栝楼不同性别花芽分化形态解剖特征观察

采用体视显微镜、石蜡切片和树脂切片技术对栝楼(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.)不同性别花芽分化发育时期的外部形态和内部解剖结构进行了观察。结果显示,栝楼花为雌雄异株,仅有雌花、雄花两种性别分化,且雄花的发育速度明显快于雌花的发育速度。栝楼雌雄花芽长0.2 mm左右已完成性别分化;栝楼雄花为单性花,分化过程可分为6个时期,整个发育过程仅见雄蕊原基的分化及生长。栝楼雌花为"两性花",分化过程可分为7个时期,存在雌蕊和雄蕊共同发育阶段,后期雄蕊发育败退。本研究明确了不同性别栝楼花芽发育发生的各个阶段、形态变化特点、外部形态变化特征以及雌雄花芽的分化差异,建立了雌雄花芽内部结构分化与外部形态之间相关性,为栝楼早期幼苗鉴定及性别分化研究提供了一定的参考。     

天花粉凝集素的固定化及其应用

制备了天花粉凝集素ＴＫＬ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ的亲和柱,用来分离其它来源物质中与ＴＫＬ相互作用的糖复合物,发现从兔红细胞的血影细胞的抽提物中可以得到分子量为６２ｋＤ,４０ｋＤ等糖蛋白,这可能就是ＴＫＬ凝集兔红细胞的分子基础。从人及骆驼、绵羊血浆中也能得到与ＴＫＬ结合的、分子量不等的糖蛋白,进一步鉴定人血浆ＴＫＬ结合物中含有α＿１－抗胰蛋白酶等,为从血浆中分离这些糖蛋白提供了较为便利的方法。在寻找天花粉植物体内此凝集素的内源受体时,探讨了它可能的生理功能。     

蛇瓜提取物的抗病毒感染作用和诱生干扰素的活性

本实验证明,在流行性乙型脑炎病毒皮下感染前,给小白鼠注射蛇瓜提取物(简称E.T.a.)有明显的保护作用;在感染后给药,则小白鼠存活天数可明显延长,但其保护作用低。给家兔静脉注射E.T.a.,血清中可测到Ⅰ型干扰素,高峰出现在注射后2小时。经初步鉴定,蛇瓜提取物的有效成份似为某种双链RNA,但需进一步确证。     

不同培养条件对大苞栝楼发根诱导的研究

本文采用发根农杆菌R1000和R1601对大苞栝楼无菌苗子叶和茎进行了发根诱导,通过对影响大苞栝楼发根诱导不同培养条件的研究,建立发根培养体系.实验结果表明当温度控制为25℃、无光条件、活化菌的光密度值OD₆₀₀为0.7、溶液的pH维持在6.0及无2.4-D激素的条件下能够有效地诱导大苞栝楼发根,由发根中农杆碱的检测证明,发根农杆菌中的Ri质粒中T-DNA的在无菌苗中获得了转导,为大苞栝楼发根培养体系的建立奠定基础.     

Biosynthesis and bioactivity of trichosanthin in cultured crown gall tissues of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz

Trichosanthin (TCS) from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maximowicz (T. kirilowii) can be used to treat choriocarcinoma. In this work, we established a novel system to produce TCS in crown gall tissues of T. kirilowii infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 (A. tumefaciens). In the crown gall tissues, a nopaline synthase (NOS) gene of A. tumefaciens was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and nopaline accumulation was confirmed by a high-voltage filter paper electrophoresis. Furthermore, we optimized conditions to culture the crown gall tissues able to grow fast and produce TCS in an auxin-free medium, and found that a fungal elicitor of Armillaria mellea was capable of stimulation of TCS secretion into the medium. Moreover, we identified that the TCS purified from the crown gall tissues could induce gastric cancer cell death. These data underscore the usefulness of our system as an inexpensive and virtually unlimited source of TCS.     

Interactive effects of α-NAA and UV-B radiation on the endogenous hormone contents and growth of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seedlings

The impact of UV-B radiation on endogenous hormones in plants has recently drawn attention from researchers. The mechanism for reduced stem elongation by UV-B might be due to changes in the phytohormone levels, especially IAA, which plays a role in stem elongation. In this study, effects of UV-B radiation on Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim (T. kirilowii) seedlings in greenhouse-grown plants were investigated. The results indicated that: (1) In comparison to controls, exposure to 0.029 Jm^?2 s^?1. UV-B radiation led to accumulation of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatinriboside (ZR) in the plant contents, and decreased contents of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA_1/3). Exposure to UV-B radiation reduced the height and leaf area of plants. As a result, total biomass (plant dry weight) was lower. (2) In comparison to controls, addition of 2 mg l^?1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (α-NAA) slightly increased the contents of IAA, GA_1/3 and ZR, and decreased the content of ABA in leaves. This addition of α-NAA significantly increased plant height and leaf area, but only slightly increased total biomass. (3) Addition of α-NAA to UV-B-exposed plants: increased the content of endogenous IAA, GA_1/3 and ZR; decreased accumulation of endogenous ABA; and increased plant height and leaf area in comparison to plants that only were exposed to UV-B. Moreover, total biomass increased slightly. This suggests that addition of α-NAA may compensate to a certain extent for the lack of IAA resulting from UV-B radiation; it also increases the content of GA_1/3 and ZR, decreases the accumulation of ABA, and promotes the growth of plants.     

藏北那曲地区草地退化动态评价

利用1982—2000年NOAA/AVHRR 第1通道、第2通道和NDVI的旬资料反演得到的藏北那曲地区历年植被覆盖度、年最大牧草鲜质量和6—9月平均改进型土壤调节植被指数,分析了近20年来那曲地区草地荒漠化的动态变化规律.结果表明：以草地荒漠化评价“基准”和5年滑动平均的方法,得到那曲地区近20年平均草地退化面积占土地总面积的43.1%,草地退化面积总体呈减少趋势,其中前10年呈减少趋势,后10年呈增加趋势,西部地区的退化面积大于其它地区.在气温、降水、潜在蒸散、水汽压、风速、日照时数、降水蒸散比和温度降水比8个气候因子中,潜在蒸散量对草地退化面积的影响最显著.     

栝楼子资源的利用及其价值

本文对安徽潜山产栝楼的种子进行了水解氨基酸的含量测定和分析。调查了该地民间食用栝楼子的历史并介绍了栝楼子的加工工艺。     

根癌农杆菌转化桥楼及植株再生

用根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）菌株C58感染栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.）无菌苗诱导冠瘿瘤,获得其冠瘿组织;栝楼冠瘿组织经除菌后能在无激素的MS培养基上良好生长,纸电泳检测结果表明其合成了冠瘿碱,表明Ti质粒转化成功,栝楼冠瘿组织在MS培养基上形成完整植株,移栽后良好生长。     

栝楼属基于核糖体ITS序列的系统发育分析

栝楼属（Trichosanthes）是葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)中一个种类较多、药用价值较大的属。本文基于ITS序列分析了栝楼属16个种的系统发育关系。聚类分析表明：在组的划分上,具有分类争议的截叶组(sect. Truncata)与大苞组(sect. Involucraria)形成一大支,处于一亚分枝位置,不支持独立成组。在属内分类地位上,在核酸水平不支持贵州栝楼(T.guizhouensis)为一独立种,结合形态特征建议并入双边栝楼(T.rosthornii)。大方油栝楼(T.dafangensis)与小苞组(sect. Trichosanthes)成为姊妹群,处于一个向叶苞组(sect. Foliobracteola)过渡位置,结合其形态特征,建议作为小苞组(sect. Trichosanthes)成员。