长白山阔叶红松林紫椴种群结构与动态特征

紫椴(Tilia amurensis)为国家二级重点保护野生植物。以长白山北坡阔叶红松林内的紫椴种群为研究对象,通过建立种群静态生命表、绘制存活曲线、计算数量动态指数并引入生存函数和时间序列预测模型定量描绘其结构与动态特征。结果表明:1)种群年龄结构呈不规则金字塔形,幼龄阶段(Ⅰ-Ⅳ龄级)个体数之和占个体总数的67.26%。2)种群存活曲线接近Deevey-Ⅲ型,表明植株在幼龄阶段死亡率高。3)总体数量动态变化指数V_pi>V''_pi>0,表明紫椴种群为增长型,但V''_pi趋近于0,结合死亡率(q_x)和消失率(K_x)曲线呈现出连续性先增后降的复杂动态变化趋势,可知该种群不稳定且在干扰情况下增长趋势不明显。4)生存函数分析显示,种群在Ⅲ-Ⅳ龄级间达到平衡状态,尔后进入衰退期且从第Ⅷ龄级开始进入生理衰退。5)时间序列预测分析表明,在未来2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10龄级时间后,紫椴幼龄个体数逐渐减小,而中、成和老龄个体数量将逐渐增加,说明未来紫椴种群的增长主要依靠后者。生物学特性和生境是限制紫椴种群增长的主要原因。建议加强幼苗抚育工作,提高幼苗和小树的存活率,保护和改善生存环境,从而促进紫椴种群的自然更新和恢复。     

主要伴生树种对云杉幼苗生长影响的研究

以椴树,水曲柳、云杉和红松等树叶浸出液或土壤中混拌其叶粉等不同处理方法来培育云杉幼苗,研究这些树种对云杉生长的影响。实验表明,椴树和水曲柳等阔叶树对云杉幼苗具有明显的促进生长作用,而以云杉等针叶树的叶浸出液和叶粉培育的云杉,其生长较差。研究认为,橡树和水曲柳可作为培养人工云杉针阔混交林的重要搭配树种。     

南京椴花化学成分鉴定及不同发育时期黄酮类化合物差异分析

【目的】研究南京椴花化学成分及其主要成分黄酮类化合物在不同发育时期的变化规律,为后续采用多组学手段探究椴树花中重要药用化合物的代谢通路及调控机制解析奠定基础,同时为椴树花的采收提供理论依据。【方法】以10年生南京椴为试验材料,用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术分析南京椴花中代谢物组分及类黄酮含量差异。【结果】(1)南京椴花中共鉴定得到46种化合物,其中有机酸及其衍生物13种、香豆素及其衍生物4种、酯1种、类黄酮28种。(2)盛花期是南京椴花中代谢物发生显著变化的分界点,与蕾期相比,开花期间代谢物变化更明显。(3)多重比较分析显示：26种黄酮类化合物在不同时期花中含量差异显著(P<0.05),阿福豆苷、山奈苷、槲皮苷、橙皮苷、花旗松素和芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸在盛花期相对含量较高,原花青素A2和3种原花青素三聚体在末蕾期含量较高。【结论】发育状态可作为判断南京椴花中次级代谢物含量的重要因素,末蕾期的标志性化合物是原花青素A2,盛花期的标志性化合物是芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸,末蕾期和盛花期均具有采收价值。     

Occurrence of the marbled rose-chafer (Protaetia lugubris Herbst, Coleoptera, Cetoniidae) in rural avenues in northern poland

The occurrence of Protaetia lugubris, an endangered species developing in hollow trees, was studied in a network of rural avenues in northern Poland. We detected 1002 trees from nine species with hollows suitable for beetle development (25% of all trees inspected). Among them, 74 trees (7.4%) from seven species were occupied by P. lugubris. The distribution of P. lugubris was random with respect to tree species identity. The beetle preferred trees above 200 cm in circumference with a tendency towards higher occupancies of the bigger trees having circumferences above 300 cm. P. lugubris did not show any significant preferences according to hollow entrance area, exposition and road surface type. Our results indicate that P. lugubris is a generalist species colonizing all suitable hollows. Its occurrence indicates suitable conditions for many other species associated with tree cavities and decaying wood.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur des Pollenkitts beiTilia (Tiliaceae)

The pollenkitt ofTilia platyphyllos andT. tomentosa is produced during the tetrade-stage by the tapetum plastides. After tapetum degeneration pollenkitt and accompanying substances are deposited predominantly in the intrabacular spaces of the exine, and only in small quantities on the surface of the exine itself.

     

Variability of Mercury Concentrations in Soil and Leaves of Acer plantanoides and Tilia platyphyllos in Poznań City,Poland

The paper presents the results of research on mercury in the soil and leaves of maple (Acer plantanoides) and linden (Tilia platyphyllos) collected in the four districts of the city of Poznań (Poland), which differ in terms of anthropogenic pressure. The average concentration of mercury in soil was 132 μg kg^?1. The highest concentration of mercury was determined in Tilia platyphyllos (233 μg kg^?1), whereas in Acer plantanoides it amounted to 207 μg kg^?1. Based on the study, it was found that the highest concentration of mercury in the investigated leaf species was observed in the samples collected in the districts of Grunwald, Je?yce, and Old Town. The lowest concentration was observed in the samples collected in the district of New Town. The comparison of the obtained results of mercury concentration in soil and leaf samples was made in terms of anthropogenic pressure in the investigated areas and depending on the studied leaf species. Based on the statistical analysis, it was found that there is no statistically significant relationship between mercury concentration in both studied species of trees. There was, however, a relationship between the mercury concentration in leaves and soil.     

Adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of the immature broadleaf trees to the flood-plain conditions

We studied the mechanisms of adaptation of immature broadleaf trees to natural placor and flood-plain conditions. Changes in the anatomical and physiological features of plants inhabiting different ecotops are considered an adaptive response of the photosynthetic apparatus.     

Genetic and clonal structures of the tree species Tilia cordata mill. in remnants of ancient forests in Denmark

The insect-pollinated forest tree Tilia cordata Mill. grows today in small fragmented populations in Denmark and other western European countries but was, in prehistoric times, a dominating species and is considered an indicator species for ancient forest. The species is known to propagate both sexually and vegetatively, forming clonal groups. Few studies have been made on the species' population genetics and on how clonality affects the population structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Danish gene pool by estimating genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as through exhaustive sampling describe clonal structures in some of the populations. Genetic analysis was carried out using nine nuclear microsatellite markers in nine populations, of which four were exhaustively or partly exhaustively sampled. The markers showed a high degree of genetic diversity but low differentiation between populations, with no geographic-related structure. Clonal structures were found in eight out of the nine populations. In the exhaustively sampled populations, recruitment strategies included both sexual and clonal reproduction with indications that clonality may be enhanced by management and other disturbances.