本体感觉训练联合肌内效贴对前交叉韧带断裂术后患者肢体肿胀程度、运动平衡功能及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察本体感觉训练联合肌内效贴对前交叉韧带断裂术后患者肢体肿胀程度、运动平衡功能及生活质量的影响。方法：选择2019年1月-2022年1月期间我院接收的120例行前交叉韧带断裂术患者,按照信封抽签法将患者分为对照组（60例,本体感觉训练）和研究组（60例,对照组的基础上接受肌内效贴干预）。对比两组优良率、肢体肿胀程度、运动平衡功能及生活质量。结果：研究组的优良率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗2周后、治疗4周后肢体肿胀值减小,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后Fugl-Meyer运动量表（FMA）、Berg 评分量表（BBS）评分升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗4周后总体/精神健康、生理/社会功能、活力、躯体疼痛和情感/生理职能评分升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：本体感觉训练联合肌内效贴对前交叉韧带断裂术后患者,可有效减轻肢体肿胀程度,改善运动平衡功能及生活质量,效果显著。     

住院医师规范化培训管理现状调查与分析

目的 调查分析医院开展住院医师规范化培训现状。方法 选取2011—2013年进入医院住院医师规范化培训基地的住院医师,采用现场发放调查问卷方法进行无记名调查分析。将调查内容分为报名招录、轮转培训、各类考核、组织管理和其他板块。结果 96.7%认为医院招录过程合理或基本合理,92.6%认为培训计划制定具有一定的合理性,90.1%住院医师能够按照规定完成培训内容,各类考核内容基本能够反映住院医师的培训水平。在众多培训期间存在困难中,依次为收入偏低、个人婚恋生育计划难以实施以及工作和学习压力过大。结论 住院医师基本认同目前医院的培训管理制度和方法,逐步提高住院医师薪酬待遇,有效疏导培训压力和加强师资队伍建设是提高住院医师培训积极性和培训质量的保证。     

Exercise‐linked improvement in age‐associated loss of balance is associated with increased vestibular input to motor neurons

Age‐associated loss of muscle function is exacerbated by a concomitant reduction in balance, leading to gait abnormalities and falls. Even though balance defects can be mitigated by exercise, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. We now have investigated components of the proprioceptive and vestibular systems in specific motor neuron pools in sedentary and trained old mice, respectively. We observed a strong age‐linked deterioration in both circuits, with a mitigating effect of exercise on vestibular synapse numbers on motor neurons, closely associated with an improvement in gait and balance in old mice. Our results thus describe how the proprioceptive and vestibular systems are modulated by age and exercise, and how these changes affect their input to motor neurons. These findings not only make a strong case for exercise‐based interventions in elderly individuals to improve balance, but could also lead to targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at the respective neuronal circuitry.     

Effects of isokinetic training of the knee extensors on isometric strength and peak power output during cycling

Isokinetic training of right and left quadriceps femoris was undertaken three times per week for 16 weeks. One group of subjects (n = 13) trained at an angular velocity of 4.19 rad.s-1 and a second group (n = 10) at 1.05 rad.s-1. A control group (n = 10) performed no training. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps, and peak pedal velocity nu p,peak) and peak power output (Wpeak) during all-out cycling (against loads equivalent to 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14% MVC) were assessed before and after training. The two training groups did not differ significantly from each other in their training response to any of the performance variables (P > 0.05). No significant difference in MVC was observed for any group after the 16-week period (P = 0.167). The post-training increases in average Wpeak (7%) and nu p,peak (6%) during the cycle tests were each significantly different from the control group response (P = 0.018 and P = 0.008, respectively). It is concluded that 16 weeks of isokinetic strength training of the knee extensors is able to significantly improve nu p, peak and Wpeak during spring cycling, an activity which demands considerable involvement of the trained muscle group but with its own distinct pattern of coordination.     

