Maintaining Resources for Traditional Medicine: A Global Overview and a Case Study from Buganda (Uganda)

 Presentations at a session of the 13th Congress of the International Society for Ethnobiology (ISE, May 2012) provided a global overview of ‘maintaining resources for traditional medicine’. Two themes received special attention, transmission of traditional medical knowledge and conservation of medicinal plants. The consensus at the well attended session was that traditional medicine can play a useful role in primary healthcare, including for chronic complaints and spiritual problems. However, the use of traditional medicine is declining in many places. Some practical efforts at maintaining resources for traditional medicine are described. A case study for Buganda (Uganda), given in greater detail, shows that progress in maintaining resources for traditional medicine can be impeded by forces not directly related to its intrinsic merits. The value of making efforts to maintain resources for traditional medicine is discussed in relation to its contribution to biocultural conservation, much needed today to counter balance the homogenising and ecologically destabilising influences of globalisation.     

胸腔镜与传统手术方法对非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效

目的:比较电视胸腔镜手术与传统手术方法对非小细胞肺癌治疗的临床效果.方法:选择2010年5月至2012年6月本院收治的非小细胞肺癌患者84例,随机分为VATS组和OT组,各42例,VATS组行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术;OT组行传统开胸肺叶切除术.比较两组患者手术时间、淋巴结清扫数、术中出血量、术后引流时间、住院天数、术后疼痛和并发症发生情况,观察并比较两组患者术后3d血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平.结果:VATS组术后引流时间、住院时间明显短于OT组(P＜0.05);两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数、术中出血量及并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);VATS组术后1d、3d疼痛评分明显低于OT组(P＜0.05);VATS组术后3d血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平明显低于OT组(P＜0.05).结论:与传统手术相比,电视胸腔镜手术对患者创伤较小,患者术后炎症反应较低,痛苦较小,可作为非小细胞肺癌的推荐手术方式.     

腹腔镜胆囊摘除术与传统开腹手术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效对比

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊摘除术与传统开腹手术在急性胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2013年3月至2014年3月期间收治的急性胆囊炎患者100例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组50例。对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,实验组采用腹腔镜胆囊摘除术(LC)治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、临床疗效、住院时间、胃肠道恢复情况及术后并发症的发生率等。结果:与对照组比较,实验组患者术中出血量少、手术时间短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者术后肠道功能恢复时间及下床活动时间均较早,且住院时间较短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组总有效率(94.0%)高于对照组(82.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者不良反应发生率(24.0%)低于对照组(52.0%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊摘除术对于改善急性胆囊炎患者的治疗效果具有积极作用,出血少损伤小,术后恢复好,适于在临床上进一步推广和应用。     

有氧康复运动联合中药对脑瘫患儿血清NSE、EF-1、1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 的影响

目的:探讨有氧康复运动联合中药口服对脑瘫患儿血清NSE、EF-1、1,25-二羟维生素D3水平变化的影响及临床意义。方法:选取我院收治的脑瘫患儿80例,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组及实验组,对照组予以常规内科治疗及康复锻炼,实验组予以有氧康复联合中药口服治疗。比较各组患儿治疗前后糖化分解烯醇酶NSE、内皮素EF-1、1,25-二羟维生素D3、食欲、排便、面色、体质、淀粉酶等水平变换情况。结果:实验组NSE及EF-1水平低于对照组(P0.05),实验组1,25-二羟维生素D3及微量元素、淀粉酶、体质体征水平高于对照组,其结果均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有氧康复运动联合健脾益气的中药汤药口服可降低脑瘫患儿血清NSE及EF-1间接促进神经系统恢复,且加速1.25-二羟Vit D3合成效率,促进患儿对营养物质的吸收及代谢,治疗小儿脑瘫临床疗效理想。     

Potential role of metabolomics in the improvement of research on traditional African medicine

