rhBMP-2诱导异位软骨修复重建兔气管缺损的实验研究

目的：探讨重组人骨形成蛋白-2（rhBMP-2）作为激活物诱导异位软骨修复并重建免气管缺损的可行性。方法：取24只新西兰大白兔,制备气管前壁软骨1／3缺损模型。随机分为A、B组,每组12只,A组为实验组,在气管缺损处前壁颈前肌肉修补,多点注射rhBMP-2;B组于气管软骨缺损部位直接颈前肌群修补。术后观察动物一般情况,于4、8、12周取材进行大体观察、HE染色观察重建区域情况。结果：术后A组动物均存活至实验完成,B组因气道感染及气道分泌物堵管潴留致使实验兔死亡,其余动物出现皮下气肿,呼吸不畅等情况。组织学观察A组有明显的新生软骨细胞及少量软骨样组织,可见结缔组织包绕,周围肌肉组织完整,排列整齐,未见明显坏死组织,有少量淋巴细胞浸润。B组未见软骨组织生成,可见大量肉芽组织增生,结缔组织排列紊乱,伴少量坏死组织,大量淋巴浸润。结论：rhBMP-2可通过注射到颈前肌肉修补肌群中诱导软骨细胞和软骨样组织生成,减轻炎症反应,联合颈前肌瓣修复重建气管缺损能充分维持修复重建后的气道形态,具有减少术后皮下气肿、气管狭窄的作用,有望用于临床修复重建气管纽织缺损。     

预防性应用不同剂量羟考酮对腹腔镜胆囊手术拔管期应激反应的影响

目的:探讨预防性应用不同剂量羟考酮对腹腔镜胆囊手术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)拔管期应激反应的影响。方法:将75例接受LC的患者随机分为低、中、高剂量组,每组均25例。术毕15 min,低、中、高剂量组分别预防性静脉注射盐酸羟考酮0.1 mg/kg、0.15 mg/kg、0.2 mg/kg。比较各组拔管前(T_1)、拔管时(T_2)、拔管后5 min(T_3)、拔管后10 min(T_4)、拔管后30 min(T_5)血流动力学改变、麻醉苏醒时间、拔管情况及不良反应的发生情况。结果:与T_1时刻比较,各组T_2时刻收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、心率(heart rate,HR)均明显升高(P0.05),但中、高剂量组T_3时刻后SBP、DBP、HR均显著下降,恢复至T_1时刻水平(P0.05),各指标水平明显低于低剂量组(P0.05)。中剂量组与高剂量组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。随着剂量羟考酮的增加,患者苏醒时间、拔管时间逐渐延长(P0.05);中、高剂量组拔管质量评分显著低于低剂量组(P0.05),而中、高剂量组间拔管质量评分比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。高剂量组恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制的发生率明显高于低剂量组,中、高剂量组追加镇痛药物的比例明显低于低剂量组(P0.05)。结论:预防性使用羟考酮可不同程度抑制LC术后拔管期应激反应,0.15 mg/kg羟考酮能够更好地维持患者血流动力学的稳定,促进患者早期苏醒,且安全性较高。     

三维CT在气管狭窄诊断中的应用

目的:我们检测三维CT在气管狭窄的诊断中的作用和纤维支气管镜相比较,用以帮助临床胸外科医生判断气管结构的解剖学特征。方法:对怀疑气管狭窄的患者64例及20例正常病例检查螺旋CT,其中52例发现腔内新生物造成狭窄,另外12例为外伤后狭窄,应用多平面重建(MPR)、容积重建技术(VRT)、仿真内镜(VE)等技术进行影像的后处理,结果与纤维支气管镜结果相比较。两名放射科医生双盲对照检测并描述了三维CT检查对气管狭窄位置及狭窄程度诊断的精确性。结果:影像形式的检测显示与软性纤维支气管镜结果相同的狭窄,并能够获得关于狭窄的精确的和非侵袭性的形态学上的特征描述,还能够获得疾病腔外范围的额外信息。支气管镜检测结果和多平面重建(MPR)、容积重建技术(VRT)、仿真内镜(VE)的检测结果之间无显著统计学差异(P值分别为0.715,0.413和0.417)。结论:三维CT对于气管来说和传统支气管镜相比能够提供一个高保真度、非侵袭、可再生的评价。他们在高等级气管狭窄的远端开放气道的评价方面具有重要作用,对于无法耐受传统支气管镜的患者是一个可靠的选择。     

Profiling CD antigens on leukaemias with an antibody microarray

Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are defined when a surface molecule found on some members of a standard panel of human cells reacts with at least one novel antibody, and there is good accompanying molecular data. Monoclonal antibodies to surface CD antigens on leukocytes have been used for flow cytometry, and more recently to construct microarrays that capture live cells. These DotScan^TM microarrays enable the rapid and highly parallel characterization of repertoires of CD antigens whose expression patterns may be correlated with discrete leukaemia subtypes, or used to define biomarker ‘signatures’ for non-hematological diseases. DotScan^TM with fluorescence multiplexing enables profiling of CD antigens for minor subsets of cells, such as colorectal cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from a surgical sample.     

