llizarov骨搬运技术治疗胫骨骨缺损的疗效及术后延迟愈合或不愈合的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨 llizarov骨搬运技术治疗胫骨骨缺损的疗效及术后延迟愈合或不愈合的影响因素分析。方法：选取 2016年 6月-2020年 10月本院收治的 90例胫骨骨缺损患者为研究对象,患者均给予 llizarov骨搬运技术治疗。对患者的手术效果指标、并发症发生率进行记录统计。并对患者进行门诊随访观察,统计患者延迟愈合或不愈合的发生情况,据此将患者分为愈合组和延迟愈合或不愈合组。采用单因素及多因素 Logistic回归分析患者术后延迟愈合或不愈合发生的影响因素。结果：患者住院时间为(12.11± 2.98)d、开始负重时间为(45.39± 7.78)d、完全负重时间(76.41± 11.23)d。患者术后并发症发生率为 8.89%(8/90)。经随访观察,共有 29例患者出现术后延迟愈合或不愈合,发生率为 32.22%（29/90）。而延迟愈合或不愈合组患者的伤口感染、合并软组织损伤、合并腓骨骨折、术后过早活动及有吸烟史的人数占比高于愈合组患者(P<0.05)。经多因素 Logistic回归分析显示：伤口感染、合并软组织损伤、合并腓骨骨折、术后过早活动、有吸烟史是患者术后延迟愈合或不愈合的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：llizarov骨搬运技术治疗胫骨骨缺损的疗效较好,患者的手术时间短、术中失血量少、住院时间、开始负重时间均较短,并发症发生率低,治疗安全性较好,但患者易出现术后延迟愈合或不愈合现象,可能与伤口感染、合并软组织损伤、合并腓骨骨折、术后过早活动、吸烟史有关。     

Impact of transversal calf muscle loading on plantarflexion

Muscle compression commonly occurs in daily life (for instance wearing backpacks or compression garments, and during sitting). However, the effects of the compression on contraction dynamics in humans are not well examined. The aim of the study was to quantify the alterations of contraction dynamics and muscle architecture in human muscle with external transverse loads.The posterior tibialis nerve of 29 subjects was stimulated to obtain the maximal double-twitch force of the gastrocnemius muscle with and without transverse compression that was generated using an indentor. The muscle architecture was determined by a sonographic probe that was embedded within the indentor. Five stimulations each were conducted at 5 conditions: (1) pretest (unloaded), (2) indentor loading with 2 kg, (3) 4.5 kg, (4) 10 kg, and (5) posttest (unloaded).Compared to the pretest maximal force decreased by 9%, 13% and 16% for 2 kg, 4.5 kg and 10 kg, respectively. The half-relaxation time increased with increased transverse load whereas the rate of force development decreased from pretest to 2 kg and from 4.5 kg to 10 kg. The lifting height of the indentor increased with transverse load from 2 kg to 4.5 kg but decreased from 4.5 kg to 10 kg. Increases in pennation during the twitches were reduced at the highest transverse load.The results demonstrate changes of the contraction dynamics due to transversal muscle loading. Those alterations are associated with the applied pressure, changes in muscle architecture and partitioning of muscle force in transversal and longitudinal direction.     

不同黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折疗效比较

目的:探讨不同黏度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2016年1月～2018年6月滁州市第一人民医院收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者90例,按照随机数字表法分为高黏度组42例和低黏度组48例,分别采用高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术和低黏度骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗。比较两组单个椎体手术时间、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏发生情况。所有患者术后随访3个月,比较两组术前、术后3个月疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分、Oswestry功能(ODI)评分、椎体中间高度和Cobb角变化。结果:高黏度组单个椎体手术时间少于低黏度组(P0.05),两组骨水泥注入量、骨水泥弥散体积比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。高黏度组骨水泥总渗漏率低于低黏度组(P0.05)。两组患者术前NRS评分、ODI评分、椎体中间高度和Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月两组NRS评分、ODI评分和Cobb角较术前降低,椎体中间高度较术前升高,且高黏度组NRS评分、ODI评分和Cobb角低于低黏度组,椎体中间高度高于低黏度组(P0.05)。结论:高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效较低黏度骨水泥更佳,术后总渗漏率更低,脊柱畸形矫正、脊柱功能恢复更佳,同时疼痛也明显降低,适于临床推广。     

椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉治疗胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折采用椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉固定的临床疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2012年2月~2014年2月我院收治的胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者分为两组,观察组行经皮椎体成形术,对照组行椎弓根螺丝钉固定,术后比较两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组治疗前VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后的VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度较治疗前均有所改善,观察组改善程度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后两组不良反应主要有伤口感染,症状复发,脊髓损伤,肺栓塞,恶心、呕吐等,观察组症状复发率,恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折行经皮椎体成形术具有疗效好,并发症少等特点,临床有重要参考价值。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术联合唑来膦酸治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的:探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术联合唑来膦酸(密固达)治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾我科收治的120例绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,经X片、CT、MRI证实存在脊柱椎体压缩性骨折,经双能X线吸收测定法推测骨质疏松的程度。其中96例新鲜骨折均行经皮椎体后凸成形术(双侧)手术。术后第三天给予密固达5 mg(100 m L)静滴。对96例患者术前、术后1周、末次随访术前VAS评分、功能障碍指数(ODI)、JOA评分进行比较。结果:94例患者得以随访,随访时间为术后3月~36月,平均24月。16例出现不同程度的骨水泥渗漏,渗漏部位为椎体前缘或椎间隙。术后一周,末次随访的VAS、JOA评分和ODI与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P值均小于0.00)。末次随访与术后一周比较无统计学意义(P值分别为0.18、0.49、0.50)。结论:PKP联合唑来膦酸治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折具有安全、有效、持久等优势。     

胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的疗效

目的:探讨胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的临床效果。方法:选择2014年3月-2015年3月本院收治的老年胫腓骨远端骨折患者100例,根据手术方式不同分为减张组和内固定组。减张组行胫前减张切口结合锁定加压钢板内固定术,内固定组行锁定加压钢板内固定术。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、并发症的发生率以及AOFAS评分。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);减张组患者骨折愈合时间短于内固定组,并发症的发生率低于内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者AOFAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。减张组患者的手术优良率高于内固定组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫前减张切口结合LCP内固定治疗老年胫腓骨远端骨折的临床效果显著,值得推广应用。     

胫骨远端锁定加压钢板与解剖型钢板内固定治疗Pilon骨折的疗效比较

目的:研究胫骨远端锁定加压钢板(LCP)内固定与解剖型钢板内固定术治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效,为其治疗提供临床依据。方法:选择2010年1月~2014年12月本院收治的Pilon骨折患者共90例,按照随机数字表法随机分为LCP组(采用胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗)和对照组(采用解剖型钢板内固定治疗),比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间和术后疗效。结果:LCP组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后愈合时间均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LCP组患者术后疗效总优良率为89.6%高于对照组的76.2%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫骨远端LCP内固定治疗Pilon骨折,具有创伤小、手术时间和术后愈合时间短、术中出血量少、术后疗效总优良率高的优点,是治疗Pilon骨折的有效方法     

Single‐nucleotide polymorphism discovery and validation in high‐density SNP array for genetic analysis in European white oaks

An Illumina Infinium SNP genotyping array was constructed for European white oaks. Six individuals of Quercus petraea and Q. robur were considered for SNP discovery using both previously obtained Sanger sequences across 676 gene regions (1371 in vitro SNPs) and Roche 454 technology sequences from 5112 contigs (6542 putative in silico SNPs). The 7913 SNPs were genotyped across the six parental individuals, full‐sib progenies (one within each species and two interspecific crosses between Q. petraea and Q. robur) and three natural populations from south‐western France that included two additional interfertile white oak species (Q. pubescens and Q. pyrenaica). The genotyping success rate in mapping populations was 80.4% overall and 72.4% for polymorphic SNPs. In natural populations, these figures were lower (54.8% and 51.9%, respectively). Illumina genotype clusters with compression (shift of clusters on the normalized x‐axis) were detected in ~25% of the successfully genotyped SNPs and may be due to the presence of paralogues. Compressed clusters were significantly more frequent for SNPs showing a priori incorrect Illumina genotypes, suggesting that they should be considered with caution or discarded. Altogether, these results show a high experimental error rate for the Infinium array (between 15% and 20% of SNPs potentially unreliable and 10% when excluding all compressed clusters), and recommendations are proposed when applying this type of high‐throughput technique. Finally, results on diversity levels and shared polymorphisms across targeted white oaks and more distant species of the Quercus genus are discussed, and perspectives for future comparative studies are proposed.     

Incorporation of Cestrum diurnum leaf improves intestinal Ca transport in broilers

The economy of Ca utilization is under the control of vitamin D₃, particularly its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxy cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)₂D₃]. In sufficient Ca absorption leads to tibial dyschondroplasia resulting in not attaining optimum body weight. Our earlier studies [T.P. Prema, N. Raghuramulu, Phytochemistry 37 (1994) 167] have shown that the Cestrum diurnum (CD) leaves contain vitamin D₃ metabolites. It was felt whether incorporation of CD as a source of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ could improve the Ca absorption in broilers. Four groups of 60 birds each were fed with either normal diet or normal diet + 0.25% CD or normal diet without vitamin D₃ or normal diet without vitamin D₃ + 0.25% CD leaf powder for 45 days. In subsample of six birds it was observed that incorporation of CD leaves in the feed had the maximal effect on all the parameters studied. The results indicate that the intestinal Ca transport as represented by Serosa/Mucosa (S/M) ratio was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher in broilers fed diet with CD leaf powder and the 1α hydroxylase activity in kidney is significantly (p < 0.001) higher in negative controls. On the other hand the supplementation of CD leaves enhanced the serum Ca, body weight, tibia weight, density and strength resulting in the disappearance of tibial dyschondroplasia. No lesions of toxicity were observed in any of the soft tissue examined. The results suggest that the incorporation of CD leaf powder in poultry feed could be beneficial to the poultry.