Population genetics and breeding system of Tupistra pingbianensis (Liliaceae), a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis, a narrow endemic of South-east Yunnan, China, characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat type. Here genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using AFLP markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical range. High levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level (P₉₉ = 96.012%; H_t = 0.302) and at the population level (P₉₉ = 51.41%; H_s = 0.224). Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected (F_ST = 0.2961; ⍬^嘦= 0.281), which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated, mixed selfing and outcrossing plant species. This result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination experiments. The indirect estimate of gene flow based on ⍬^嘦 was low (N_m = 0.64). Special habitat and its life history traits may play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species. A pollination experiment also fail to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F₁ fruit set, seed weight and germinate rate fitness-traits. Since naturally rare species T. pingbianensis is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history, we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence but not intervention to remain viable.     

开口箭大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育

利用石蜡切片技术,对百合科植物开口箭(Tupistra chinensis Baker)大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育进程进行胚胎学观察分析,以明确开口箭胚胎发育的特征,为百合科植物的研究提供生殖生物学依据。结果表明:(1)开口箭花药具有4个药室,花药壁的发育方式为基本型,由表皮、药室内壁、中层及绒毡层组成;绒毡层发育类型为分泌型,到四分体花药阶段绒毡层细胞开始解体退化,花药成熟时完全消失。(2)花粉母细胞减数分裂为连续型,依次形成二分体、四分体,四分体为左右对称形;成熟花粉为2-细胞花粉,具单萌发沟。(3)子房3室,倒生型胚珠6枚,双珠被,薄珠心;在花部的分化早期,由珠心顶端表皮下方分化出雌性孢原细胞,孢原细胞经过一次平周分裂形成周缘细胞和造孢细胞,造孢细胞发育为大孢子母细胞;大孢子母细胞第一次减数分裂后形成二分体,珠孔端的二分体孢子退化,合点端的二分体孢子继续第二次分裂,形成两个子细胞依次发育为二核胚囊、四核胚囊和八核胚囊;开口箭的胚囊发育类型为葱型。     

弯蕊开口箭中的新甾体配糖体

从百合科植物弯蕊开口箭（Tupistra Hook,f．）的根茎中分离得到4个新的甾体配糖体,分别命名为弯蕊苷（wattoside)B-E(1-4),其中,3个多羟基呋甾型配糖体,另1个为强心苷,经化学降解和光谱分析,其化学结构分别鉴定为：22－0－甲基－25（R,S）,－呋甾烷－1β,3β,4β5β,22ξ,26β－六醇－26－O－β－D－葡萄吡喃糖苷（1）：22－O－甲基－26－O－β－D-葡萄吡喃糖基－25（S）－呋甾烷－5－烯－β,3β,22ξ,26β－甲醇－3－0－[O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基（1－4）]－β－D-半乳吡喃糖苷（2）;22－0－甲基－25（S)-呋甾烷－1β,2β,3β,4β,5β,22,26β－七醇－26－O-β－D－葡萄吡喃糖苷（3）和夹竹桃苷元－3－O－[O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基（1－2）]－α－L－鼠李吡喃糖苷,弯蕊苷E为开口箭属植物中首次分离到的强心苷。     

广西长柱开口箭属(天门冬科)植物小志

该文在野外调查、标本采集、标本查阅与鉴定及文献考证的基础上,订正了广西长柱开口箭属(Tupistra Ker-Gawl.)植物,确定广西目前分布有3种,其中红柱开口箭(Tupistra cardinalis Aver.,N. Tanaka&Son)为中国新记录植物。同时,还详细描述了红柱开口箭的形态特征,并提供广西产长柱开口箭属植物照片和地理分布信息以及国产长柱开口箭属的分类检索表,以资鉴定。     

开口箭属五种植物同工酶酶谱分析

分析了开口箭五种植物过氧化物酶同工酶和可溶性收白谱带,为其种间鉴别提供了分子生物学依据。     

开口箭基因组中微卫星特征分析与分子标记开发

开口箭(Tupistra chinensis Baker)为百合科(Liliaceae)开口箭属(Tupistra Ker-Gawl)多年生草本植物,其野生资源稀少,为中国珍稀药用植物。该研究基于第二代测序技术首次建立了开口箭的基因组文库与微卫星文库,对开口箭的微卫星组成进行了特征分析,开发了开口箭SSR引物一套,并对开口箭及其近缘种进行了PCR扩增与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测。结果表明:(1)通过对开口箭基因组测序与拼接得到23 362条基因序列,检测出微卫星位点1 465个,其中单核苷酸重复最多,二核苷酸重复长度变异最大。(2)所设计的52对微卫星引物中有14对扩增出的条带清晰且多态性丰富,每个位点的复等位基因数(Na)在2~4之间,平均为3.00;多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.336 9~0.785 6,平均为0.546 3。(3)用筛选出13对多态性引物对6个开口箭近缘种,长柱开口箭(Tupistra grandistigma)、筒花开口箭(Tupistra delavayi)、弯蕊开口箭(Tupistra wattii)、剑叶开口箭(Tupistra ensifolia)、吉祥草(Reineckia carnea)和万年青(Rohdea japonica)进行通用性检测,结果大部分引物均能在开口箭的近缘种中成功扩增,通用率较高。该研究所开发的开口箭微卫星分子标记为开展开口箭的遗传多样性研究及种质资源鉴定奠定了基础。     

五种开口箭属植物根状茎中甾体皂甙及甾体皂甙元的初步研究

薄层层析结果显示五种开口箭属植物根状茎中均含有甾体皂甙和甾体皂甙元 ,为开口箭属植物作为甾体药物资源提供了依据。     

开口箭属五种植物叶的组织学研究

采集开口箭属五种植物的新鲜叶片,对其叶片解剖结构特征和叶下表皮细胞微形态进行了研究。