长白山阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林种子雨组成及其季节动态

为了解阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林的种子雨组成及其在时间和空间上的动态变化,在长白山阔叶红松林25 hm2样地内,设置了150个种子收集器,收集掉落于种子收集器中的果实、种子等.所有收集到的样品分别鉴定其种类并分为成熟种实、未成熟种实、花序和果实或种子碎片及其附属物4类,计算各类别的数量,而后分别烘干秤重.从2005年6月到2006年11月,共收集到隶属11科12属20种的种实及其生殖器官残体.累计收集到121291粒种实,其中成熟种实23147粒,仅占所有种实总个体数的19.1%.种实数最多的树种是紫椴(Tilia amurensis)和水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica),两个树种种实的个体数占总个体数的90%.对2006年5月～11月种子雨季节动态的分析发现:种实在7月中旬至10月下旬数量极大,但主要由未成熟种实组成;在10月中旬出现成熟种实散落高峰,但未成熟种实仍占一定的比例.按每个收集器收集到的成熟种实数统计,成熟种实数量在100～200之间的收集器数量最多.按每个收集器收集到的树种数统计,收集器中最多收到的树种数为7,树种数为3和4的收集器个数最多.对6个主要树种成熟种实所在收集器的空间分布进行分析发现,紫椴和水曲柳的成熟种实在整个样地都有分布,春榆(Ulmus japonica)、糠椴(T. mandshurica)、色木槭(Acer mono)和假色槭(A. pseudo-sieboldianum)则只在样地的局部区域收集到成熟种实.成熟种实的空间分布与母树的空间分布大都表现出明显的相关性,表明这些树种的成熟种实并没有扩散到离母树较远的距离.     

甘肃兴隆山林区马麝(Moschus chrysogaster)隔离种群的生态特征

兴隆山林区大约在300a前就已完全隔离。现有马麝种群的密度高而相对稳定,约为30－50头／km^2,在目前密度与系统压力下,种群数量基本稳定在5000头左右,但却面临着疾病、营养不良与偷猎的威胁。因此应努力建立一个“以开发养保护,以保护促发展”的良性循环模式,从而为我国自然保护区的建设和发展树立典范。     

Resistance to Bark Beetle Attack in Caribbean Pine: Potential Role of 4‐Allylanisole1

In the Neotropics, Caribbean pine is subject to epidemic attack by southern pine beetle. We found significantly higher levels (>2.5%) of 4‐allylanisole in the monoterpenoid fraction of the oleoresin of trees in stands with high beetle‐induced mortality, and a negative association between magnitude of attack and levels of 4‐allylanisole in individual trees. Results also suggest that individual trees with low 4‐allylanisole levels may escape attack if they occur in stands characterized by high levels of this compound.     

不同海拔对七子花叶片色素含量、含水量及比叶面积的影响

通过比较浙江大盘山不同海拔(A1:550~660 m,A2:700~800 m,A3:900~990 m,A4:1 000~1 015 m,A5:1 020~1 100 m)七子花(Heptacodium miconioides)叶片色素含量、含水量及比叶面积变化,探讨不同海拔对七子花生长的影响。结果表明,随着海拔的升高,叶绿素含量(包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b)先增加后减少,在A3达最高值;叶绿素a/b比值、类胡萝卜素含量变化呈先低后高,在A3降至最低;比叶面积及叶片含水量,在较高海拔A4、A5都明显下降。七子花通过叶片色素、比叶面积、干重和含水量的变化以适应高海拔环境。     

2000—2015年祁连山南坡生态系统服务价值时空变化

祁连山是我国西部重要的生态安全屏障和生物多样性保护优先区域,其中南坡地区是水源涵养服务核心区,但目前对该区域生态系统服务时空分布及动态变化仍缺乏深入认识。利用遥感技术和生态系统服务理论,综合多源数据产品,借鉴生态系统服务计算方法,对包括土壤保持等7个生态系统服务类型展开功能及价值核算,对祁连山南坡土壤保持等7个生态系统服务类型2000—2015年间的时空分异及动态展开监测和评估,研究表明:(1)近16年来祁连山南坡生态系统服务平均单位面积价值为76.27万元/km²,总价值为658.74亿元,且调节气候、水源涵养和调节空气质量服务构成了研究区生态系统服务的主体。(2)高寒草甸和高寒草原的生态系统服务总价值最高,而森林和灌丛的单位面积服务价值最高;天峻县和祁连县的生态系统服务总价值最高,而海晏县和刚察县的单位面积服务价值最高。(3)近16年来祁连山南坡生态系统服务价值呈增长趋势,其中调节气候和调节空气质量服务价值的增速最快,且增长区域主要集中在研究区北部祁连县和天峻县境内。(4)研究区东部山区、南部环湖区以及中部湿地区能够提供多项复合生态服务功能,应作为生态保护和管...     

