胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原学特征和危险因素及与肝脏损伤的关系研究

目的:探讨胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原学特征和危险因素,并分析胆道感染与肝脏损伤的关系。方法:回顾性分析250例胆道梗阻患者的临床资料,分析胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的病原菌分布和主要病原菌的耐药性,分析胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的危险因素,比较各组的肝功能指标[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、直接胆红素(DBIL)]和肝纤维化指标[层黏蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)]。结果:250例胆道梗阻中共有132例合并胆道感染,感染率为52.80%,共分离出病原菌150株,以革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌为主。粪肠球菌对红霉素的耐药率最高,屎肠球菌对林可霉素的耐药率最高,均对万古霉素的耐药率最低;大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌均对氨苄西林的耐药率最高,对妥布霉素的耐药率最低。年龄≥60岁、有胆道手术史、肝功能Child-Pugh评分≥11分是胆道梗阻合并胆道感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。胆道感染组的AST、ALT、GGT、DBIL、LN、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C水平高于无胆道感染组和对照组,且无胆道感染组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胆道梗阻患者胆道感染的发生率较高,并且胆道感染会进一步加重胆道梗阻患者的肝脏损伤,临床应根据其病原学特征和危险因素做好相应的防治工作。     

Effect of rosuvastatin on cholestasis‐induced hepatic injury in rat livers

Recent studies reported that 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors have pleotropic effects independent of their lipid‐lowering properties. The present study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with rosuvastatin (RO) would be beneficial in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL). Animals were divided into three groups: a sham group (group I), a BDL group treated with vehicle (group II), and a BDL group treated with RO (10 mg/kg) (group III). Serum levels of total bilirubin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in group III when compared to group II. Lipid peroxides and NO levels of group III were found to be significantly lower than those of group II. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and catalase) activity in liver tissues markedly decreased in group II, whereas treatment with RO preserved antioxidant enzyme activity. DT‐diaphorase activity in group II was significantly higher than that in group III. The histopathological results showed multiple numbers of newly formed bile ductules with inflammatory cells infiltration in group II. These pathological changes were improved in group III. Our data indicate that RO ameliorates hepatic injury, inflammation, lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant enzymes activity in rats subjected to BDL. RO may have a beneficial effect on treatment of cholestatic liver diseases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:89–94, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20315     

Alterations of plasma inflammatory biomarkers in the healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with or without acute exacerbation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortally and morbidity, associated with acute exacerbations (AECOPD) resulted from smoking, infection or air pollution. Systemic inflammation has been considered as one of major pathophysiologic alterations in AECOPD. The present study aimed at developing disease-specific biomarker evaluation by integrating proteomic profiles of inflammatory mediators in AECOPD with clinical and biological informatics. Plasma samples from 18 subjects including healthy people or patients with stable COPD or AECOPD were collected to measure 507 inflammatory mediators using antibody microarray. Clinical informatics was achieved by a Digital Evaluation Score System (DESS) for assessing severity of patients. 20 mediators were significantly different between 3 groups (p<0.05), of which, Cerberus 1, Growth Hormone R, IL-1F6, IL-17B R, IL-17D, IL-19, Lymphotoxin beta, MMP-10, Thrombopoietin and TLR4 were correlated with DESS scores (p<0.05). There was a down-regulation of systemic inflammatory responses in AECOPD. The integration of proteomic profile with clinical informatics as part of clinical bioinformatics is important to screen disease-specific and disease-staged biomarkers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics: The clinical link.     

Unilateral ablation of follicles ≥ 4 mm leads to compensatory follicle response from the contralateral ovary in heifers

In each of two experiments, heifers were assigned to a control group and a unilaterally ablated (UA) group (n = 6/group). In the UA group, follicles ≥ 4 mm in the left ovary were ablated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided technique at Hour 0 (8:00 AM) on the day of ovulation. Follicles in the CL-bearing right ovary remained intact. In Experiment 1, ablations continued until the next ovulation, and new follicles emerged in the right ovary in 9 of 14 (64%) waves. The number of follicles/wave (combined, 6.4 ± 0.4) did not differ between groups. In Experiment 2, follicles were counted at Hours 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24; the resistance index (RI) for blood flow in the ovarian pedicle was determined at Hours 0 and 12; and blood samples were collected every hour from Hours 0 to 12 and at Hour 24. An increase (P < 0.05) in the number of follicles in the follicle-intact ovary began at Hour 4 with complete compensation by Hour 24. Concentrations of FSH did not change between Hours 0 and 24 in the UA group but decreased (P < 0.05) in the controls by Hour 7. At Hour 12, RI to the right ovary approached being lower (P < 0.06) in the UA group than in the control group. Results indicated that unilateral ablation of follicles ≥ 4 mm led to compensatory follicle response in the follicle-intact ovary, and initially circulatory FSH concentrations were maintained and blood flow to the follicle-intact ovary increased.     

