delta’) for total tuber yield (TTY), commercial yield (CY), haulm maturity (HM), plant vigor (PV), plant-top uniformity (PU), eye depth (ED), number of tubers per hill (NTH), and the CY/TTY index (CTI). For TTY, the contrasts family group (310 g/ hill) vs ’Delta’ (430 g/hill) and the family group vs ’Bintje’ (210 g/hill) were significant. Only 25% of the families were different from ’Delta’ and 20% of them outyielded ’Bintje’. For CY, differences were observed between families (240 g/hill) vs ’Delta’ (340 g/hill) and families vs ’Bintje’ (150 g/hill). The two best families had 53% CY over ’Bintje’. Surprisingly, only one family had a higher NTH than ’Bintje’. No differences were observed for HM. Seventy five and 30% of the families had an ED similar to ’Delta’ (ED = 2) and ’Bintje’ (ED = 1), respectively. A multivariate analysis indicated that 63% of the data variability could be explained by two factors. TTY, CY, and PV had high loading on the first factor, whereas ED, PU and HM had high loading on the second factor; CTI and NTH had equal sizes on both factors. High TTY and PV were associated with high NTH and CTI. Deep eye, PU, and late maturity were associated with high NTH and reduced CTI. The distributions of factor scores of the entries indicated that some 2x parents had strong influences (irrespective of the direction of their effects) on the crosses. Six crosses due to two 2x males were in the ’Bintje’ quarter with negative scores for both factors (implying low TTY, poor vigor, and low NTH). Also three crosses due to another 2x clone were distributed in the quarter of positive factor 1 and negative factor 2. These crosses plus another one were in the same quarter of ’Delta’ (implying high yields, low ED, low PU, and early maturity). The FDR-NCO clones provide a homogeneous sample of heterozygous 2n-gametes allowing the unique opportunity to estimate the relative contribution of the random meiotic products (from the 4x parents) and the ’somatic’ 2x genome for the phenotypic expression of quantitative traits. The interesting result was that measurable effects (favorable or not) on the data variability were mainly determined by the genomic contribution of the haploid-species hybrids. Three out of five 2x-male parents showed rather strong effects on progenies. No such effects were observed on the four 4x-female parents. Received: 3 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 November 1999     

‘No-reflow’ after acute myocardial infarction: direct visualisation of microvascular obstruction by gadolinium-enhanced CMR

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is considered the standard imaging modality in clinical trials to monitor patients after acute myocardial infarction. However, limited data are available with respect to infarct size, presence and extent of microvascular injury (MVO) and changes over time, in relation to cardiac function in optimally treated patients. In the current study we prospectively investigate the change of infarct size over time, and the incidence and significance of MVO in a uniform, optimally treated patient group after AMI. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:179-81.)     

梗阻性低位直肠癌保肛手术可行性探讨

目的:探讨梗阻性低位直肠癌保肛治疗(直肠癌前切除术(dixon手术))的可行性及术后肠瘘的防治。方法:回顾性分析我科2009年1月-2012年1月梗阻性低位直肠癌的保肛治疗(dixon)24例手术患者(梗阻性保肛组)临床资料及非梗阻性低位直肠癌保肛治疗(dixon)的24例患者(非梗阻性保肛组)临床资料,比较梗阻性与非梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗的临床疗效,分析梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗的可行性。结果:梗阻性保肛组住院天数:11.9天,非梗阻性肠梗阻保肛组8.7天P0.05;梗阻性保肛组发生肠瘘:4例(16.7%),非梗阻性肠梗阻保肛组发生肠瘘:1例(4.2%)P0.05,经充分引流后肠瘘愈合,无1人死亡,两组术后至出院期间死亡人数:0例;梗阻性保肛组肠功能恢复(以排气排便为指标):5.1天,非梗阻性保肛组肠功能恢复:3.8天,P0.05;术后6个月腹泻便秘患者两组相同为24人;术后6个月梗阻性保肛组肿瘤复发6人(25%),非梗阻性保肛组肿瘤复发5人(20.8%),P0.05。结论:梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗住院期疗效较非梗阻性保肛组差,中远期疗效无明显差异。梗阻性低位直肠癌可行保肛治疗。     

经输卵管注药介入治疗慢性盆腔炎性疼痛及阻塞性不孕的路径探讨和疗效观察

目的为探索治疗慢性盆腔痛及不孕的理想方法,本文尝试通过输卵管注药介入治疗盆腔炎性后遗症等疼痛疾病及输卵管阻塞性不孕,观察其疗效并对输卵管这条自身路径进一步拓宽利用进行实践论证。方法应用NCI—I型数字化输卵管通液诊断治疗仪对56例盆腔炎性等疼痛、伴有不孕或计划妊娠的患者结合超声监测通液诊断,根据输卵管通畅程度分别给予盆腔注药或输卵管疏通后介入治疗。结果56例盆腔疼痛患者仅有19例输卵管通畅,37例输卵管阻塞（不全阻塞25例,11例不通）,占66．1％。治疗后通畅组盆腔疼痛消失16例,治愈率为84．2％;不全阻塞组疼痛减轻20例,好转率为76．9％,其中14例患者输卵管得以疏通;不通组45．5％（5／11）病情好转,输卵管疏通率为63。6％（7／11）;通畅组疼痛治愈率明显高于不全阻塞和不通组（P〈0．05）。盆腔炎性疼痛治愈率和输卵管疏通率分别为45．5％和82．4％,内异症等疼痛组为13．0％和65.0％,后者虽不及前者理想（P〈0．05）,但确有60．9％患者疼痛好转。本文输卵管阻塞疏通率为72．9％,慢性盆腔疼痛治疗有效率达87．5％。结论输卵管是一条与生俱来的自身生理通道,可拓宽利用诊治盆腔疾病。NCI—I型数字化输卵管通液诊断治疗仪盆腔注药介入治疗是一种准确易行、安全无创、科学有效的诊治盆腔炎性等疾病的方法。实践证明,疏通这条路径不仅在阻塞性输卵管不孕方面起到了至关重要的临床作用,对治疗盆腔炎性后遗症等慢性盆腔疼痛疾病也有较高的研究价值,值得进一步探索和应用,并有广阔的前景和发展空间。     

胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原学特征和危险因素及与肝脏损伤的关系研究

目的:探讨胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原学特征和危险因素,并分析胆道感染与肝脏损伤的关系。方法:回顾性分析250例胆道梗阻患者的临床资料,分析胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原菌分布和主要病原菌的耐药性,分析胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的危险因素,比较各组的肝功能指标[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、直接胆红素(DBIL)]和肝纤维化指标[层黏蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)]。结果:250例胆道梗阻中共有132例合并胆道感染,感染率为52.80%,共分离出病原菌150株,以革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌为主。粪肠球菌对红霉素的耐药率最高,屎肠球菌对林可霉素的耐药率最高,均对万古霉素的耐药率最低;大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,对妥布霉素的耐药率最低。年龄≥60岁、有胆道手术史、肝功能Child-Pugh评分≥11分是胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。胆道感染组的AST、ALT、GGT、DBIL、LN、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C水平高于无胆道感染组和对照组,且无胆道感染组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胆道梗阻患者胆道感染的发生率较高,并且胆道感染会进一步加重胆道梗阻患者的肝脏损伤,临床应根据其病原学特征和危险因素做好相应的防治工作。     

依帕司他对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的干预作用及其机制

目的:观察依帕司他(EPS)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠间质纤维化的保护作用及其机制。方法:实验设假手术组(Sham)组、UUO、UUO+EPS(50 mg/kg)及UUO+EPS(100 mg/kg)剂量组,每组n=8。左侧输尿管结扎制备UUO大鼠模型。造模后连续灌胃给药3周,sham和UUO组给予等体积的羟甲基纤维素钠。HE和Masson染色观察肾组织病理变化及胶原沉积情况。免疫组化法观察肾组织醛糖还原酶(AR)表达情况,分别采用real-time PCR和(或) Western blot检测肾脏I型胶原(collagen I)、III型胶原(collagen III)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、成纤维细胞特异蛋白-1(FSP-1)、纤连蛋白(FN)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、转化生成因子-β1(TGF-β1)和AR mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:与Sham组相比,UUO组大鼠小管上皮细胞萎缩、空泡样变性,肾间质成纤维细胞及肌成纤维细胞大量增殖并伴大量炎症细胞浸润,胶原沉积明显增加,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),同时EMT标志性蛋白α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低。与UUO组相比,经EPS治疗3周后,肾间质纤维化程度明显减轻,胶原沉积明显减少,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),另外α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),而且100 mg/kg剂量组上述指标的改变均好于低剂量组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:依帕司他对肾间质纤维化具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与其抑制TGF-β1介导的AR表达、进而抑制大鼠肾小管上皮细胞EMT有关。     

肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型的建立和评价研究

目的：建立和评价肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型。方法：采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法建立肝旺痰阻的复合证候。通过观察大鼠性情动态的变化及体重、血压及血脂和血管紧张素II的变化,对高血压大鼠肝旺痰阻证型进行综合评价。结果：模型组大鼠在性情动态及体重、血压、血脂和血管紧张素II等方面均与对照组有较大差异（P〈0．05）,符合了中医肝旺痰阻证型的表现。结论：采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法,可建立肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠动物模型。     

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Obstruction of the kidney may affect native or transplanted kidneys and results in kidney injury and scarring. Presented here is a model of obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), which can either be irreversible (UUO) or reversible (R-UUO). In the irreversible UUO model, the ureter may be obstructed for variable periods of time in order to induce increasingly severe renal inflammation and interstitial fibrotic scarring. In the reversible R-UUO model the ureter is obstructed to induce hydronephrosis, tubular dilation and inflammation. After a suitable period of time the ureteric obstruction is then surgically reversed by anastomosis of the severed previously obstructed ureter to the bladder in order to allow complete decompression of the kidney and restoration of urinary flow to the bladder. The irreversible UUO model has been used to investigate various aspects of renal inflammation and scarring including the pathogenesis of disease and the testing of potential anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrotic therapies. The more challenging model of R-UUO has been used by some investigators and does offer significant research potential as it allows the study of inflammatory and immune processes and tissue remodeling in an injured and scarred kidney following the removal of the injurious stimulus. As a result, the R-UUO model offers investigators the opportunity to explore the resolution of kidney inflammation together with key aspects of tissue repair. These experimental models are of relevance to human disease as patients often present with obstruction of the renal tract that requires decompression and are commonly left with significant residual kidney impairment that has no current treatment options and may lead to eventual end stage kidney failure.     

试论磁场治疗恶性肿瘤中的三对矛盾凋亡与增殖免疫与肿瘤阻塞与供给

脉冲梯度磁场(峰值磁场0.2~2.0T,梯度10~100T.M-1,脉冲宽度20~200ms,重复频率0.16~1.34HZ)抑制鼠恶性肿瘤的细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡,提高宿主细胞免疫功能和抑制肿瘤生长,阻塞供给肿瘤生长的新生血管。虽然进一步的清晰的机理研究是非常需要的,但是上面的发现能够成为治疗恶性肿瘤的一种新方法。