中国口蘑属种类名录

通过系统的文献收集 ,汇总了口蘑属 (Tricholoma)在中国的 91个名称记录 ,并对其研究现状和分布进行了简述。文献调查结果表明 ,口蘑属种类广泛分布于中国的 2 7个省区 ,其中以黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、贵州、四川、云南、西藏 ,青海、甘肃、河北、山西和陕西等地的报道较多 ,其他地区如台湾、香港、安徽、福建、广东、广西、海南、河南、湖南、湖北、江苏、山东、新疆 ,浙江也有一些报道。根据《国际植物命名法规》和《真菌、地衣汉语学名命名法规》 ,作者订正了中文文献中的一些拉丁和汉语学名 ,同时对形态描述和鉴定等方面的问题也进行了简要的讨论。在已报道的口蘑属名称记录中 ,能够得到承认的本属名称有 43个种和 3个变种 ,属内其他种类名称的异名有 8个 ,而已经转移到其他属的有 3 0个 ,在命名法上模糊不清名称有 3个 ,错拼名称有 2个 ,另有未定名种 2个。目前能够承认的名称是酸涩口蘑 (T .acerbum)、白棕口蘑 (T .albobrunneum)、白口蘑(T .album)、银盖口蘑 (T .argyraceum)、黑鳞口蘑 (T .atrosquamosum)、橙柄口蘑 (T.aurantiipes)、金黄褶口蘑 (T .auratum)、傻松口蘑 (T .bakamatsutake)、欧洲口蘑 (T .caligatum)、灰环口蘑 (T.cingulatum)、银白口蘑 (T .colum betta)、油口蘑 (T .     

松茸的化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展

综述了松茸(Tricholoma matdutake Sing.)的分布、化学成分以及药理作用。     

松茸的活性物质及产品开发现状

松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)是我国珍稀濒危食药用真菌,肉质肥厚、香气宜人、味道鲜美,因有多糖、多肽蛋白、挥发性等多种活性物质,表现出抗肿瘤、抗病毒、调节免疫等药用价值而有"菇中之王"的美称。由于松茸子实体尚未实现规模化生产,限制了其开发利用。从松茸多糖、松茸多肽蛋白、松茸醇等挥发性物质等三种主要活性物质的来源及功能进行了综述,总结现有市场松茸产品开发现状和存在的问题,以期为松茸未来的研究方向提供依据,为松茸的进一步应用开发提供参考。     

枣球蜡蚧雄虫不同发育期的形态特征

采用光学显微镜研究了枣球蜡蚧Eulecaniumgiganteum (Shinji)雄虫在不同发育期的形态特征。结果表明 :该虫雄性完成其生活史需经历初孵若虫、固定若虫、预蛹和蛹、雄成虫 4个阶段。初孵的 1龄若虫为扩散活动期 ,虫体具有发达的单眼、触角和 3对胸足 ,便于寻找寄生场所 ,但泌蜡腺体很少。 1龄后期和 2龄若虫为固定取食期 ,虫体缘毛粗大 ,泌蜡腺体很多 ,蜡泌物在虫体背面堆积成龟背状蜡壳 ,自我保护性很强。预蛹和蛹不再取食 ,虫体隐藏在白色的半透明蜡壳内。与若虫相比 ,体形变化很大 ,预蛹出现翅芽 ,而其它各器官退化 ,眼无 ,触角和足短小且分节不显。到蛹期 ,翅芽、触角和足明显长大 ,并出现感觉毛。成虫期为活动交配期 ,头部出现发达的 5对单眼 ,触角 1 0节 ,密布各种刚毛等感觉器。前翅和足发育完好。     

Identification of ectomycorrhizae formed betweenTricholoma matsutake andPinus densiflora by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting retroelement coding regions

We previously reported that conservation and diversification of repetitive sequences carrying motifs of retroposons have occurred inTricholoma matsutake and related ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes through their evolution. Here we report that the polymerase chain reaction using primers designed to amplify retroelement coding regions specified ectomycorrhizae formed betweenT. matsutake andPinus densiflora.     

Rejuvenation of a 100-year-old Sequoiadendron giganteum through in vitro meristem culture. II. Biochemical arguments

The phenomena of phase change and rejuvenation are characterized mainly by morphological and physiological criteria. Thus far, biochemical assessments have been relatively limited. In Sequoiadendron giganteum , techniques of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and miniaturized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were applied to a meristem-derived line from a 100-year-old tree to attest the basic origin of the resulting rejuvenation observed from morphological and organogenic standpoints in vitro as well as after acclimation in outdoor conditions. The membrane-associated protein J16, which characterizes the juvenile status was detected in both the juvenile control and the rejuvenated line, while in the original mature form it was totally lacking. In addition, two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of protein patterns of single meristems belonging to the mature and the rejuvenated form suggested that rejuvenation might involve a drastic modification of the protein content within the meristem itself.     

Reflection of inside mycorrhizal status in the coloration of mycelial blocks ofTricholoma bakamatsutake

The coloration of mycelial blocks ofTricholoma bakamatsutake was examined in conspicuous colonies of the fungus in the field. Grayish white and gray mycelial blocks contained higher percentages of sounder stages of mycorrhizas and of root tips with attached mycelia of this fungus than dark gray and black ones. The percentage of sounder stages was higher between July and December than in the other months in grayish white mycelial blocks. A survey over time of the grayish white mycelial blocks at 113 points revealed that one point maintained gray after 77 mo.     

Biomechanics and functional anatomy of hollow-stemmed sphenopsids. I. Equisetum giganteum (Equisetaceae)

The hollow stem of Equisetum giganteum owes its mechanical stability to an outer ring of strengthening tissue, which provides stiffness and strength in the longitudinal direction, but also to an inner lining of turgid parenchyma, which lends resistance to local buckling. With a height >2.5 m isolated stems are mechanically unstable. However, in dense stands individual stems support each other by interlacing with their side branches, the typical growth habit of semi-self-supporters.     

独角莲水溶性成分研究

利用硅胶、sephadex LH-20、反相柱层析和制备液相等方法对独角莲水溶性成分进行研究,分离得到4个化合物,其结构经波谱方法和标准品对照鉴定为5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde)(1),腺苷(adenosine)(2),甘露醇(mannitol)(3)和核糖醇(ribitol)(4)。这些化合物均首次在独角莲化学成分研究中报道。