西洋参果实中抑制白菜种子发芽物质的分离与鉴定

改进了传统的发芽抑制物质的提取、分离与鉴定方法,以系统溶剂法初步提取各组分,通过TLC分离与纯化,用GC－MS联用仪进一步分离鉴定,最后以标准品核对并测定抑制物质的活性及半抑制浓度（IC50）。首次从西洋参果实中分离鉴定出水合三氯乙醛。己酸和辛酸3种发芽抑制物质,其半抑制浓度分别为577．6、128．4和87．7μl／L。     

Plant regeneration via adventitious bud formation from cotyledon explants of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Cotyledon explants of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) produced somatic embryos directly on medium without growth regulators, with 89% of the explants forming somatic embryos. Cytokinin treatment greatly suppressed somatic embryo formation but stimulated the direct formation of adventitious buds. BAP treatment was more effective than the kinetin treatment for adventitious bud formation. Auxin (0.05 mg/l IBA) in combination with cytokinin enhanced adventitious bud formation, with the highest frequency, 40%, at 0.05 mg/l IBA and 5 mg/l BAP. Adventitious buds were mainly formed near the distal portion of the cotyledons, while somatic embryos were formed near the proximal excised margins. Shoots were developed from adventitious buds after transfer to MS medium with 10 mg/l GA₃. Root formation from the shoots was obtained after the shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium with auxin (IAA). When the plants derived from adventitious buds were transferred to greenhouse soil, 36% were successfully acclimatized. Received: 7 November 1997 / Revision received: 12 January 1998 / Accepted: 7 February 1998     

胶东地区西洋参营养元素含量研究

测定了胶东地区３～５年生西洋参中氨基酸和总皂甙含量的变化情况,结果显示：氨基酸含量侧根高于主根;在同龄参中１０月采收样品氨基酸含量最高;总皂甙含量依次为则根和须根＞叶＞主根＞茎。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞克隆系的诱变筛选

紫外辐射能显著地降低人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。当紫外辐射悬浮细胞３０ｓ后,细胞克隆的植林率是对照组的２１．４３％。细胞克隆平板培养６０ｄ,挑取克隆连续转移培养３次,共获得克隆系１２２株。对所有克隆系进行变异分析并经１０代连续继代培养,从中筛选到一株稳定的高产寡糖素克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８,而且它的过氧化物酶同工酶谱特征也保持稳定。克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８的生长速率为０．５３７ｇＤＷＬ－１ｄ－１,是亲本的１．４６倍,寡糖素含量为１７．１６％ＤＷ,是亲本的１．８１倍,寡糖素产率为２．７６４ｇ／Ｌ,是亲本的２．６２倍。     

人参细胞悬浮培养中的激素调节及细胞分裂的研究

在人参细胞悬浮培养中,单使用植物生长调节剂时以Zmg/L 2,4—D和2mg/LNAA的效果较好.在不同激素组合的试验中,以2mg/L 2,4—D+2mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L KT的效果最好.悬浮条件下人参细胞的再生方式有有丝分裂、无丝分裂和出芽繁殖,其中直径为50μm以下的小型园形细胞的分裂为有丝分裂,而葫芦形、肾形、长园形及不定形的巨型细胞常表现为无丝分裂和出芽繁殖.植物激素对不同类型细胞的分裂有一定的影响作用.和愈伤组织固体培养相比,细胞悬浮培养可使细胞干重增加近5倍.     

Pfaffosides and nortriterpenoid saponins from Pfaffia paniculata

Three new nortriterpene glucuronides named pfaffosides A, B and C have been isolated from roots of Pfaffia paniculata. Their structures have been established as 3β-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-pfaffic acid, 3β-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-pfaffic acid-(28→1)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester and 3β-O-[β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]-pfaffic acid-(28→ l)-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively, based on their chemical and spectroscopic properties.     

Three acetylated polyacetylenes from the roots of Panax ginseng

Three new acetylated polyacetylenes named ginsenoynes F, G and H were isolated from the hexane extract of the roots of Panax ginseng. The structures were determinated by spectral and chemical methods.     

Simultaneous determination of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng with different growth ages using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

The contents of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng not only vary in different parts of the root, but also exhibit yearly variation. In this study, an HPLC-MS method was established in order to simultaneously analyse ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2. The concentration of ginsenosides in the tap root and root fibre were compared and the yearly variations of nine ginsenosides elucidated. The results indicate that the total content of ginsenosides in the main root and the root fibre both attain a maximum level in the fourth year of growth, although the amount in the former is much higher than in the latter. The variation in the content of ginsenosides during a 2-6 year period suggests that cultivated P. Ginseng can be harvested after the fourth year. The current results will provide useful information for the quality control and good agricultural practice farming of ginseng.     

人参的遗传改良*

遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一,而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生,间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径,从不同外植体,不同碳源,体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面,发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功,人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参,得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷,讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用,发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养,最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。     

十八反中藜芦与人参配伍化学成分变化的UPLC/Q-TOFMS研究

利用超高液相色谱串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC/Q-TOFMS）对中药十八反药对藜芦与人参配伍的合煎液与单煎后的合并液进行检测,经过MassLynx4.1软件分析,结果表明其化学成分存在差异,与人参配伍合煎后部分藜芦类甾体生物碱,如藜芦定碱、芥藜芦碱类、棋盘花胺类等的溶出增加,有可能致毒性增加;藜芦与人参配伍同时降低了人参皂苷类药效成分的含量,具有增毒减效的作用.