抗阻训练对增龄大鼠骨骼肌线粒体功能的影响*

目的: 从线粒体动力学的角度,探讨抗阻运动对增龄大鼠骨骼肌线粒体功能的影响。方法: 40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:2月龄安静对照组(C1组)、2月龄抗阻运动训练组(R1组)、6月龄安静对照组(C2组)、6月龄抗阻运动训练组(R2组),每组10只。C1、C2组正常喂养,R1、R2组大鼠进行跑台坡度为35°,速度为15 m/min的抗阻运动,一次跑动15 s,间歇30 s,4次为一组,组间间歇3 min,3组为一次循环,一天为2个循环,循环间歇10 min,每周6 d,共8周。采用Western blot法测定各组大鼠股四头肌线粒体融合蛋白2(Mfn2)、GTP酶1(DRP1) 蛋白含量,使用流式细胞仪测定各组大鼠股四头肌线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)、活性氧(ROS)和游离钙(Ca²⁺)水平。结果: ① 与C1组相比,R1组大鼠DRP1蛋白升高(P＜0.01)、Mfn2蛋白无显著变化,C2组大鼠DRP1、Mfn2蛋白均降低(P均＜0.01);与C2组相比,R2组大鼠DRP1、Mfn2蛋白均升高(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);与R1组相比,R2组DRP1、Mfn2蛋白均降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05)。② 与C1组相比,R1组Ca²⁺含量降低(P＜0.01)、C2组Ca²⁺含量升高(P＜0.01);与C2组相比,R2组Ca²⁺含量降低(P＜0.01);与R1组相比,R2组Ca²⁺含量升高(P＜0.01)。③ 与C1组相比,R1组ROS含量有所上升,但无显著性差异,C2组ROS含量升高(P＜0.01);与C2组相比,R2组ROS含量降低(P＜0.01);与R1组相比,R2组ROS含量升高(P＜0.01)。④ 与C1组相比,C2组ΔΨm降低(P＜0.01);与C2组相比,R2组ΔΨm升高(P＜0.01);与R1组相比,R2组ΔΨm有所降低,但无统计学差异。结论: 大鼠增龄过程中股四头肌线粒体出现Ca²⁺堆积、活性氧增多、线粒体膜电位下降、融合蛋白减少等现象,抗阻训练可有效改善这些变化。     

The effect of physical training on the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis of Sprague–Dawley rats

The impact of physical activity on carcinogenesis has been demonstrated in many studies. Taking into account the discrepant results of physical exercise on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer, we aimed to examine the impact of physical training on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-(MNU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Fifty female rats were divided into four groups according to the intensity of physical activity they undertook. The number of developed tumors, tumor volume, and histopathological diagnoses were noted. Apoptosis and cell proliferation were studied by the number of TUNEL-positive and Ki-67-expressing cells. We demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the tumor number between all trained groups and the control group. The results were most pronounced in the group with a moderate intensity of training. Moreover, we showed a decrease in tumor volume as training intensity increased, though the differences were not statistically significant. The mean number of TUNEL-positive cancer cells was significantly higher in the training groups than in the control group. These data suggest that physical training, especially of moderate intensity, may alleviate MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis. The results could suggest that physical exercise-induced apoptosis may be a protective mechanism.     

Non-uniform excitation of pectoralis major induced by changes in bench press inclination leads to uneven variations in the cross-sectional area measured by panoramic ultrasonography

This study combined surface electromyography with panoramic ultrasound imaging to investigate whether non-uniform excitation could lead to acute localized variations in cross-sectional area and muscle thickness of the clavicular and sternocostal heads of pectoralis major (PM). Bipolar surface electromyograms (EMGs) were acquired from both PM heads, while 13 men performed four sets of the flat and 45° inclined bench press exercises. Before and immediately after exercise, panoramic ultrasound images were collected transversely to the fibers. Normalized root mean square (RMS) amplitude and variations in the cross-sectional area and muscle thickness were calculated separately for each PM head. For all sets of the inclined bench press, the normalized RMS amplitude was greater for the clavicular head than the sternocostal head (P < 0.001), and the opposite was observed during the flat bench press (P < 0.001). Similarly, while greater increases in cross-sectional area were observed in the clavicular than in the sternocostal head after the inclined bench press (P < 0.001), greater increases were quantified in the sternocostal than in the clavicular head after the flat bench press exercise (P = 0.046). Therefore, our results suggest that the PM regional excitation induced by changes in bench press inclination leads to acute, uneven responses of muscle architecture following the exercise.     

就地保护中迁地保护实践案例--以扎龙保护区人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤种群为例)

就地保护中实施迁地保护是濒危物种保护的较为有效的形式。扎龙保护区自1976年筹建以来,就计划并实施开展了以人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)种群为平台的孵化、训飞、放飞工作,本文通过常规的统计方法对扎龙保护区自建区以来的丹顶鹤孵化、训飞、放飞数据进行了分析。结果显示出：建区至今,人工辅助繁育丹顶鹤种群的年均孵化成功率为77.41%(1981年最高,为100%);孵化成活量整体呈上升趋势,年均约为27只(2003年最高,为52只),近10年来基本维持在30~50只之间;训飞规模在逐年提高,近年来基本维持在100~120只之间;放飞规模与训飞规模同步也在逐年提高,年均放飞8只,2009年以来维持在10只以上;放飞野化的丹顶鹤已记录于中国的江苏盐城保护区、山东黄河三角洲保护区、韩国铁原地区。进一步分析表明,扎龙保护区在丹顶鹤保护方面已取得了一定的成绩。