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61.
Sánchez-Alcázar JA Rodríguez-Hernández A Cordero MD Fernández-Ayala DJ Brea-Calvo G Garcia K Navas P 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2007,12(7):1195-1208
It has recently been shown that the microtubule cytoskeleton is reformed during the execution phase of apoptosis. We demonstrate
that this microtubule reformation occurs in many cell types and under different apoptotic stimuli. We confirm that the apoptotic
microtubule network possesses a novel organization, whose nucleation appears independent of conventional γ-tubulin ring complex
containing structures. Our analysis suggests that microtubules are closely associated with the plasma membrane, forming a
cortical ring or cellular “cocoon”. Concomitantly other components of the cytoskeleton, such as actin and cytokeratins disassemble.
We found that colchicine-mediated disruption of apoptotic microtubule network results in enhanced plasma membrane permeability
and secondary necrosis, suggesting that the reformation of a microtubule cytoskeleton plays an important role in preserving
plasma membrane integrity during apoptosis. Significantly, cells induced to enter apoptosis in the presence of the pan-caspase
inhibitor z-VAD, nevertheless form microtubule-like structures suggesting that microtubule formation is not dependent on caspase
activation. In contrast we found that treatment with EGTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator, prevents apoptotic microtubule
network formation, suggesting that intracellular calcium may play an essential role in the microtubule reformation. We propose
that apoptotic microtubule network is required to maintain plasma membrane integrity during the execution phase of apoptosis.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
62.
Amy E. Howard Jaime C. Fox Kevin C. Slep 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(16):10149-10162
Microtubule-associated proteins regulate microtubule (MT) dynamics spatially and temporally, which is essential for proper formation of the bipolar mitotic spindle. The XMAP215 family is comprised of conserved microtubule-associated proteins that use an array of tubulin-binding tumor overexpressed gene (TOG) domains, consisting of six (A–F) Huntingtin, elongation factor 3, protein phosphatase 2A, target of rapamycin (HEAT) repeats, to robustly increase MT plus-end polymerization rates. Recent work showed that TOG domains have differentially conserved architectures across the array, with implications for position-dependent TOG domain tubulin binding activities and function within the XMAP215 MT polymerization mechanism. Although TOG domains 1, 2, and 4 are well described, structural and mechanistic information characterizing TOG domains 3 and 5 is outstanding. Here, we present the structure and characterization of Drosophila melanogaster Mini spindles (Msps) TOG3. Msps TOG3 has two unique features as follows: the first is a C-terminal tail that stabilizes the ultimate four HEAT repeats (HRs), and the second is a unique architecture in HR B. Structural alignments of TOG3 with other TOG domain structures show that the architecture of TOG3 is most similar to TOG domains 1 and 2 and diverges from TOG4. Docking TOG3 onto recently solved Stu2 TOG1· and TOG2·tubulin complex structures suggests that TOG3 uses similarly conserved tubulin-binding intra-HEAT loop residues to engage α- and β-tubulin. This indicates that TOG3 has maintained a TOG1- and TOG2-like TOG-tubulin binding mode despite structural divergence. The similarity of TOG domains 1–3 and the divergence of TOG4 suggest that a TOG domain array with polarized structural diversity may play a key mechanistic role in XMAP215-dependent MT polymerization activity. 相似文献
63.
Phillip L. Butler Alexander Staruschenko Peter M. Snyder 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(20):12497-12503
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) functions as a pathway for Na+ absorption in the kidney and lung, where it is crucial for Na+ homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. ENaC is regulated in part through signaling pathways that control the ubiquitination state of ENaC lysines. A defect in ubiquitination causes Liddle syndrome, an inherited form of hypertension. Here we determined that α-, β-, and γENaC are also substrates for lysine acetylation. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, enhanced ENaC acetylation and increased ENaC abundance in the total cell lysate and at the cell surface. Moreover, TSA increased ENaC current in Fischer rat thyroid and kidney collecting duct epithelia. We found that HDAC7 is expressed in the kidney collecting duct, supporting a potential role for this histone deacetylase in ENaC regulation. HDAC7 overexpression reduced ENaC abundance and ENaC current, whereas ENaC abundance and current were increased by silencing of HDAC7. ENaC and HDAC7 form a complex, as detected by coimmunoprecipitation. We observed a reciprocal relationship between acetylation and ubiquitination; TSA reduced ENaC ubiquitination, whereas HDAC7 increased ubiquitination. By reducing ENaC ubiquitination, TSA decreased the rate of ENaC degradation. Thus, acetylation increases epithelial Na+ absorption by antagonizing ENaC ubiquitination. This stabilizes ENaC, and hence, increases its abundance at the cell surface. 相似文献
64.