具脉冲收获与脉冲单边扩散的单种群动力学模型研究

建立了一类具脉冲收获与脉冲单边扩散在不同固定脉冲时刻的单种群动力学模型利用离散动力系统频闪映射理论,得到了脉冲收获的阈值.该结论说明只要收获量不超过其阈值通过扩散则种群可以保持持续生存.     

老年男性脑卒中患者排尿功能障碍的尿动力学评估

目的:存在阻塞性尿路疾患的老年男性在发生脑血管意外后,是否可通过早期症状或排尿症状类型(梗阻性还是刺激性)来预判排尿功能障碍的病因。方法:选择57例脑卒中后主诉排尿障碍的老年男性患者,所有患者均有继发于良性前列腺增生(BPH)的膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)症状。采集病史并行体检,57位患者均实行尿动力学检查,检查结果行A-G图分析并分类为:有梗阻,无梗阻及可疑梗阻。结果:患者平均年龄70岁(54-87),按排尿障碍的主诉类型分组(纯刺激症状42%,纯梗阻症状34%,两者混合24%),其中51例(89%)在脑卒中发生后即出现排尿症状,47(82%)例患者出现逼尿肌反射亢进(DH),在三组患者中无显著统计学差异。压力流率分析显示,36(63%)位患者有出口梗阻,无梗阻14(24%)例,可疑梗阻7(13%)例。在3组患者中亦无显著统计学差异。结论:所有老年男性患者呈现的症状不能预测膀胱出口梗阻或逼尿肌反射亢进的尿动力学结果。中风发生后排尿功能障碍症状的发生率明显升高,表明由脑血管意外引起的排尿功能障碍合并前期具有膀胱出口梗阻疾病时,可能会使后者的症状恶化,反之亦然。     

肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型的建立和评价研究

目的:建立和评价肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型。方法:采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法建立肝旺痰阻的复合证候。通过观察大鼠性情动态的变化及体重、血压及血脂和血管紧张素Ⅱ的变化,对高血压大鼠肝旺痰阻证型进行综合评价。结果:模型组大鼠在性情动态及体重、血压、血脂和血管紧张素Ⅱ等方面均与对照组有较大差异(P<0.05),符合了中医肝旺痰阻证型的表现。结论:采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法,可建立肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠动物模型。     

肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型的建立和评价研究

目的：建立和评价肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠模型。方法：采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法建立肝旺痰阻的复合证候。通过观察大鼠性情动态的变化及体重、血压及血脂和血管紧张素II的变化,对高血压大鼠肝旺痰阻证型进行综合评价。结果：模型组大鼠在性情动态及体重、血压、血脂和血管紧张素II等方面均与对照组有较大差异（P〈0．05）,符合了中医肝旺痰阻证型的表现。结论：采用自发性高血压大鼠,以长期激怒联合高质饮食法,可建立肝旺痰阻型高血压大鼠动物模型。     

ATP synthase of yeast: structural insight into the different inhibitory potencies of two regulatory peptides and identification of a new potential regulator

Quantitative and qualitative alterations of renal oversulfated chondroitin/dermatan sulfates (C/DSs) accompanied by the development of tubulointerstitial nephritis were examined. The rat model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a suitable model for study of renal interstitial fibrosis, and was utilized in the present study. Cortical regions of serial sections of UUO kidney and sham-operated kidney on glass slides were processed using a small surgical knife under dark field microscopy. Oversulfated C/DSs in tissue sections on a glass slide were degraded to unsaturated disaccharides using chondroitinase ABC and ACII digestion in the presence of bacterial collagenase. The resulting unsaturated disaccharides were subsequently determined by HPLC. These in situ investigations yielded the following results: (1) marked increases in oversulfated C/DSs content and decreases in the oversulfation degree of C/DSs were observed in fibrous lesions, compared to non-fibrous lesions, and (2) iduronic acid content in C/DSs in fibrous lesions was significantly lower than that in non-fibrous lesions. These findings indicate that oversulfated C/DSs with low-iduronic acid content represent a potential marker for tubulointerstitial nephritis.