寡糖素对西洋参和人参愈伤组织培养的影响

红花、人参和黑节草寡糖素(简称CO、GO和DO)分别加入到培养基中,均能影响西洋参和人参愈伤组织生长和皂甙的合成。CO、GO和DO促进西洋参愈伤组织皂甙合成的最适浓度分别为5ppm、15ppm和10ppm,皂甙产率分别为14.89mg/flask、11.24mg/flask和14.53mg/flask,均明显高于对照(8.22mg/flash).CO、GO和DO促进人参愈伤组织皂甙合成的最适浓度分别为5ppm、20ppm和5ppm,皂甙产率分别为11.79mg/flask、11.20mg/flask和10.48mg/flask,均明显高于对照(6.65mg/flask),它们在适度浓度下对人参愈伤组织的生长均有促进作用。     

人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的条件培养

来自细胞悬浮培养物的条件培养基能显著地促进人参培养细胞的单细胞在较低细胞植板密度培养时的克隆形成。每毫升含3×10³个细胞时,条件培养的植板率是普通平板培养的4倍。细胞悬浮培养12－16天时所制备的条件培养基活性最大,在一定浓度范围内随条件培养基浓度增加。细胞克隆植板率随之增加。条件培养基具有一定的生理作用专一性。看护培养和条件培养的比较,表明前者在细胞密度较低时能更有效地促进细胞克隆的形成和生长。条件培养基在4℃条件下贮存两周仍保持活性稳定,并且能耐受高温处理。当受到强酸或强碱处理其活性失去．但在弱酸或弱碱条件下稳定。     

核盘菌属一新种——人参核盘菌

本文报道了采自人参(Panax ginseng C. A．Mey (保留名nom. Coiiscry))的核盘菌属一新种——人参核盘菌(Sclerotinla．Ginseng Wang C. R.,C. F. Chen et J. Chen)。该种在形态学以及可溶性蛋白、果胶(甲)酯酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶谱带等方面,均不同于已知种核盘菌(S. sclerotiorum (Lib．)de Bary),小核盘菌(S. minor Jagger)车轴草核盘菌(S．Trifoliorum Erikss．)和细辛核盘菌(S．Asari Wu et C．R. Wang)。模式标本(800719)保存于沈阳农业大学植物免疫研究室。     

人参培养细胞中活性六糖的分离及结构鉴定

将用酸水解人参细胞方法得到的寡糖素,是一组聚合度由３－１２单糖组成的水溶性混合物,经活性碳柱,ｏｗｅｘ５０（Ｈ＾＋）柱,Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－２凝胶柱后由半制备型ＯＤＳ柱在ＨＰＬＣ分离到一个六糖,通过ＧＣ,ＧＣ－ＭＳ,ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和＾１３４Ｃ－ＮＭＲ测定,推测出了这个     

Developmental and structural aspects of somatic embryos formed on medium containing 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid

Cotyledon explants of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) zygotic embryos produced somatic embryos at a high rate (68%) on medium without any growth regulators. Under this culture condition, apparent polar somatic embryogenesis occurred near the basal-excised portion of the cotyledons. When the cotyledon explants were cultured on medium containing 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), an auxin polar-transport inhibitor, the frequency of somatic embryo formation markedly decreased and was completely inhibited on medium containing 20 μM TIBA. On medium containing 5–10 μM, somatic embryos developed sporadically on the surface of the cotyledons and had a normal embryo axis but jar-shaped cotyledons. Embryos with jar-shaped cotyledons were also observed to occur at a high frequency when the early globular embryos formed on hormone-free medium were transferred to medium containing 20 μM TIBA. From these results, it was deduced that endogenous auxin in the cotyledon explants plays an important role in the induction of somatic embryos and that the cotyledon development in somatic embryos is also related to the polar transport of endogenous auxin. Received: 11 October 1996 / Revised version received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1997     

Distribution and changes of reserve materials in cotyledon cells of Panax ginseng related to direct somatic embryogenesis and germination

