种间竞争对四种储粮害虫种群动态的影响

在30 ℃、75 %相对湿度条件下研究种间竞争对玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha domini-ca)、赤拟谷盗(Triboliumcastaneum)和锈赤扁谷盗(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)4种主要储粮害虫种群动态的影响,并对种群动态进行回归分析。结果表明,玉米象与谷蠹、赤拟谷盗与锈赤扁谷盗混合饲养种群增长均受到显著抑制,玉米象和谷蠹对赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的种群增长具有明显的促进作用,赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对玉米象和谷蠹的种群增长具有一定的抑制作用。回归分析结果表明玉米象种群最大增长潜能最大,锈赤扁谷盗最小,种群增长率变化规律不明显。     

Crinkled employs wingless pathway for wing development in Tribolium castaneum

Crinkled is associated with embryonic denticle formation and auditory organ development in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the functions of Crinkled have not been fully investigated. Additionally, the genes that participate in the Crinkled pathway are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that crinkled exhibits a one‐to‐one orthologous relationship in insects. In Tribolium castaneum, the crinkled gene is 6,498 bp in length and consists of six exons. Crinkled expression peaked during two phases in Tribolium: late embryonic and pupal stages. High levels of crinkled mRNA were detected in the fat body, head, epidermis, ovary, and accessory gland of late adults. Knockdown of crinkled using RNA interference (RNAi) severely affected wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum. We further showed that crinkled silencing reduced forked expression through wingless and shaven‐baby, and RNAi of forked phenocopied the effects of crinkled knockdown in T. castaneum. This study investigated the development role of crinkled in postembryonic stages and indicated that forked mediates the functions of crinkled during wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum.     

近交系BALB/c小鼠及先天遗传性白内障突变型BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹研究

采用人工合成的寡核苷酸探针(GATA)~4|分别与近交系小鼠BALB/c和经10年 30代培育而成的自发突变型近交系先天遗传性白内障BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠进行DNA分杂交,DNA指纹显示:(1)BALB/c小鼠个体之间以及BALB/cBk-C at小鼠个体之间没有差异;(2)BALB/c小鼠与BALB/cBk-Cat小鼠的DNA指纹在23-6kb之间的区域有差异。     

Macromolecular and enzymatic abnormalities induced by a synthetic pyrethroid,Ripcord (Cypermethrin), in adult beetles of a stored grain pest,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The effects of a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, administered as a formulation Ripcord 25EC (emulsified concentrate), to adult beetles of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum, have been studied, with an objective to ascertain its toxicity on enzymes such as carbohydrases, phosphatases, dehydrogenases, aminotransferases, and concentration of various biochemical components such as monosaccharides, glycogen, cholesterol, nucleic acids, urea, total lipids, and total proteins. Almost all the enzymes and biochemical components were sensitive to sublethal doses of Ripcord 25 EC and these effects were found to be dependent on the duration of treatment. All carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (amylase, invertase, lactase, maltase, lactate dehydrogenase) were elevated, except for trehalase, which was also elevated up to day 3 but returned to normal levels subsequently. Phosphatases (alkaline as well as acidic) were increased first and decreased thereafter, while isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased throughout the experimental period. Transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) showed a decreasing trend. Of the other biochemical components tested, glucose content decreased during the first 3 days but increased subsequently. Fructose content showed an increase, while the glycogen content decreased throughout the study. Total lipid content was not disturbed up to day 3 but increased thereafter. Cholesterol content was depleted by day 7. Total proteins started decreasing from day 3 onwards, while soluble proteins were not affected. DNA, RNA, and urea contents exhibited elevated levels, while uric acid showed a decreasing trend. Sublethal doses of Ripcord, therefore, resulted in extensive enzyme induction, and utilization of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, in the given order, perhaps to produce extra energy to combat insecticidal stress. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 39:144–154, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

七种糕点对赤拟谷盗(鞘翅目：拟步甲科)感染的抗性（英文）

Biscuits are flour-based products,which areconsumed by majority of people,both old and young,throughout the world and most especially by children,teenagers and mid-adults(Majumder,1970).It can beserved as a desert or snacks and as a breakfast foodwhentaken with beverages.Its ready-to-serve state andlong shelf life contribute to its acceptability by themasses.Wheat as humanfoodis used principallyintheformof flour for baked products such as bread,bis-cuits,pastries and crackers(Kent,1983).In th…     

Parasitism by the mite Acarophenax lacunatus on beetle pests of stored products

Recent reports of the biocontrolpotential of the mite species Acarophenaxlacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata:Acarophenacidae) and the lack of biologicalstudies on this regulatory agent led to thepresent study carried out under laboratoryconditions. The objective of the investigationwas to assess the host range of A. lacunatus,so far only reported as egg parasite ofRhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera:Bostrichidae). Four Coleoptera species ofstored cereals were used: R. dominica,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebrionidae),Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens)(Laemophloeidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Cucujidae). The highest rates of eggparasitism were observed on R. dominica and T.castaneum, leading to a significant decrease ofpopulations of both species and reduced wheatweight loss. A. lacunatus was also able toparasitize eggs of C. ferrugineus, but not ofO. surinamensis. These results indicate abroader host range of A. lacunatus thaninitially suspected and also strengthen itspossibility of use in integrated pestmanagement programs in storage environments.     

球孢白僵菌九个菌株对赤拟谷盗成虫的毒效（英文）

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin是最重要的昆虫病原真菌, 广泛用于防治世界各地的多种害虫。本研究评价了球孢白僵菌9个菌株对赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)成虫的致病性。将15头赤拟谷盗成虫浸入到4个浓度 (1×10⁶, 1×10⁷, 1×10⁸ 和 1×10⁹ 个分生孢子/mL)的白僵菌菌株中 20 s, 14 d内每日记录成虫的死亡率。结果表明： IRAN 440C菌株对赤拟谷盗成虫的LC₅₀最低 (5.04×10⁷ 个分生孢子/mL), IRAN 187C菌株的最高(5.05×10⁸ 个分生孢子/mL); DEBI 005菌株对赤拟谷盗成虫的LT₅₀最短(2.88 d), DEBI 014菌株的最长(4.96 d)。根据LC₅₀, LT₅₀和死亡率结果得出IRAN 440C是防治这一害虫的理想菌株。