全文获取类型
收费全文 | 600篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 19篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 17篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有634条查询结果,搜索用时 571 毫秒
111.
P.E. Peterson J.J. Short R. Tarara C. Valverde E. Rothgarn A.G. Hendrickx 《Journal of medical primatology》1997,26(5):267-275
Abstract: This paper summarizes the spontaneous incidence of congenital defects in the rhesus and cynomolgus macaque colonies (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis) at the California Regional Primate Research Center. The computerized database used in this analysis included fetuses, term infants, juveniles, and adults that underwent a necropsy procedure over a 14-year period (1983–1996). The calculated malformation rates were 0.9% (40/4,390) and 0.3% (3/965) for the rhesus and cynomolgus monkey, respectively. Most of the observed malformations in both species affected the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular systems, while a smaller number of defects were observed in the gastrointestinal, urogenital, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Inbreeding did not contribute to the spontaneous malformation incidence and there was no predilection for sex (male vs. female) or housing (indoors vs. outdoors) among the malformed cases. This spontaneous malformation database in our macaque colony aids in the interpretation of defects that occur in an experimental study as well as in the ongoing assessment of a healthy nonhuman primate breeding colony. 相似文献
112.
Wen Wang Michael R. J. Forstner Ya-ping Zhang Zi-min Liu Yu Wei Hua-qiang Huang Hong-guang Hu You-xin Xie Deng-hu Wu Don J. Melnick 《International journal of primatology》1997,18(3):305-320
The phylogeny of Chinese leaf monkeys, especially the snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus), has not been thoroughly investigated using molecular sequence data, perhaps due to their rarity in the wild and their poor representation in institutional collections. Despite several proposed classifications, systematic relationships of these species remain poorly defined and this has hindered their conservation. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the leaf monkey clade in China, we sequenced the mitochondrial ND3, ND4L, ND4, tRNA
Arg
, tRNA
His
, tRNA
Ser
, and tRNA
Leu
genes for Rhinopithecus bieti, R. roxellana, Trachypithecus francoisi, T. f. leucocephalus, and T. phayrei as well as Pygathrix nemaeus and Colobus guereza. We included a total of 2252 characters for each individual, excluding gaps in primary sequences. Our interpretation of the results from character-and distance-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that (1) Pygathrix nemaeus is sister to Rhinopithecus rather than to Trachypithecus though it is quite divergent from the former; (2) the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus bieti, represents a valid species; (3) the white-headed leaf monkey is not a distinct species, but instead is a subspecies of Trachypithecus francoisi (T. f. leucocephalus), though it should still be considered a separate evolutionary significant unit (ESU); and (4) because two individuals of the Phayrei's leaf monkey, T. phayrei, are genetically distinct from one another, a more extensive revision of the taxonomy of this putative species in China is needed. These results, plus ongoing work on the molecular systematics of the entire Asian leaf monkey radiation, can provide a sound basis for identifying the appropriate units of conservation for this endangered group of primates. 相似文献
113.
Fangui Min Jinchun Pan Ruike Wu Meiling Chen Huiwen Kuang Weibo Zhao 《Experimental Animals》2016,65(1):11-16
Recent evidence indicates that the prevalence of diseases caused by nontuberculous
mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing in both human and animals. In this study, antibody
profiles of NTM in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were determined and
compared with those of monkeys infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC). Antibodies against 10 M. tuberculosis proteins, purified
protein derivative (PPD), and mammalian old tuberculin (MOT) were detected in 14 monkeys
naturally infected with NTM by indirect ELISA. Sera from 10 monkeys infected with MTBC and
10 healthy monkeys were set as controls. All antigens showed high serological reactivities
to MTBC infections and low reactivities in healthy monkeys. NTM infections showed strong
antibody responses to MOT and PPD; moderate antibody responses to 16kDa, U1, MPT64L,
14kDa, and TB16.3; and low antibody responses to 38kDa, Ag85b, CFP10, ESAT-6, and
CFP10-ESAT-6. According to the criteria of MTBC, only CFP10, ESAT-6, and CFP10-ESAT-6
showed negative antibody responses in all NTM infections. Taken together, these results
suggest that positive results of a PPD/MOT-based ELISA in combination with results of
antibodies to M. tuberculosis-specific antigens, such as CFP10 and
ESAT-6, could discriminate NTM and MTBC infections. Two positive results indicate an MTBC
infection, and a negative result for an M. tuberculosis-specific antigen
may preliminarily predict an NTM infection. 相似文献
114.
The intravenous (IV) administration of synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (10 and 125 μg/kg) to chair restrained rhesus monkeys stimulated the pituitary-adrenal axis. At these doses, increases in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were associated with blood pressure decreases and behavioral effects. These data demonstrate that synthetic ovine CRF (10 and 125 μg/kg) administered IV to the rhesus monkey results in associated endocrine, physiological, and behavioral changes. 相似文献
115.
There has long been a need for a laboratory host of human plasmodia. Although certain of the anthropoid apes, especially Pan troglodytes (the chimpanzee) are susceptible to one or more species of these malarias, there are numerous difficulties in utilizing such animals as experimental subjects. Of the Old World monkeys, only macaques have shown some susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum.With the demonstration in 1966 that P. vivax would develop in Aotus trivirgatus (the night monkey), New World monkeys became established as models for investigation. Later it was determined that vivax lines could be maintained in Saimiri, Saguinus, and Ateles spp. Adaptation of P. falciparum directly from man has been achieved in Aotus, with subsequent passage in Saimiri and Cebus; other Panamanian monkeys show only transitory parasitemias. Thus far, P. malariae has been infective only to Aotus.Infectivity of the gametocytes to mosquitoes has been retained in monkeys, with transmission back to man or to other monkeys, thus providing all stages of the parasites for biologic, chemotherapeutic, pathologic or immunologic studies. 相似文献
116.
