小麦族鹅观草属三个物种的关系研究

通过形态学特征比较、种间杂交、染色体组配对和繁育学资料,探讨鹅观草属拟披碱草组纤毛草系中的三个物种毛叶鹅观草、纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草间的亲缘关系。结果表明毛叶鹅观草与纤毛鹅观草、竖立鹅观草存在一定的生殖障碍,纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草不存在生殖障碍。建议将毛叶鹅观草作为纤毛鹅观草的亚种,而竖立鹅观草作为纤毛鹅观草的变种处理较为适宜。     

黑龙江省产两种草蜥染色体组型研究

采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对黑龙江省产黑龙江草蜥和白条草蜥的染色体组型进行分析.结果表明,两种草蜥二倍体染色体的数目均是38,由18对常染色体和1对性染色体组成.常染色体中17对为端部着丝点染色体,1对为点状染色体;性染色体为ZW 型,从核型特征看来,二者都为蜥蜴目较原始的类型.     

Herb layer response to broadleaf tree species with different leaf litter quality and canopy structure in temperate forests

Question: How do broadleaf tree species affect humus characteristics, herb layer composition and species diversity through their leaf litter quality and canopy structure? Location: Mixed broadleaf forests in Brandenburg, NE Germany. Methods: We studied the herb and tree layer composition in 129 undisturbed stands using a 10‐degree cover‐abundance and percentage scale, respectively. The main floristic gradients were extracted by non‐metric multidimensional scaling. Effects of tree species on the herb layer were analysed with partial Spearman rank correlation. We assessed affinities for specific tree species using indicator species analysis. Results: Both beech and oak influenced herb layer composition mainly through their litter quality, which resulted in deep Ol and Of horizons, respectively. The less dense canopy of oak, in contrast to the dense beech canopy, enhanced species diversity in favour of indifferent herb species (species not closely tied to forests). Lime was correlated with a distinct floristic gradient, but a direct effect on the herb layer cannot be proven with the available data. Effects of hornbeam were less pronounced. Conclusions: The relationship between the tree and herb layer must be partly attributed to pH differences. However, tree species effects on humus characteristics and on light flux to the ground were largely responsible as well. The results suggest that tree species can influence herb layer composition and diversity, but the missing correlation with lime and hornbeam raise questions requiring further detailed investigation.     

Anatomical study of zygotic and somatic embryos of Tilia cordata

A comparative anatomical study was carried out on zygotic and somatic embryos of Tilia cordata Mill. to evaluate the effect of growth conditions on their development. Zygotic embryos (heart-shaped, torpedo, cotyledonary), collected during two autumn periods, were examined to investigate the effect of growing season on embryo development. In comparison, the influence of growth conditions on the development of somatic embryos in vitro was also studied. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol-4000 induced the development of somatic cotyledonary embryos similar to zygotic embryos with respect to morphology and anatomy, as illustrated by the differentiation of the apical meristems and of the procambium. The pattern of accumulation of starch and protein was also similar in these embryos. Somatic cotyledonary embryos that developed spontaneously without ABA showed defective accumulation of storage material and a general failure to form the shoot apical meristem, leading to very low germination rates. Vacuolar phenolic deposits were observed along the procambium of both zygotic and somatic embryos regardless of the maturation stage. Tracheid formation was observed only in somatic embryos formed without ABA in the medium and in precociously germinated somatic embryos. Phenolic vacuolar inclusions were frequently observed in epidermal cells of these embryos. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Anatomical and morphological characterization of mycorrhizas of five strains of Tuber borchii Vittad

 Tilia platyphyllos Scop. plantlets were inoculated in vitro with five Tuber borchii Vittad. strains (1BO, 17BO, 43BO, 71BO and 10RA) to test their intraspecific variability. The ability of the strains to form mycorrhizas varied, with the mean degree of ectomycorrhizal infection ranging from 50.6% (for 1BO) to 82.1% (for 10RA). The anatomical/morphological characteristics of the resulting mycorrhizas were determined. Although the morphological features of the mycorrhizas and the characteristics of the cystidia were similar for all strains tested, differences were found in the anatomical features of the mantle. The form of the mantle cells was examined in the surface and inner layers (6 and 12 μm deep, respectively) by both conventional and confocal microscopy. These cells were polygonal in 1BO, and 71BO, epidermoid in 43BO and intermediate in 17BO and 10RA. The structure of the mantle also varied and thus provided little information with which to identify T. borchii mycorrhizas. Accepted: 7 July 2000     

长白山红松阔叶混交林紫椴枝条的分解实验

研究了长白山北坡椴树（Tilia amurensis）枝条的分散进程,实验结果揭示,分解率是与各实验地的植被类型,海拔,生长季月平均大于5℃的积温等密切相关。其枝条分解的保存率（Y）与分解年龄（x）的相关,可用指数模型：Y＝e^-kx来拟合,在红松阔叶混交林,红松外叶混交林,岳桦去冷杉林及岳桦林中椴树枝条分解常数K分别为－0.168与－0.127,－0.102和－0.094。枝条原重量50％的分解年龄在上述4个森林中分别是4,5,6和7a。实验还指出,在长白山红松阔叶混交林皆伐迹地的实验条件下适当的蔽荫和浇水对分解有正面影响。而且,枝条的分解率主要是以长白山不同海拔植被类型的温度条件而转移,特别是生长季的积温。     

黑龙江林蛙胃肠道5-羟色胺细胞的胚后发生

采用亲和素-生物素复合物(ABC)免疫组织化学法,对黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)胚后发育各时期胃肠道中5-羟色胺(5-HT)细胞的发生过程进行了研究。结果显示,黑龙江林蛙胃中的5-羟色胺阳性细胞最早在第38期被检测到,小肠和大肠最早出现在第41期。从41期开始,5-羟色胺细胞分布于胃、小肠和大肠中,在同一发育时期中,胃部分布密度最大。同一部位在不同发育时期5-羟色胺细胞的分布密度不同,其中胃内5-羟色胺细胞在38期和43期分布最多,分布密度分别为1.8±0.62和1.8±0.89,45期分布数量最少,分布密度为1.1±0.31;小肠中5-羟色胺细胞在41期和43期分布最多,分布密度均为1.2±0.41,在44期和45期分布最少,分布密度分别为0.7±0.49和0.7±0.47;大肠中5-羟色胺细胞在第42期分布最多,分布密度为1.2±0.41,在44期分布最少,分布密度为0.7±0.47。5-羟色胺细胞最早分布在上皮细胞之间,随着胃肠道发育的日渐完善,在上皮基部或腺泡上皮之间也有分布。细胞形态变化不明显,有圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、长梭形和三角形。推测5-羟色胺阳性细胞的出现时间、形态以及分布型是与黑龙江林蛙的个体生长发育需要、胃肠道各段的功能以及食性转变相适应的。