miRNA-191对前列腺癌的增殖、迁移侵袭能力的影响及其机制*

目的:观察miRNA-191对前列腺癌的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并探讨其机制。方法:分别检测4种人前列癌细胞系(PC-3、DU-145、LNCa P、22RU1)及人正常前列腺细胞RWPE-2中miRNA-191的表达水平,并选择前列腺癌细胞系PC-3作为实验对象。将PC-3细胞分为3组:空白对照组(不转染)、miRNA-191 NC组(Inhibitor NC转染PC-3细胞)、miRNA-191 Inhibitor组(miRNA-191 Inhibitor转染PC-3细胞),每组设置3个复孔。采用RT-qPCR法检测PC-3细胞miRNA-191和PLCD1的mRNA表达水平;采用CCK8法检测PC-3细胞增殖水平;采用划痕实验和侵袭实验分别检测PC-3细胞迁移能力和侵袭能力;通过Targetscan靶基因预测网站,筛选PLCD1作为miRNA-191的靶向蛋白,并用双荧光素酶靶标实验验证;采用Western blot法检测PC-3细胞PLCD1的蛋白表达。结果:与RWPE-2细胞相比,人前列癌细胞中miNRA-191的表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05),且miRNA-191的表达水平在PC-3中较其他3种细胞系显著上调(P＜0.05)。抑制miRNA-191的表达水平后,PLCD1表达水平显著升高,PC-3细胞增殖能力受到抑制,迁移和侵袭能力较空白对照组和miRNA-191 NC组显著降低(P＜0.05)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,PLCD1基因是miRNA-191的靶基因。结论:miRNA-191通过靶向PLCD1促进前列腺癌PC-3细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力。     

Heterogeneous genetic invasions of three insecticide resistance mutations in Indo‐Pacific populations of Aedes aegypti (L.)

Nations throughout the Indo‐Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene (Vssc) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target‐site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having a potential additive effect. Of 27 possible genotypes involving these mutations, some allelic combinations are never seen whereas others predominate. Here, five allelic combinations common in Ae. aegypti from the Indo‐Pacific region are described and their geographical distributions investigated using genome‐wide SNP markers. We tested the hypothesis that resistance allele combinations evolved de novo in populations versus the alternative that dispersal of Ae. aegypti between populations facilitated genetic invasions of allele combinations. We used latent factor mixed‐models to detect SNPs throughout the genome that showed structuring in line with resistance allele combinations and compared variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene with genome‐wide variation. Mixed‐models detected an array of SNPs linked to resistance allele combinations, all located within or in close proximity to the Vssc gene. Variation at SNPs within the Vssc gene was structured by resistance profile, whereas genome‐wide SNPs were structured by population. These results demonstrate that alleles near to resistance mutations have been transferred between populations via linked selection. This indicates that genetic invasions have contributed to the widespread occurrence of Vssc allele combinations in Ae. aegypti in the Indo‐Pacific region, pointing to undocumented mosquito invasions between countries.     

福州市公园外来入侵植物初步调查与分析

[目的] 了解福州市公园的外来入侵植物种类组成,分析其原产地及入侵等级等情况,能够为福州外来入侵植物的扩散、防控以及生物多样性保护提供参考依据。[方法] 对福州市4个区49个公园的外来入侵植物种类、原产地、生活型、入侵频度、危害程度（入侵等级）等进行调查和分析。[结果] 在调查的福州市所有公园内均有入侵植物分布,目前有入侵植物66种,隶属25科,其中菊科、豆科、苋科3个科为优势科,共计33种（占50.00%）;从来源上看,大多数原产于美洲,其次是非洲、欧洲、亚洲;以草本植物为主,共有55种（占83.30%）;从入侵频度看,入侵频度超过50%的入侵植物有7种,其中小蓬草的频度最高,为87.76%;从入侵等级来看,其中恶性（1级）入侵植物16种,严重（2级）入侵植物14种,局部（3级）入侵植物12种,一般（4级）入侵植物11种,有待观察类（5级）13种。[结论] 当前福州市公园内的外来植物入侵现象比较严重,应当加强该区域的入侵植物监测与预警,防止入侵植物扩散从而造成重大生态危害。     

Allelopathy and its coevolutionary implications between native and non‐native neighbors of invasive Cynara cardunculus L.

Invasive plants apply new selection pressures on neighbor plant species by different means including allelopathy. Recent evidence shows allelopathy functions as remarkably influential mediator for invaders to be successful in their invaded range. However, few studies have determined whether native and non‐native species co‐occurring with invaders have evolved tolerance to allelopathy. In this study, we conducted germination and growth experiments to evaluate whether co‐occurring native Juncus pallidus and non‐native Lolium rigidum species may evolve tolerance to the allelochemicals induced by Cyanara cardunculus in Australian agricultural fields. The test species were germinated and grown in pots filled with collected invaded and uninvaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus with and without activated carbon (AC). Additionally, a separate experiment was done to differentiate the direct effects of AC on the test species. The soil properties showed invaded rhizosphere soils had higher total phenolic and lower pH compared with uninvaded soils. We found significant reduction of germination percentage and seedling growth in terms of above‐ and belowground biomass, and maximum plant height and root length of native in the invaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus, but little effect on non‐native grass species. Even soil manipulated with AC showed no significant differences in the measured parameters of non‐native except aboveground biomass. Taken together, the results indicate allelochemicals induced by C. cardunculus exert more suppressive effects on native than non‐native linking the coevolved tolerance of those.     

HN1L promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer by up-regulating the expression of HMGB1

Recent reports showed that haematological and neurological expressed 1-like (HN1L) gene participated in tumorigenesis and tumour invasion. However, the expression and role of HN1L in breast cancer remain to be investigated. Here, bioinformatics, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of HN1L in breast cancer. Wound healing, transwell assay, immunofluorescence assay and mass spectrum were used to explore the role and mechanism of HN1L on the migration and invasion of breast cancer, which was confirmed in vivo using a nude mice model. Results showed that HN1L was significantly over-expressed in breast cancer tissues, which was positively correlated with M metastasis of breast cancer patients. Silencing HN1L significantly inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and lung metastasis in nude mice metastasis model of breast cancer. Mechanistically, HN1L interacted with HSPA9 and affected the expression of HMGB1, playing a key role in promoting the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell. These results suggested that HN1L was an appealing drug target for breast cancer.     

CX3CL1 promotes tumour cell by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin in lung cancer

It has been reported that chemokine CX₃CL1 can regulate various tumours by binding to its unique receptor CX₃CR1. However, the effect of CX₃CL1-CX₃CR1 on the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. Here, we showed that CX₃CL1 can further invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 and lung squamous cell carcinoma H520. In addition, Western blot and immunofluorescence test indicated CX₃CL1 up-regulated the phosphorylation level of cortactin, which is a marker of cell pseudopodium. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of c-Src and c-Abl, which are closely related to the regulation of cortactin phosphorylation, are elevated. Nevertheless, the src/abl inhibitor bosutinib and mutations of cortactin phosphorylation site could inhibit the promotion effect of CX₃CL1 on invasion and migration of A549 and H520. Moreover, these results of MTT, Hoechst staining and Western blot suggested that CX₃CL1 had no effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of A549 and H520 in vitro. The effects of CX₃CL1 were also verified by the subcutaneous tumour formation in nude mice, which showed that it could promote proliferation and invasion of A549 in vivo. In summary, our results indicated that CX₃CL1 furthered invasion and migration in lung cancer cells partly via activating cortactin, and CX₃CL1 may be a potential molecule in regulating the migration and invasion of lung cancer.