中国热带粒毛盘菌属的物种多样性研究

本文在对我国盘菌资源调查的基础上,分析研究了热带地区粒毛盘菌属真菌的物种多样性。本研究共分析451份标本,属于35个分类单位,其中Lachnum abnorme var. abnorme, L. brasiliense, L. flavidulum, L. pteridophyllum, L. sclerotii和L. virgineum 6个种的个体数量均在总数的6 %以上,占已观察标本总数的73.4 %,是我国热带地区的常见种。物种多样性分析表明,海南的物种丰富度（S=22）和多样性指数（H′=2.6696）最高,云南与广西的物种丰富度相似。采用群落系数（coefficient of community,cc）比较了不同地区的物种分布相似性。本文还试图探讨物种分布与海拔高度、生境、基物间的关系。粒毛盘菌属真菌在海拔60～2700 m的地带均有分布,由于调查和取样的局限性,物种随海拔高度变化的规律不明显;地理分布上大致可分为世界性分布、间断性分布和地方特有三种分布型。     

Glutamate Stimulation of [3H]Dopamine Release from Dissociated Cell Cultures of Rat Ventral Mesencephalon

In dissociated cell cultures of fetal rat ventral mesencephalon preloaded with [3H]dopamine, glutamate (10(-5)-10(-3) M) stimulated the release of [3H]dopamine. Glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release was Ca2+ dependent and was blocked by the glutamate antagonist, cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acid. Glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release was not due to glutamate neurotoxicity because (1) glutamate did not cause release of a cytosolic marker, lactate dehydrogenase, and (2) preincubation of cultures with glutamate did not impair subsequent ability of the cells to take up or release [3H]dopamine. Thus, these dissociated cell cultures appear to provide a good model system to characterize glutamate stimulation of dopamine release. Release of [3H]dopamine from these cultures was stimulated by veratridine, an activator of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels, and this stimulation was blocked by tetrodotoxin. However, glutamate-stimulated [3H]dopamine release was not blocked by tetrodotoxin or Zn2+. Substitution of NaCl in the extracellular medium by sucrose, LiCl, or Na2SO4 had no effect on glutamate stimulation of [3H]dopamine release; however, release was inhibited when NaCl was replaced by choline chloride or N-methyl-D-glucamine HCl. Glutamate-stimulated [3H]-dopamine release was well maintained (60-82% of control) in the presence of Co2+, which blocks Ca2+ action potentials, and was unaffected by the local anesthetic, lidocaine. These results are discussed in terms of the receptor and ionic mechanisms involved in the stimulation of dopamine release by excitatory amino acids.     

感染耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布情况及耐药性分析

目的:探讨感染耐亚胺培南(IPM)鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布情况及耐药性。方法:回顾性分析2013~2015年榆林市中医院患者感染鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布,并对耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌进行培养、鉴定及药敏试验,分析其耐药情况。结果:2013~2015年我院共分离培养出鲍曼不动杆菌185株,其中IPM耐药99株(53.51%),IPM敏感86株(46.49%)。绝大部分菌株分离自痰液标本(138株,74.59%),其次是血液标本(14株,7.57%)与尿液标本(12株,6.49%);来自ICU送检标本菌株数量最多(84株,45.41%),其次是呼吸内科标本(53株,28.65%)与神经内科标本(30株,16.22%)。不同标本类型及科室中IPM耐药及IPM敏感鲍曼不动杆菌占比无显著差异(P0.05)。IPM耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物耐药性均较高,其中以头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(CSL)敏感性最高(50.51%);IPM敏感鲍曼不动杆菌对部分抗菌药物耐药性尚可,其中以IPM敏感性最高(93.02%)。结论:耐亚胺培南鲍曼不动杆菌临床分布广泛,多重耐药性严重甚至出现泛耐药,应当对患者进行药敏试验,以药敏结果选择合适的抗菌药物进行使用。     

达乌尔黄鼠种群空间分布型研究及其应用

本文根据1987年在内蒙古东北部低山丘陵区和平原区草原的调查资料,应用频数分布比较法研究了达乌尔黄鼠的空间分布型。结果表明：在抽样单位(样方)大小为1公项(1OO米×100米)时,4个样地内达乌尔黄鼠交尾期和幼鼠分居期的空间分布型均属poisson分布(随机分布)。环境与密度制约因素的影响不明显。并经回归分析得到：种群密度(m)与零样方频率(Po)和有鼠样方频率(Px )的曲线关系分别为m=4.5451-0.96721nPo和m=4.5451-0.96721n(1-Px)。经X²检验与poisson分布理论曲线基本一致(x²《x^{2 _0.05},P>0.05)。为达乌尔黄鼠种群密度估计提供了理论依据.     

陕南茶树栽培区域生态与地方品种分布

陕南秦巴山区是亚热带北缘地区。由于生态环境复杂,地区差异性大,茶树栽培与引种受到一定限制。大致以汉江谷地粮作区为界,南部大巴山北麓低山丘陵区为适栽区;北部秦岭南麓低山丘陵区则为次适栽区。地方茶树群体品种有7个,约由28个地方品种组成,呈斑、块状分布。     

Distribution pattern of an expanding Osprey ( Pandion haliaetus) population in a changing environment

We studied the nest site selection and distribution pattern at landscape level of the German Osprey population, and demonstrated how to test the predictions of the ideal free distribution theory and its derivatives on such an expanding population. Information about the location and breeding success of each Osprey nest site between 1995 and 2005 was collected through a long-term monitoring programme. Data of land cover types were acquired from the administrations of each federal state and the CORINE Land Cover database. The results showed that Ospreys preferred landscapes with more water bodies and forests. Such sites were also occupied earlier and had higher local population density. However, in the study period of 11 years, there was a gradual shift from forest-dominated landscapes to agricultural land-dominated landscapes. The breeding success increased over time, with no difference in the breeding success between pairs nesting on trees and poles, whereas there was higher breeding success at nest sites surrounded by more agricultural land and less forest. The more efficient foraging in eutrophic lakes in agricultural landscapes was the most likely cause for the higher breeding success. The distribution pattern of the Ospreys did not match the resource allocation, which deviated from the models tested. We suggested that the proximate cues used for nest site selection mismatched site quality due to anthropogenic environmental changes.     

中国龙葵复合种细胞学分析和地理分布的研究

本文根据１５省３０余个县的实地考察,和对采自２５省的６６份中国龙葵种籽进行种植观察,并与国外的有关研究资料对比分析,在国内首次提出;（１）中国龙葵复合种的四个种,从低纬度到高纬度（１８．６－５３．５°Ｎ）,分别属于二倍体,四倍体和六倍体种;（２）从中国南方到北方,自然形成了二倍体,六倍体与二倍体交叉,六倍体与四倍体交叉三个地理分布区。     

珍珠菜属的新组合和新异名──兼论此属植物在中国和日本的地理替代现象

本文对过去一直认为是日本特有的两种珍珠菜属植物作了归并和组合：将Ｌｙｓｉｍａｃｈｉａ,ｔａｓｈｉｒｏｉＭａｋｉｎｏ归并作Ｌ．ｐａｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＨａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚｚ．的异名,将Ｌ．ｔａｎａｋａｅＭａｘｉｍ．降级作Ｌ．ｃｈｒｉｓｔｉｎａｅＨａｎｃｅ的亚种处理．对此间植物在中国和日本的地理替代现象作了讨论．