Many studies of sex differences in primates have been based on small experimental groups of peers in which only a limited
range of social behavior could be expressed. In addition, the first few months of life are often the focus of such studies,
with relatively little attention paid to older juveniles. In this study, 11 male and 9 female juvenile patas monkeys, living
in a captive social group with all age-sex classes available, were observed between 1 and 4 years of age. A subset of seven
patas monkeys was also observed between birth and 1 year of age. Here, we report the development of sex differences in independence,
play, grooming, positioning behavior, and aggression over the juvenile period. Juvenile male patas monkeys played more and
in longer bouts than females, but wrestling (rough-and-tumble play) was not more common among males. There were few differences
in behaviors directed to male and female juveniles by other group members. Distinct differences emerged only in the behaviors
of the juveniles themselves, with females being more active participants in social and aggressive interactions than males.
In general, sex differences in patas monkeys show a mixture of patterns, some of which are predictive of adult sex differences
and some of which appear to be specific to the particular demands of the juvenile period in this species 相似文献
117.
Data from a 2-year field study of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Kenya support our earlier suggestion that diurnal
births are a species-typical pattern of patas. In this respect patas are very unusual, as all existing information shows that
nocturnal births are typical of both captive and freeranging monkeys. Patas do not give birth at night because to do so would
render ineffective their night-resting strategy which reduces vulnerability to predation at night. Giving birth during the
day, however, does not eliminate the risk of being preyed on; nor are all times of day equally favorable for giving birth.
Our field data suggest that a patas female gives birth at those times of day when she is least likely to lose contact with
her group or to encounter predators. 相似文献
118.
Adelaida Sánchez Silvia Cenani Irene von Lawzewitsch 《Primates; journal of primatology》1991,32(1):93-103
A histochemical and immunocytochemical study was performed to describe the cellular localization of four hormones in pancreatic
tissue of the Callithricidae and Cebidae families belonging to Platyrrhini monkeys. Insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and gastrin
immunoreactive cells were detected in the pancreatic islets at light microscope level. Beta cells (insulin positve) were distributed
in a peripheral mantle or in irregular clusters in a polar region of the islet. Also little groups (small islets) from three
to six beta cells distributed in the pancreatic stroma were observed in all the species. A constant feature was the presence
of neuroinsular complexes. The alpha cell population was composed of orangeophiles or phloxinophile cells and presented an
heterogeneous composition as the result of their granular type (difference in immunocytochemical affinity). Alpha 1 cells
(somatostatin) were scattered between the other cells or in the periphery of the islets, while alpha 2 cells (glucagon) were
distributed in three different ways: (1) occupying polar positions; (2) disseminated in small groups; or (3) arranged in cord-like
disposition. One or two G cells (gastrin) were found in few islets.
This work was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Estudio Histológico
Comparado del Sistema de Glándulas Endócrinas (EHIGE) program.
Postgraduated Fellow from CONICET
Established Investigator and Director of EHIGE. 相似文献
119.
The practicability of social enrichment for singly caged adult rhesus monkeys was examined. Twenty-nine weaned rhesus monkey infants were removed from breeding troops to avoid overcrowding and were placed with unfamiliar singly caged adults. An adult-infant pair was considered compatible when (1) the two animals started huddling with each other within the first 5 days after pair formation and (2) the infant showed no signs of depression and took its share from a limited amount of favored food. Adult-infant pairs were compatible in 90% (26/29) of cases. Compatibility depended neither on the sex, age, and origin of the adult nor on the sex of the infant. There was no evidence that partners lost interest in each other during 7–11 months of follow-up observations. Three adults exhibiting stereotypical behavior abandoned their peculiar habits after they had lived with their young companions for 4 months. It was concluded that the often-heard notion that rhesus monkeys are highly aggressive should not prevent simple attempts to provide singly caged animals with a companion. 相似文献
120.
The effects of TRH (0.1-30 mg/kg) and an enzyme-resistant analogue, MK-771 (0.1-10 mg/kg), were characterized in squirrel monkeys on responding maintained in the presence of different visual stimuli by a multiple 3-min fixed-interval (FI), 30-response fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of stimulus-shock termination or by a multiple 5-min FI schedule of food or shock presentation. Under the termination schedule, the first response at the end of 3 min in the FI component or the completion of the 30-response requirement in the FR component terminated the visual stimulus in the presence of which shocks occurred (escape schedule). Under the schedule of food or shock presentation, the first response at the end of the 5-min FI produced food in the presence of red stimulus lights or shock in the presence of white lights. TRH and MK-771 produced large, dose-related increases in responding maintained under the FR stimulus-shock termination schedule whereas these peptides produced smaller increases or did not affect responding under the FI schedule. TRH and MK-771 also produced marked increases in responding maintained by shock presentation at doses that did not alter or decreased food-maintained responding in the same subject. Thus, performances maintained by noxious stimuli are uniquely sensitive to the rate-increasing effects of TRH and MK-771. These findings suggest that the behavioral effects of the neuropeptides, TRH and MK-771, can depend on the specific consequences of behavior and, as such, the effects of these substances are determined by many of the same variables that determine the effects of other behaviorally-active drugs. 相似文献