广东阴那山森林植被及其垂直分布特征

探讨了阴那山自然保护区的森林植被特征,并着重分析了其垂直分布规律.结果表明:该植被具明显的垂直带结构,各带植物群落特征明显,优势科包括壳斗科、樟科、山茶科、茜草科、杜英科、鼠刺科、金缕梅科、安息香科、杜鹃花科等;优势种亦以热带亚热带成分占绝对优势,依据生态外貌和群落特征,该植被可分为5个植被型、10个植被亚型、15个群系和19个群丛.代表性植被类型为南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林,群落类型多样.     

Intestinal parasites and bacteria of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda

A survey in 1994 examined intestinal helminths and bacterial flora of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Parasites and bacteria were identified to genus in the feces of two groups of tourist-habituated and one group of non-tourist-habituated mountain gorillas. Eggs were identified as those of an anoplocephalid cestode, and nematode eggs representative of the genera: Trichuris, Ascaris, Oesophagostomum, Strongyloides, and Trichostrongylus. This is the first report of Ascaris lumbricoides-like eggs in mountain gorillas. Fecal samples (n=76) from all groups contained helminth eggs, with strongyle eggs and anoplocephalid eggs being the most common. Salmonella and Campylobacter were found in both gorilla groups. Regular long-term non-invasive fecal monitoring of the populations of mountain gorillas is essential for the prevention and identification of potential health threats by intestinal parasites and bacteria in this highly endangered subspecies.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with corrections to the cover date of the issue.     

Silvopastoralism in the Alps: Native plant species selection under different grazing pressure

To evaluate the suitability of wood pastures as a managing tool in subalpine regions it is essential to know more about the influence of grazing on the ground vegetation. This study assessed native plant species selection by cattle at different stocking rates, feeding habits and site preferences of cattle. Based on the results, conclusions concerning the value of silvopastoral systems in the Alps were drawn. A field study on six different wood pasture areas, grazed by cattle at different stocking rates, was accompanied by an experiment on three adjoining areas of 0.51 ha each, stocked with either three, six, or nine heifers. Plant species were recorded in plots of 20 cm × 20 cm before and after grazing, and the intensity of grazing on each species was assessed. At low stocking rates, grasses and tall species were most intensely grazed, while at higher stocking rates the intake of forbs and small species increased. Since no relationship was found between nutritional value and species preference, other factors such as accessibility of a plant seem to be important for the feeding preferences of cattle. The preference for grasses at low and medium stocking rates suggests that an increased growth of forbs might lead to an increase in plant species diversity.     

广东省种子植物分布新资料

报道广东省种子植物分布新记录2属——甜茅属(Glyceria R. Br.)及锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)，2个新记录种——甜茅[Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica (Steud.) T. Koyama et Kawano]及锦鸡儿[Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder]，均发现于丹霞山国家级自然保护区。新记录的发现对于研究丹霞山的区系发生具有一定指示意义。     

广西姑婆山及邻近地区大型真菌物种多样性

姑婆山紧邻南岭生物多样性保护优先区，孕育了丰富的生物资源。为了解该区域大型真菌物种多样性，该文采用随机踏查法对广西姑婆山自治区级自然保护区(以下简称姑婆山)及邻近地区大型真菌资源进行调查采集，并结合形态学和分子生物学方法进行物种鉴定。结果表明：(1)共发现348种大型真菌，隶属于2门6纲17目69科175属，其中包含食用菌40种、药用菌42种、毒菌7种。(2)对该区的物种组成分析表明，优势科为蘑菇科(Agaricaceae)、牛肝菌科(Boletaceae)、粉褶蕈科(Entolomataceae)和锈革菌科(Hymenochaetaceae)等9科；优势属为鹅膏属(Amanita)、靴耳属(Crepidotus)、毛皮伞属(Crinipellis)和粉褶蕈属(Entoloma)等11属。(3)共发现2个中国特有属，即脆孔菌属(Fragiliporia)和臧氏牛肝菌属(Zangia);11个中国特有种，即厚集毛菌(Coltricia crassa)、魏氏集毛菌(C.weii)、丛生粉褶蕈(Entoloma caespitosum)、极细粉褶蕈(E.praegracile)、近薄囊粉褶蕈...