新的生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及应用技术研究

本文通过生物杀虫剂螨虫素对棉花、蔬菜害虫的毒力评价及田间应用研究表明,它对棉朱砂叶螨和菜青虫两种害虫杀伤力最强,其中LC90分别为0．078ppm和0．013ppm。兼有胃毒、触杀作用,残效期较长,分别达13天和9天。田间小区试验认为防治菜青虫和茄朱砂叶螨以2ppm浓度为宜。防治适期为卵孵化初期或低龄幼(若)虫（螨)期,其防效能达90%以上。该药特点用药量低、效果好、无公害、值得推广。     

c-fos expression in the amygdala:In vivo antisense modulation and role in anxiety

Summary 1. The amygdaloid complex is a key structure in mechanisms of fear and anxiety. Expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos has been reported in the central nucleus of the amygdala following various stressors, but the functional role of this phenomenon has remained unknown.2. c-fos expression was observed in the central nucleus when rats were subjected to a pharmacologically validated animal model of anxiety, the Vogel conflict test, but not after mere exposure to the test apparatus. Bilateral amygdala injection of a 15-mer phosphorothioate c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide prior to testing blocked conflict-induced c-fos expression and had behavioral effects similar to those of established antianxiety drugs.3. Separate experiments determined that antisense treatment did not affect conflict behavior by acting on shock thresholds or drinking motivation.4. These findings provide evidence that neuronal activation and c-fos induction in the amygdala may be of importance for mechanisms of fear and anxiety.     

The Eiken Latex test for detection of a cryptococcal antigen in cryptococcosis

A latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen, the Eiken Latex test (Eiken, Tokyo, Japan), was compared with a monoclonal antibody-based agglutination assay, Pastorex^® Cryptococcus (Diagnostics Pasteur, Marneur-la-Coquette, France). In a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis, the kinetics of the antigen titers by the Eiken Latex were similar to those by the Pastorex^® Cryptococcus, but sensitivity was much higher. In HIV-negative patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, a cryptococcal antigen was detected in 6 of 10 patients by the Eiken Latex test and in only 3 of those patients by the Pastorex^® Cryptococcus. The results indicate that the Eiken Latex is more sensitive for the detection of the cryptococcal antigen, even in non-disseminated cryptococcosis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Eiken Latex were examined using 195 sera from 25 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 170 patients with non-cryptococcosis. The cutoff value of 1:8 showed a sensitivity of 76% (19/25) and a specificity of 98.9% (168/170).     

Vanadium levels in urine and cystine levels in fingernails and hair of exposed and normal persons

Vanadium was determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) with proven accuracy in urine of workers occupationally exposed to vanadium-rich dust in a vanadium pentoxide production plant, and values in the range of 3.02–762 ng/mL (median 33.0 ng/mL) were found. In a control group consisting of administrative workers of the plant, urinary vanadium levels were found in the range of 1.05–53.4 ng/mL (median 2.53 ng/mL), whereas in an another control group of occupationally nonexposed persons, these values amounted to 0.066–0.489 ng/mL (median 0.212 ng/mL). Accuracy of the results was tested by analysis of reference material IAEA A-13 Animal Blood and NIST SRM-1515 Apple Leaves, and very good agreement was found with literature and the NIST certified values, respectively. Unlike urine, no significant differences were found for cystine levels in fingernails and hair of exposed and control persons.     

