全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1206篇 |
免费 | 48篇 |
国内免费 | 88篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 28篇 |
2014年 | 44篇 |
2013年 | 95篇 |
2012年 | 45篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 60篇 |
2006年 | 74篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 46篇 |
2003年 | 50篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 30篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 48篇 |
1994年 | 32篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1342条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Functional analysis of barley RAC/ROP G-protein family members in susceptibility to the powdery mildew fungus 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Schultheiss H Dechert C Kogel KH Hückelhoven R 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2003,36(5):589-601
Small monomeric G-proteins of the plant ras (rat sarcome oncogene product) related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (RAC)/Rho of plants (ROP) family are molecular switches in signal transduction of many cellular processes. RAC/ROPs regulate hormone effects, subcellular gradients of Ca2+, the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Therefore, we followed a genetic bottom-up strategy to study the role of these proteins during the interaction of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the fungal biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). We identified six barley RAC/ROP proteins and studied their gene expression. Five out of six Rac/Rop genes were expressed constitutively in the leaf epidermis, which is the site of interaction with Bgh. None of the genes showed enhancement of mRNA abundance after inoculation with Bgh. After microprojectile mediated transformation of single barley epidermal cells with constitutively activated mutant RAC/ROP proteins, we found an RAC/ROP-specific enhancement of pathogen accessibility, tagging HvRACB, HvRAC3 and HvROP6 as host proteins potentially involved in the establishment of susceptibility to Bgh. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of green fluorescent protein (GFP):HvRAC/ROP-transformed cells revealed varying strengths of plasma membrane association of barley RAC/ROPs. The C-terminal CAAX motif for presumable prenylation or the C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR), respectively, were required for membrane association of the RAC/ROPs. Proper intracellular localisation was essential for HvRACB and HvRAC3 function. Together, our data support the view that different paths of host signal transduction via RAC/ROP G-proteins are involved in processes supporting parasitic entry into epidermal host cells. 相似文献
92.
In glasshouse tests, sap from plants infected with 15 different isolates of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) from three Australian states was inoculated to nine genotypes of tomato carrying TSWV resistance gene Sw-5 or one of its alleles. A further two resistant tomato genotypes were inoculated with four isolates each. The normal response in resistant genotypes was development of necrotic local lesions in inoculated leaves without systemic invasion, but 22/752 plants also developed systemic reactions in addition to local hypersensitive ones. Using cultures from two of these systemically infected plants and following four cycles of subculture in TSWV resistant tomato plants, two isolates were obtained that gave susceptible type systemic reactions but no necrotic spots in inoculated leaves of resistant tomatoes. When these two isolates, DaWA-1d and ToTAS-1d, were maintained by repeated subculture for 10 successive cycles in Nicotiana glutinosa or a susceptible tomato genotype, they still induced susceptible type systemic reactions when inoculated to resistant tomato plants. They were therefore stable resistance breaking isolates as regards overcoming gene Sw-5. When resistance-breaking isolate DaWA-1ld multiplied together with original isolate DaWA-l in susceptible tomato, it was fully competitive with the original isolate. However, when DaWA-ld and ToTAS-ld were inoculated to TSWV resistant Lycopersicon peruvianum lines PI 128660R and PI 128660S and to TSWV resistant Capsicum chinense lines PI 152225, PI 159236 and AVRDC CO0943, they failed to overcome the resistance, producing only necrotic local lesions without systemic infection. Thus, although the ease of selection, stability and competitive ability of resistance breaking isolates of TSWV is cause for concern, L. peruvianum and C. chinense lines are available which are effective against them. The effectiveness of the resistance to TSWV in nine tomato genotypes was examined in a field experiment. Spread was substantial in the susceptible control genotype infecting 42% of plants. Resistance was ineffective in cv. Bronze Rebel, 26% of plants developing infection. In contrast, it held up well in the other eight resistant genotypes with only 1–3 or no plants of each becoming infected. Accumulated numbers of Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis and F. schultzei were closely correlated with TSWV spread. 相似文献
93.
Accumulation of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins localised in intercellular spaces of barley primary leaves, chlorophyll
content, structure of chloroplasts, and photosynthesis were examined during natural and in vitro induced leaf senescence (cultivation
of whole plants in the dark or detached leaves under nutrient deficiency). Some of PR proteins accumulated during natural
senescence, but their accumulation pattern was different from those of pathogen-induced as well as during in vitro-induced
senescence, which indicate different molecular bases of these processes. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content indicate
that natural senescence of barley primary leaves began from 15th day after sowing. In 35-d-old first leaves, the chloroplasts
showed typical characteristics of senescence as significant decrease of size, greater grana, and prominent plastoglobuli.
The chloroplasts contained more grana under in vitro induced senescence and they had reduced length in the dark. Correspondingly,
accumulation of PR proteins was detectable on about the 15th day but the content of some PR proteins increased in later stages
of senescence.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
94.
番茄抗病基因Cf9的3′UTR区含有内含子序列 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从番茄(LycopersiconesculentumMil.)抗病品种“中杂9号”基因组DNA中扩增并克隆了番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf9。序列分析结果表明,该基因全长2751bp,含有一个编码863个氨基酸的开放阅读框架。在该基因的3′UTR区发现了一段未曾报道的内含子序列,长115bp,它所处的位置与番茄另一个抗叶霉病基因Cf2内含子的位置相似,其5′和3′边界序列为一重复序列,TCCAGG(T)ATTC,并与Cf2基因内含子边界序列高度同源。与已报道的Cf9的cDNA序列相比,它的第371位的核苷酸T突变成了C,从而使其编码蛋白的LRR区第121位的亮氨酸突变为脯氨酸。 相似文献
95.
