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11.
Mike H. Jurke 《Primates; journal of primatology》1996,37(1):109-119
The fate of most nonhuman primate species is intimately related to man. The increasing encroachment on the natural habitat
has resulted in the decimation and even near extinction of some species. Along with this development, the basic concept in
many modern zoos has changed from one of merely display to self-perpetuating units. Primate research facilities are orienting
their research programs towards reproductive physiology and behavior in an effort to provide basic knowledge of reproduction
in these species. This increased emphasis in the area of reproductive biology and the various efforts to improve breeding
of these mostly endangered primates in captivity has stimulated the author to write this review. It represents an attempt
to provide the reader with basic background information relating to the endocrinology and behavior of reproduction in the
clawed New World monkeys as it exists at the time of publication.
The intermediate evolutionary position ofCallimico goeldii between the clawed New World monkeys and the ‘true New World monkeys’ and our relatively poor knowledge about reproduction
and behavior in this particular species fully justifies the focus on Goeldi’s monkey in this essay. This review is an attempt
to provide a brief history of previous studies but also the basis for research in the future. The current status of knowledge
of the small-bodied clawed monkeys is also discussed in an evolutionary context, with an emphasis on the different reproductive
strategies in this dynamic group of primates.
The outcome, not surprisingly, confirms the unique position ofCallimico goeldii in its social, ecological, and evolutionary environment. 相似文献
12.
We surveyed the howling monkey population at La Pacifica in Costa Rica over a 1-month period in July and August 1991. The
survey method consisted of an initial 6-day survey, directly comparable to a 1984 survey, and at least two repeat surveys
of all areas to locate all groups and to identify all animals. The initial survey indicated an increase in the number of groups
and a decrease in the size of groups from earlier surveys, though the group composition was unchanged. We used the results
of initial and repeat surveys to determine population size and composition. We located 30 groups with a total of 370 animals.
Twenty-one groups contained animals marked with collars and/or legbands, and four additional groups contained animals with
clearly identifiable white markings. Although the population structure has changed over 7 years, it is still within the species-typical
range for Alouatta palliata. 相似文献
13.
Immunogenetic investigations on two serum beta-lipoprotein allotypes of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are reported. The allotypes, designated Lmb1 and Lmb11, are associated with the main lipoprotein family, LP-B or beta-lipoprotein, expressed on independent beta-molecules, and classify rhesus monkeys into three phenotypes: Lmb1, Lmb11, and Lmb1,11. Genetic and molecular studies indicate that the allotypes are encoded by two codominant autosomal allelic genes, Lmb1 and Lmb11. Anti-Lmb1 cross-reacts with the sera of two other macaque species, whereas anti-Lmb11 with sera of all Old World monkeys. Heteroimmune sera, antihuman apo-B and antirhesus LP-B, showed high but diversified degrees of cross reactivity with other primates. 相似文献
14.
Blood smears of 159 vervet monkeys from three sites in Kenya were stained with Giemsa and examined for Hepatocystis parasites. The populations differ in incidence of parasitemia, ranging from 0–62% affected individuals. These differences are probably due to altitude and local environmental conditions. 相似文献
15.
C. M. Berman 《International journal of primatology》1980,1(2):153-170
Several aspects of agonistic experience are described for freeranging infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)on Cayo Santiago. Even before infants are fully integrated with peers in rank dominance based on maternal ranks,infants of highranking mothers tend to be threatened less frequently by other members of the group and are less likely to
be threatened by unfamiliar individuals than are infants of lowranking mothers. There is no evidence that fearful interactions
between pairs of infants are related to their mother’s ranks before 22 weeks of age. However, an imperfect hierarchy can be
constructed for infants between 27 and 30 weeks of age. At this age,infants of higherranking mothers are also more likely to receive protection when threatened than are infants of lowerranking
mothers. When protected, their protectors are less likely to emit fearful gestures to the infants’ threatener. Close female
relatives appear to play a large role in the protection of infants and may be more directly responsible for the differences
described above than the mother, other relatives, or other highranking members of the group. It is suggested that more than
one mechanism, including intervention by the mother and by close female relatives,may be important in rank acquisition among peers. 相似文献
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Studies of primate taxonomy and phylogeny often depend on comparisons of limb dimensions, yet there is little information on how morphology correlates and contributes to foraging strategies and ecology. Callitrichid primates are ideal for comparative studies as they exhibit a range of body size, limb proportions and diet. Many callitrichid species exhibit a high degree of exudativory, and to efficiently exploit these resources, they are assumed to have evolved morphologies that reflect a level of dependence on these resources. We tested assumptions by considering measurements of limb proportion and frictional features of the volar surfaces in preserved specimens of 25 species with relation to published life history and ecological data. The degree of exudativory and utilization of vertical substrates during foraging were found to correlate both with size and with size‐corrected foot and hand dimensions. Smaller species, which engage in greater degrees of exudativory, had proportionally longer hands and feet and more curved claw‐like tegulae (nails) on their digits to facilitate climbing on vertical substrates. The density of patterned ridges (dermatoglyphs) on the volar surfaces of the hands and feet is higher in more exudativorous genera, suggesting a role in climbing on vertical tree trunks during foraging. Dermatoglyph comparisons suggest that ridges on the soles and palms may facilitate food procurement by enhancing frictional grip during exudate feeding. Volar pad features corroborate taxonomic relationships described from dental morphology. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:447–458, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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