The global market for herbal medicine is growing steadily. The usage of herbal medicine is particularly common in many parts of Africa; the World Health Organization estimates that approximately 80% of Africans rely on traditional African medicines (TAMs) for treating various diseases. TAMs hold promise in preventive treatment, early disease intervention and personalized medicine. However, clinical integration of TAMs is restricted due to limited information concerning their characterization. Presently, many studies on TAMs utilize a reductionist approach, making it extremely difficult to understand the holistic modifying effects that these therapeutic agents may have on biological systems. Fortunately, emerging technologies such as metabolomics platforms adopt a ⿿top-down⿿ strategy that permits a holistic evaluation of the components, metabolic pathways and biomarkers modified by TAMs, which can aid in addressing common concerns over safety and toxicity, while also ensuring that quality control standards are met. Metabolomics approaches may also be beneficial for advancing our understanding of the efficacy and mechanism of action of TAMs, and may contribute to the advancement of research and drug discovery, early diagnosis, preventive treatment and TAMs-driven personalized medicine in Africa. This review also considers the main challenges that may hinder the adoption and integration of metabolomics approaches in research on TAMs in Africa and suggests possible solutions.     

中药治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)指排除酒精和其他明确的损肝因素所致的肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征。目前,该病的发病机制错综复杂,西药尚缺乏治该病的特效药,主要是运用调节血脂的药物作为辅助治疗。中药在治疗NAFLD方面具有安全、毒副作用低等优势,近年来对中药治疗NAFLD的研究也越来越多。在梳理了国内外治疗NAFLD成果的基础上,本文分别从单味中药、复方中药等方面详细阐述中药治疗NAFLD的现状,旨在为NAFLD的临床治疗提供参考。     

头孢地嗪联合局部中药外敷对老年附睾炎患者降钙素原及白介素-6 水 平的影响及其临床疗效

目的:探讨头孢地嗪联合局部中药外敷对老年附睾炎患者降钙素原,白介素-6及临床疗效的影响。方法:收集我院治疗的64例老年附睾炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组32例。对照组患者给予头孢地嗪钠注射液治疗,实验患者在对照组基础上给予中药外敷治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肿块大小、血清IL-6及PCT水平变化以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者附睾肿块缩小,血清IL-6及PCT水平下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后附睾肿块较小,血清IL-6及PCT水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者临床治疗有效率较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:头孢地嗪联合局部中药外敷能够降低附睾肿块大小、血清IL-6以及PCT水平,临床疗效较好,对临床有指导意义。     

冬虫夏草产业化实践和思考

冬虫夏草产业化是众多企业及研究人员关注的热点。本论文基于人工繁育实践,结合相关报道,阐述冬虫夏草产业化现状及存在的问题,旨在展示冬虫夏草人工繁育研究成果,为实现冬虫夏草产业化发展提供思路和参考。     

难治性急性白血病研究现状与进展

难治性急性白血病治疗反应差,诱导缓解率低,复发率高,生存期短,因而是白血病治疗中的难题。本文从难治性急性白血病诊断标准与免疫学、细胞遗传学及分子生物学特征,多药耐药与难治性白血病,难治性急性白血病治疗现状以及治疗展望五大方面阐述了难治性急性白血病研究现状与进展。基础与初步临床研究显示中药配合化疗能够提高难治性急性白血病围化疗期临床缓解率。认为中药在提高难治性白血病临床疗效方面具有潜在临床应用前景和开发的商业价值,值得进行深入研究。     

骨折电流疗法的改良

目的:针对电流治疗骨折等疾病时存在的问题,提出相应的改进方法。方法:分析以往使用电流对骨折等疾病进行治疗时存在的电化学副作用、创口易于感染、重复施术不便等问题,提出相应的诸如使用溶液导电、隔离电解物、使电极与创口闭合生长等改进方法;并提出将电流治疗与药物治疗相结合的骨科疾病电流疗法改良方案。结果:将电流与药物相结合治疗骨折等疾病是很有可行性的治疗方法,本法不仅克服了已往疗法存在的一些问题,还为骨伤药物直接进入病患部位提供了有效的平台,使骨折、骨不连等疾病能够快速愈合。今后应加强研究骨折愈合各阶段所需的直接注射药物及其配比。完善电流—药物复合电极使用方法,以便与本法尽快进入临床实践。结论:将电流与药物相结合治疗骨折等疾病是很有可行性的治疗方法。