M. M. M. Miranda M. Pican o J. C. Zanuncio R. N. c. Guedes 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》1998,8(4):597-606
An ecological life table was constructed, aiming to determine the critical stages and key mortality factors of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The total population mortality of this tomato leafminer was 92.3%. During the egg stage the mortality was 58.7%, mainly due to egg inviability. A total of 8.6% egg parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and 5.0% egg predation by Xylocoris sp. (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and members of the family Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) was observed. The mortality of the larval stage was 33.0%. This was considered to be the critical stage as it showed the highest apparent mortality (79.8%). Larval parasitism was low (0.1%), and was only found with Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Predators were responsible for 79.4% of larval mortality. Therefore, their attraction to and maintenance in the target area are important management tactics to be considered for T. absoluta control. The first and second instars were considered to be the most critical, and predation by the above mentioned species was the key mortality factor. The mortality at the pupal stage was low (0.6%) and was due to malformation. 相似文献
96.
Identification of a QTL decreasing yield in barley linked to Mlo powdery mildew resistance 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Thomas W.T.B. Baird E. Fuller J.D. Lawrence P. Young G.R. Russell J. Ramsay L. Waugh R. Powell W. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1998,4(5):381-393
A molecular marker map, including Mlo mildew resistance, of the spring barley cross Derkado (Mlo-resistant) × B83-12/21/5 (Mlo-susceptible) was scanned for yield QTLs to determine whether the association of Mlo resistance with reduced yield was due to linkage or pleiotropy. Over the mapped portion of the genome of the cross, the QTL with the greatest effect upon yield was located within a 22 cM region between mlo and the simple sequence repeat HVM67 on chromosome 4(4H). The association of Mlo resistance with lower yield was therefore due to a repulsion linkage. Analysis of yield component characters revealed QTL alleles for reduced grain number and earlier heading date in the same region, also associated with Mlo resistance. Genotyping of a range of cultivars and sources of Mlo resistance with the HVM67 simple sequence repeat showed that the Derkado HVM67 allele was rare as it was found only in one other cultivar and four land-races or sources of disease resistance. Grannenlose Zweizeilige, the source, and Salome, the carrier of Mlo resistance in Derkado, have the same HVM67 genotype, although Salome was a mixture of two genotypes. The entire mlo-HVM67 chromosomal segment from Grannenlose Zweizeilige is therefore thought to have been transmitted to Derkado, possibly through joint selection for Mlo resistance and early heading. L92, synonym EP79, was another source of Mlo resistance with the same HVM67 allele as Derkado but recombination must have occurred during the breeding of Atem as it possesses a different HVM67 allele which is present in all the other Mlo sources and cultivars surveyed. Abbreviations: GN, grains per main stem ear; HD, heading date; MSTGW, thousand grain weight derived from GN and MSY; MSY, yield of grain on the main stem; PY, yield of grain from the whole plot; sCIM, simplified compound interval mapping; SIM, simple interval mapping; SPY, single plant yield; S-SAP, sequence-specific amplification polymorphism; TGW, thousand grain weight derived from bulk of plot seed; TN, number of fertile stems per plant. 相似文献
97.
《Fungal Ecology》2015
The effect of the systemic seed-borne endophyte Epichloë gansuensis on the colonization by Blumeria graminis, the cause of powdery mildew disease, and the growth of the host grass Achnatherum inebrians, was studied under four soil water conditions. Infection incidence, disease lesion parameters, disease index, biomass production and growth parameters of the grass with and without the fungal endophyte were measured and counted after a period of disease. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher disease incidence and disease index for endophyte-free (E−) compared to endophyte-infected (E+) plants under different drought stresses. The presence of the endophyte significantly positively affected all of the host grass growth factors. The results of the present study demonstrate that the presence of the Epichloë endophyte reduced the ability of B. graminis to colonise A. inebrians and also conferred enhanced host plant growth at all soil water conditions tested. 相似文献
98.
A. Dreiseitl 《The Annals of applied biology》2014,165(3):364-372
Hosts and pathogens have adapted their response to each other through genetic changes that have arisen during the course of their co‐evolution. In developed countries the longevity of varieties is often short; new varieties frequently possess novel genes with specific resistance to pathogens. The latter must adapt to the resistance genes to maintain pathogenicity. To study this adaptation, 50 Central European and 50 Australian isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) were tested on 50 barley differential varieties with different specific resistance genes. All the Central European isolates differed from each other in their virulence combinations and belonged to 50 various pathotypes, whereas Australian isolates comprised 37 pathotypes. None of the pathotypes detected in Central Europe was identical or similar to any of those in Australia. This can be attributed to the much higher number of virulences in Central European isolates that developed over a long period of contact with a range of host varieties containing specific resistance genes. This has led to a gradual divergence of the Australian and the European Bgh populations. In Europe, unlike Australia, new specific resistance genes are still widely used in breeding barley varieties and the divergence of both populations will continue. 相似文献
99.
100.
Henryk Pospieszny Marta Budziszewska Beata Hasiów‐Jaroszewska Aleksandra Obrępalska‐Stęplowska Natasza Borodynko 《Journal of Phytopathology》2010,158(1):56-62
Three isolates of Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) were found in Poland. The isolates were characterized on the basis of their symptomatology on plant species, serological reactions, electron microscopy, and nucleotide and amino acid sequence analyses of coat protein subunit genes. In comparative tests, the Polish ToTV isolates were shown to be closely related to each other and also to the isolate from Spain. 相似文献