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631.
Yan G. Zorbas Nikolai A. Kuznetsov Youri N. Yaroshenko 《Biological trace element research》1997,57(2):169-181
The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of prolonged restriction of motor activity (hypokinesia [HK])
on several parameters of water metabolism in primates. The studies were performed on 12 rhesus monkeys aged 4–5 yr (5.10–6.85
kg) during the hypokinetic period of 90 d and during the prehypokinetic period of 30 d. They were divided into two equal groups:
the first group was placed under ordinary vivarium conditions (vivarium control animals) and the second group was subjected
to 90 d of HK (hypokinetic animals). For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect, the primates were immobilized on their
abdomens in special tables. The legs of the monkeys were immobilized with hip and knee joints extended. The primates retained
freedom of movement at elbow, wrist, and ankle. During the preexperimental period of 30 d and during the experimental period
of 90 d, the following variables were determined: body weight, total body fluid content, specific total body fluid, mean fluid
consumed and eliminated in urine, specific plasma resistance, hematocrit level, and plasma concentrations of sodium (Na) and
potassium (K). In the hypokinetic primates, body weight decreased significantly when compared to the controls. Mean fluid
intake, total body fluid, and specific total body fluid decreased, whereas mean daily fluid loss and specific mean daily fluid
elimination increased significantly. Specific plasma resistance, hematocrit level, and plasma electrolyte concentrations increased
significantly when compared to the control primates. It was concluded that prolonged restriction of motor activity induces
significant changes in water metabolic parameters of primates leading in decreased total water content of the body. 相似文献
632.
Philip Hershkovitz 《International journal of primatology》1988,9(4):365-384
The proximal portion of a subfossil monkey femur found in a Jamaican cave shares all the femoral characters of a mature male Cebus apella.The fragment alone, however, does not prove conspecificity. The Jamaican femur is also of a size that could belong to the
extinct Xenothrix mcgregoriof the same island. In contrast, the distal portion of a monkey tibia recovered from a kitchen midden in the Dominican Republic
cannot be identified with that of any known living platyrrhine or catarrhine monkey. Geological age, geographic locality,
and size of fragment point to probable alignment of the tibia with the recently extinct cebid Saimiri bernensis.Although no conclusive identifications are made, the distinctive characters of the two limb bones are described on the basis
of comparisons with femurs and tibias representing all genera of living platyrrhines, most genera of catarrhine monkeys, and
some strepsirhines. 相似文献
633.
Red-tail monkey groups in forest patches outside the protected area system in the 'Kampala area' 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
D. Baranga 《African Journal of Ecology》2004,42(S1):78-83
634.
Janice Chism 《International journal of primatology》1986,7(1):49-81
Generalizations about the rate of behavioral development and mother-infant relations in nonhuman primates are often based
largely on observations of a few closely related species of macaques. Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)are sufficiently distant phylogenetically and distinct in their social and ecological adaptations from the well-studied macaque
species that observations of their patterns of infant development and mother-infant relations may indicate to what extent
macaque patterns are typical of Old World monkey species. Eight patas infants living with their mothers in an established
captive group were observed for 960 hr over the first year of life. These infants showed a rapid rate of behavioral development
and attainment of independence from mothers. Patas also have one of the fastest rates of sexual maturation of any Old World
monkey species. This pattern of rapid social and sexual development can be viewed as a response to a highly seasonal savannah
environment in which there is a premium on ability to achieve nutritional, locomotor, and social self-sufficiency as quickly
as possible and to reproduce as early and as often as developmental constraints will permit. Patterns of infant development
and mother-infant relations may be best understood as an integral part of a species’ overall life history pattern. 相似文献
635.
Locomotor behavior and substrate use of cage-reared golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), newly released and free-ranging on the grounds of the National Zoological Park, were studied to determine if locomotion changed following exposure to naturalistic conditions. The animals employed a predominantly quadrupedal locomotor profile, incorporating leaping and vertical climbing to a lesser degree. There was no clear evidence of a change in locomotion due to the high degree of variability in these behaviors. The locomotor repertoire of the free-ranging group differed from that of groups occupying unenriched but relatively large conventional enclosures, indicating that whereas locomotion is plastic with respect to environment, substrate characteristics influence locomotor behavior and may promote stereotypical behavior. However, due to anatomical constraints, the locomotor repertoire tended to be less variable than substrate use. Similar behaviors were used in moving through a variety of habitat features in spite of strong associations between specific locomotor styles and substrate classes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
636.
Four monkeys were found able to learn to raise and lower hand temperature and to reduce muscle tension to low levels using feedback from the target physiological system. The establishment of this model of biofeedback learning in monkeys enables work on mechanisms mediating the modes of biofeedback most used in clinical practice. Results suggest that biofeedback learning does not need to be mediated by the type of human-specific cognitive strategies employed by humans. 相似文献