Chia-Chun Yu Shih-Ping Liu Jui-Ling Hsu John TA Hsu Konstantin V Kudryavtsev Jih-Hwa Guh 《Journal of biomedical science》2015,22(1)
Background
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), which is resistant to hormone therapy, is a major obstacle in clinical treatment. An approach to inhibit HRPC growth and ultimately to kill cancers is highly demanded.Results
KUD773 induced the anti-proliferative effect and subsequent apoptosis in PC-3 and DU-145 (two HRPC cell lines); whereas, it showed less active in normal prostate cells. Further examination showed that KUD773 inhibited tubulin polymerization and induced an increase of mitotic phosphoproteins and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) phosphorylation, indicating a mitotic arrest of the cell cycle through an anti-tubulin action. The kinase assay demonstrated that KUD773 inhibited Aurora A activity. KUD773 induced an increase of Cdk1 phosphorylation at Thr161 (a stimulatory phosphorylation site) and a decrease of phosphorylation at Tyr15 (an inhibitory phosphorylation site), suggesting the activation of Cdk1. The data were substantiated by an up-regulation of cyclin B1 (a Cdk1 partner). Furthermore, KUD773 induced the phosphorylation and subsequent down-regulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspase cascades.Conclusions
The data suggest that KUD773 induces apoptotic signaling in a sequential manner. It inhibits tubulin polymerization associated with an anti-Aurora A activity, leading to Cdk1 activation and mitotic arrest of the cell cycle that in turn induces Bcl-2 degradation and a subsequent caspase activation in HRPCs. 相似文献65.
Oxygenated fuel additives can be produced by acetylation of glycerol. A 91% glycerol conversion with a selectivity of 38%, 28% and 34% for mono-, di- and triacetyl glyceride, respectively, was achieved at 120 °C and 3 h of reaction time in the presence of a catalyst derived from activated carbon (AC) treated with sulfuric acid at 85 °C for 4h to introduce acidic functionalities to its surface. The unique catalytic activity of the catalyst, AC-SA5, was attributed to the presence of sulfur containing functional groups on the AC surface, which enhanced the surface interaction between the glycerol molecule and acyl group of the acetic acid. The catalyst was reused in up to four consecutive batch runs and no significant decline of its initial activity was observed. The conversion and selectivity variation during the acetylation is attributed to the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst loading and glycerol to acetic acid molar ratio. 相似文献
66.
Yang YY Yu-Ying Y Grammel M Markus G Hang HC Howard HC 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(17):4976-4979
Proteomic studies have identified a plethora of lysine acetylated proteins in eukaryotes and bacteria. Determining the individual lysine acetyltransferases responsible for each protein acetylation mark is crucial for elucidating the underlying regulatory mechanisms, but has been challenging due to limited biochemical methods. Here, we describe the application of a bioorthogonal chemical proteomics method to profile and identify substrates of individual lysine acetyltransferases. Addition of 4-pentynoyl-coenzyme A, an alkynyl chemical reporter for protein acetylation, to cell extracts, together with purified lysine acetyltransferase p300, enabled the fluorescent profiling and identification of protein substrates via Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. We identified several known protein substrates of the acetyltransferase p300 as well as the lysine residues that were modified. Interestingly, several new candidate p300 substrates and their sites of acetylation were also discovered using this approach. Our results demonstrate that bioorthogonal chemical proteomics allows the rapid substrate identification of individual protein acetyltransferases in vitro. 相似文献
67.
Colchicine is a known tubulin binding agent enabling necrosis in tumors. A novel tubulin-directed DO3A-colchicine conjugate and its Gd(III) complex were prepared from N-deacetylcolchicine, coupling alkaloid and polyaza-alicyclic functions via a peptide coupling methodology. The longitudinal proton relaxivity of the Gd(III) complex in water at 4.7 T is 2.86 mM−1 s−1 and a similar efficacy as colchicine towards ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. 相似文献
68.
Haider S Joseph CG Neidle S Fierke CA Fuchter MJ 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2011,21(7):2129-2132
Biochemical studies reveal that a conserved arginine residue (R37) at the centre of the 14 Å internal cavity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 8 is important for catalysis and acetate affinity. Computational studies indicate that R37 forms multiple hydrogen bonding interactions with the backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms of two conserved glycine residues, G303 and G305, resulting in a ‘closed’ form of the channel. One possible rationale for these data is that water or product (acetate) transit through the catalytically crucial internal channel of HDAC8 is regulated by a gating interaction between G139 and G303 tethered in position by the conserved R37. 相似文献
69.
Yamazaki Y Kido Y Hidaka K Yasui H Kiso Y Yakushiji F Hayashi Y 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2011,19(1):595-602
A new bioactive photoaffinity probe KPU-252-B1 (4) possessing a biotin tag on the oxazole ring of a potent plinabulin derivative KPU-244 (2) was synthesized via the CuI-catalyzed Huisgen’s cycloaddition reaction to understand the precise binding mode of the diketopiperazine-based anti-microtubule agent plinabulin on tubulin. Probe 4 showed significant binding affinity toward tubulin and cytotoxicity against an HT-29 cells. A photoaffinity labeling study suggested that probe 4 specifically recognizes tubulin at a binding site that binds plinabulin or colchicine, most likely near or at the colchicine binding site, which is located at the interfacial region formed by ??-and ??-tubulin association. The results also demonstrated that probe 4 may serve as a useful plinabulin chemical probe to investigate the molecular mechanism by which anti-microtubule diketopiperazine derivatives operate. 相似文献
70.
蛋白质翻译后修饰研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
翻译后修饰在蛋白质加工、成熟的过程中发挥着重要的作用,它可以改变蛋白质的物理、化学性质,影响蛋白质的空间构象、立体位阻及其稳定性,进而对蛋白质的生物学活性产生作用,引起蛋白质的功能改变。修饰基团自身的结构特性对蛋白质的性质、功能也会产生深远的影响。在已有的研究基础上,综述蛋白质翻译后修饰的主要类型以及各修饰作用潜在的生物学功能。 相似文献