旋割法制备气管螺旋条评价

目的通过改进螺旋剪法建立制备气管螺旋条的旋割法。方法 40只豚鼠,用旋割法和螺旋剪法制备离体豚鼠气管螺旋条,在Kreb＇s液中平衡孵育2 h后,以组胺histamine（浴槽浓度2.0×10-3g/L）和乙酰胆碱acetylcholine（浴槽浓度2.0×10-4g/L）引发气管螺旋条收缩,用BL420生物信号采集系统与张力传感器测定标本张力变化值。数据采用SPSS11.5软件在α=0.05的信度下进行t检验。结果 2 g负荷下,旋割法标本histamine引发收缩幅度是螺旋剪法制备标本的1.31倍,乙酰胆碱引发收缩幅度旋割法是螺旋剪法制备标本的1.208倍,经t检验,P〈0.05,差异均具有显著性;旋割法标本,histamine引发2 g负荷标本收缩幅度是1 g负荷的1.48倍,乙酰胆碱引发2 g负荷标本的收缩幅度是1 g负荷的1.38倍,经t检验,P〈0.05,差异均具有显著性;旋割法标本经hista-mine或acetylcholine激发收缩,洗净药物重复激发6次收缩幅度的RSD值分别为19.8%和19.1%,螺旋剪法标本经histamine或acetylcholine 6次重复引发诱发收缩幅度的RSD值分别35.3%和33.7%。结论与螺旋剪法制备气管螺旋条标本比较,旋割法制备螺旋条标本对收缩诱导剂histamine与acetylcholine的敏感性高,标本负荷以2 g较好,旋割法标本重复利用收缩幅度变化值较螺旋剪法标本小。     

Expression and localization of clathrin heavy chain in Drosophila melanogaster

Clathrin-coated vesicles mediate cellular endocytosis of nutrients and molecules that are involved in a variety of biological processes. Basic components of the vesicle coat are clathrin heavy chain (Chc) and clathrin light chain molecules. In Drosophila melanogaster the chc gene function has been analyzed in a number of previous studies mainly using genetic approaches. However, the chc mRNA and protein expression patterns have not been studied systematically. We have generated an antibody that specifically recognizes Chc and we have analyzed chc RNA and protein expression patterns throughout embryonic and larval stages. We found that chc mRNA and protein are highly expressed from early stages of embryogenesis onwards, consistent with genetic studies predicting a maternal contribution of the gene function. During subsequent stages mRNA and protein are co-expressed in all embryonic cells; however we found an up-regulation in specific tissues including the gut, the salivary glands, tracheal system and the epidermis. In addition the central nervous system and the nephrocyte-like garland cells show strong Chc expression at late embryogenesis. In larvae Chc is highly expressed in garland cells, imaginal discs, fat body, salivary glands and the ring gland. Subcellularly, we found Chc protein in a vesicle-like pattern within the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane. Co-labeling studies show that Chc is partially in contact with the trans-Golgi network and co-localizes with markers for early endocytosis. Together, the antibody may serve as a new tool to study the function of Chc in clathrin-dependent cellular processes, such as endocytosis.     

世界鹤类系统检索

本文把全世界的15种鹤,加以全面的系统检索。对鹤类不仅从其外观形态特征,而且从比较解剖及声调等,进行检索。这样做,认为还是首次的。     

Fine Needle Aspiration of Breast Carcinoma In A Fibroadenoma

A case of concurrent carcinoma of the breast with a fibroadenoma in a 59-year-old woman is described. The diagnosis was made on fine needle aspiration cytology. Despite the rarity of such a lesion, it is felt that a cytological diagnosis of this lesion from a fine needle aspirate specimen is possible.     

Expression of plgR in the tracheal mucosa of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (plgR) are key participants in the formation and secretion of secretory IgA (S-IgA),which is critical for the prevention of microbial infection and colonization in the respiratory system.Although increased respiratory colonization and infections are common in HIV/AIDS,little is known about the expression of plgR in the airway mucosa of these patients.To address this,the expression levels of plgR in the tracheal mucosa and lungs of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques were examined by real-time RT-PCR and confocal microscopy.We found that the levels of both PIGR mRNA and plgR immunoreactivity were lower in the tracheal mucosa of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques than that in non-infected rhesus macaques,and the difference in plgR immunoreactivity was statistically significant.IL-17A,which enhances plgR expression,was also changed in the same direction as that of plgR.In contrast to changes in the tracheal mucosa,plgR and IL-17A levels were higher in the lungs of infected rhesus macaques.These results indicated abnormal plgR expression in SHIV/SIV,and by extension HIV infections,which might partially result from IL-17A alterations and might contribute to the increased microbial colonization and infection related to pulmonary complications in HIV/AIDS.