Cotyledon explants from zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng produced somatic embryos on Murashige and Skoog basal medium without growth regulators. Somatic embryos developed directly from epidermal cells at the cotyledon base. Somatic embryos were always formed from the side of the cotyledon opposite to the one attached to the medium surface regardless of cotyledon orientation. The frequency of somatic embryo formation from the abaxial epidermis (66%) was much higher than that from the adaxial epidermis (12%). Differences in embryogenic response were likely related to cell structure. Abaxial epidermal cells were filled with reserve materials (lipid bodies), while adaxial epidermal cells were devoid of any prominent reserves. During germination, the reserve materials in the cells of the cotyledons disappeared rapidly. At the same time, the competency of somatic embryo formation from cotyledon explants declined rapidly to zero. Upon culture of the cotyledon explants (for somatic embryo induction), lipid bodies slowly disappeared, but starch grains accumulated prominently. Reserve materials disappeared after commencement of embryogenic cell division. During germination, lipid bodies rapidly disappeared, and chloroplasts developed instead of starch grains. Received: 29 January 1997 / Revised version received: 16 April 1997 / Accepted: 9 May 1997     

Neuroprotective effect of Korea Red Ginseng extract on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a valuable herb in Asian countries that is used as a crude substance to inhibit inflammation and to enhance vitality, longevity and immunity. The protective effects of KRG against the toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) were investigated in vitro in the present study.

Methods: PC12 cells were pretreated with the water extract of KRG for 24?h, then incubated with MPP+ for 24?h. The growth of the cells was assessed using a live cell viability assay, the ratio of apoptotic cells was measured using flow cytometry and morphology of the apoptotic cells was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The expressions of caspase-3 and -9 were measured by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results: Pretreatment of the KRG extract increased cell viability significantly when compared with that of only MPP+-treated cells (p?p?p?p?Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG treatment suppresses MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by regulating caspase cascades, suggesting a possible role for KRG in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.     

人参胚胎学研究

本文对人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.)胚胎学进行较为系统的研究。主要结果如下:1.人参花药为四分孢子囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中,胞质分裂为同时型,四分孢子为四面体形。成熟花粉粒为3-细胞型。2.大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成四个线形或“T”形排列的大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。雌配子体发育属蓼型。3.在同一朵花中,对雌蕊和雄蕊发育的相关性进行了观察,并将它们与外部形态相联系。4.双受精过程属有丝分裂前配子融合类型。授粉后7-10小时,大部分雌、雄性核发生融合。5.初生胚乳核在授粉后36小时内发生第一次有丝分裂;合子休眠期较长,大约15-20天。核型胚乳。胚乳具约300个游离核时,以自由生长的细胞壁的形式细胞化。     

三七.人参和西洋参细胞悬浮培养的比较研究

用薄层层析对三七、人参和西洋参愈伤组织进行的初步鉴定表明,三种愈伤组织都含有皂甙和主要皂甙成分Rb_1、Rg_1,三七愈伤组织还含有一种抗癌皂甙Rh_1。对愈伤组织的生长,三七低于人参高于西洋参;对愈伤组织中总皂甙含量,三七均高于人参和西洋参。三种植物细胞悬浮培养结果类似于他们的愈伤组织培养,但生长又进一步提高。三七细胞悬浮培养中皂甙产生的时间进程几乎与生长平行,合适的收获期为培养30天。寡糖素不仅增强三七培养细胞的皂甙形成而且促进细胞生长,较合适的浓度为1.25 ppm。通过以上研究,使三七悬浮培养细胞的生长(干重增加178毫克)为最初培养愈伤组织的4倍以上,总皂甙产率高达20.6毫克,为最初培养愈伤组织的8.5倍。     

The Structure of a Novel Lignan,Phrymarolin-II from Phryma leptostachya L.

The ginsenosides in Panax ginseng have vast structural and pharmacological efficacies. We covalently conjugated polyethylene glycol on the surface of CK (PEG-CK) through an acid-labile ester-linkage that showed increased solubility of CK. HPLC analysis showed that the release of CK was enhanced at acidic pH 5, whereas it was dramatically decreased at physiological pH 7.4. This might enhance the efficacy of CK.