Results and recommendations

In the first phase of a collaborative study by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (PRCS), four coded chemicals, i.e. azidoglycerol (AG, 3-azido-1,2-propanediol), methyl nitrosurea (MNU), sodium azide (NaN₃) and maleic hydrazide (MH), and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a positive control were tested in four plant bioassays, namely the Arabidopsis embryo and chlorophyll mutation assay, the Tradescantia stamen hair assay (Trad-SH assay), the Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trade-MCN), and the Vicia faba root tip assay. Seventeen laboratories from diverse regions of the world participated with four to six laboratories each using one plant assay. For the Arabidopsis assay, laboratories were in agreement with MNU and AG giving positive responses and NaN₃ giving a negative response. With the exception of one laboratory which reported MH as weakly mutagenic, no mutagenic response was reported for MH by the other laboratories. For the Vicia faba assay, all laboratories reported a positive response for MNU, AG, and MH, whereas two of the six laboratories reported a negative response for NaN₃. For the Trad-SH assay, MH was reported as giving a positive response and a positive response was also observed for MNU with the exception of one laboratory. NaN₃, which exhibited a relatively high degree of toxicity, elicited a positive response in three of the five laboratories. AG was found positive in only one of the two laboratories which tested this chemical. For the Trad-MCN assay, MNU and MH were reported as positive by all laboratories, while four out of five laboratories reported NaN₃ to be positive. Only one of three laboratories reported AG to be positive. The major sources of variability were identified and considered to be in the same range as found in similar studies on other test systems. Recommendations were made for minor changes in methodology and for initiating the second phase of this study.     

Effects of the detergent Tween 80 on Thermomonospora curvata

Tween 80 (0.1%, v/v) added to Thermomonospora curvata growing in minimal medium caused a transient lowering of the dry cell mass, decreased the optimal growth temperature of the thermophile from 62 to 54°C, and increased extracellular esterase activity. Cells grown in the presence of Tween 80 had decreased concentrations of branched chain fatty acids and increased concentrations of oleic acid. The detergent removed surface protuberances from mycelia and increased the liberation of enzymes active against crystalline cellulose, but did not stimulate liberation of enzymes active against carboxymethylcellulose, starch or pectin.     

关于吸附精制百日咳菌苗、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂配方的实验报告

本文对吸附精制百白破混合制剂的不同配方进行了实验,结果表明,新一代吸附精制百白破混合制剂最佳配方为：精制百日咳菌苗１８μｇＰＮ／ｍｌ、精制白喉类毒素为３０Ｌｆ／ｍｌ、精制破伤风类毒素为１０Ｌｆ／ｍｌ。由该配方组成的吸附精制百白破混合制剂,其中百日咳菌苗的毒性试验ＢＷＤＵ／ｍｌ、ＬＰＵ／ｍｌ、ＨＳＵ／ｍｌ三种指标均符合制检规程要求。其效力单位（ＩＵ／ｍｌ）超过规程要求一倍以上,精制白喉和破伤风类毒素的安全试验均符合规程要求,白类效力试验≥８０－１００％,破类效力试验≥０．５－４．５ＩＵ／ｍｌ。上述结果说明本文提出的配方作为新一代精制百白破混合制剂的配方是适宜和实用的。     

Partial Resistance to Heterodera avenae in Wheat Lines with the 6M v Chromosome from Aegilops ventricosa

Lines of wheat with the 6M^v chromosome from Aegilops ventricosa display partial resistance to both pathotypes Hal2 and Ha41 of Heterodera avenae. With either pathotype, the effect of this alien chromosome on cyst production, size, and fecundity was expressed in resistance tests. Partial resistance of five 6M^v(6D) substitution lines varied according to the intrinsic cyst-forming capacity of the nematode pathotypes and the recipient germplasms. Such partial resistance can be utilized in wheat breeding lines for integrated management of the cereal cyst nematode.     

Japanese macaque microsatellite PCR primers for paternity testing

Capture and blood sampling in wild primate populations are difficult. For this reason, we need to use DNA extracted from the hair or feces of target animals. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, which amplifies small volumes of DNA, provides an ideal means for studying DNA variations in wild populations. Three sets of PCR primers which amplify highly polymorphic (GT/AC)_n dinucleotide repetitive regions were synthesized from DNA sequences of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). One of the primer pairs detected at least seven alleles in one captive Japanese macaque group. Also, the fathers of four offspring whose mothers had died in a captive group of Japanese macaques were identified. In such cases, the father cannot be determined by the previous DNA fingerprinting method based on the polymorphism of minisatellite DNA. These primers were further tested with some species of the Cercopithecidae, e.g. grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops tantalus) and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). The results obtained suggest that these primers can detect stably inherited polymorphic regions in each species.