In vitro evaluation of combination of Trichoderma harzianum and chitosan for the control of sapstain fungi

In vitro assays were undertaken to evaluate the control of two sapstain fungi, Leptographium procerum and Sphaeropsis sapinea by a combination of chitosan or chitosan oligomer and an albino strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Spore germination and hyphal growth of the test fungi were assessed on media amended with chitosan or chitosan oligomer with and without T. harzianum using either simultaneous inoculation with test fungus or inoculation 1, 2, or 3 days after pre-infection with test fungus.There was no mycelial growth of the test fungi regardless of chitosan concentrations used when either L. procerum or S. sapinea was simultaneously inoculated with T. harzianum. However, the dose–response of chitosan or chitosan oligomer on the test fungi was apparent when T. harzianum was not simultaneously inoculated with test fungus but introduced later. There was a greater growth reduction at higher concentrations (0.075–0.1% v/v) of chitosan, and overall chitosan oligomer was more effective than chitosan aqueous solution.Chitosan alone was able to restrict or delay the germination of spores but the combination of chitosan and T. harzianum inhibited spore germination and hence colony formation of test fungi regardless of time delay.     

Survey and phylogenetic analysis of culturable microbes in the oral secretions of three bark beetle species

In a recent study, we reported a previously undescribed behavior in which a bark beetle exuded oral secretions containing bacteria that have antifungal properties, and hence defend their galleries against pervasive antagonistic Hyphomycete fungi. Actinobacteria, a group known for their antibiotic properties, were the most effective against fungi that invade the spruce beetle galleries. In the present study, we describe the isolation and identification of microorganisms from oral secretions of three bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini Say. Bacteria isolated from these three species span the major bacterial classes α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, except for D. ponderosae , which yielded no α-proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes isolates. Spruce beetles and pine engraver beetles had similar numbers of α-proteobacteria isolates, but pine engravers yielded twice as many Bacteroidetes isolates as spruce beetles. In contrast, mountain pine beetles yielded more isolates in the β- and γ-proteobacteria than spruce beetles and pine engravers. The highest percentage of Actinobacteria was obtained from spruce beetles, followed by pine engravers and mountain pine beetles. All of the fungal isolates obtained from the three beetle species were Ascomycetes. The greatest fungal diversity was obtained in spruce beetles, which had nine species, followed by pine engravers with five, and mountain pine beetles with one.     

真菌漆酶异源表达研究进展

由于漆酶能够氧化芳香类化合物和其它一些非芳香类有机物,具有广泛的底物特异性,因此在纸浆漂白、纺织品染料脱色、有毒废弃物的去除、生物修复和生物传感器等方面具有巨大的应用潜力。但是缺少大量廉价的酶源供应阻碍了漆酶商业化的应用,解决这个问题的一个主要方法就是通过漆酶的异源表达来获得大量的漆酶。综述了真菌漆酶在酵母表达系统和丝状真菌表达系统中表达的研究结果,着重总结了影响漆酶异源表达的因素和提高漆酶表达的策略。     

Characteristics of aSerratia plymuthica isolate from plant rhizospheres

An isolate (G15) of a bacterium, frequently isolated from roots of various plant species, was identified asSerratia plymuthica. At low temperature (viz. 2–8°C), the studied isolated readily produced a red pigment which proved useful in recognizing the bacteria on reisolation. In laboratory tests it exhibited strong antagonism againstBotrytis cinerea andGerlachia nivalis and moderate antagonism againstRhizoctonia solani, Fusarium culmorum andPythium sp. The bacterium significantly increased growth of lettuce plants when applied to the roots under non-sterile conditions in greenhouse tests. Various strains ofSerratia plymuthica are supposed to be common as rhizosphere bacteria under Swedish conditions.     

楸树实生苗和嫁接苗根相关真菌群落结构和多样性

以1、2、3年生的楸树实生苗和嫁接苗(梓树砧木)根系为研究对象,通过对ITS rDNA区域标记扩增子的Illumina MiSeq测序,分析不同苗龄楸树实生苗和嫁接苗根相关真菌的结构组成和多样性.获得根相关真菌OTU共842个,分属4门、24纲、70目、134科、233属、347种;丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular ...     

猴头菌和金针菇漆酶对不同染料的降解

利用漆酶(laccase)处理染料废水是近年来研究的热点.本研究以猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和金针菇Flammulina filiformis的发酵液为试验材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析和超滤等方法,对发酵液中的漆酶进行了初步的分离纯化,然后分别研究了两种初提纯漆酶及其与小分子介体组成的漆酶介体系统...     

变黄黑文衣,中国黑文衣属地衣一新记录种

通过对文字衣科黑文衣属形态学、解剖学、化学与分子生物学的研究,发现中国新记录种1种,即变黄黑文衣(Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno&Eliasaro),该种主要特征为地衣体壳状,表面浅黄绿色,无光泽,光滑;子囊盘弯曲,多分支,聚生于假子座中;盘缘黑色,相邻线盘之间有小缝隙,盘面较平坦,黑色,覆有白色粉霜;子囊层无色透明,侧丝顶端分支;子囊含8个子囊孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,(4～)6胞室,大小19～25.5μm×6～7μm,I+紫红色。该种分布于云南和福建,该研究丰富了对中国黑文衣属物种组成与分布的认知。     

Efficiency of Nimbecidine and certain entomopathogenic fungi formulations against bean aphids,Aphis craccivora in broad bean field

This study investigates the effect of certain entomopathogenic fungi formulations (Beauveria bassiana, Verticillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) compared with a botanical insecticide, Nimbecidine against Aphis craccivora in broad bean field. Bio-Catch (Verticillium lecanii) was the most effective insecticide to achieve 73.3% reduction followed by Nimbecidine (67.7%), Bio-Magic (61.6%), Priority (50.3%) and the least effective was Bio- Power (Beauveria bassiana) which caused 45.5% reduction in individual aphid populations after two sprayings at 15 days interval between the first and the second sprayings. Bio-Catch and Nimbecidine had promise compounds in controlling Aphis craccivora in faba bean fields.     

一株产酶真菌Phaeophlebiopsis sp.转录组分析

对从药渣中分离的真菌ZYJHYZ254进行鉴定及产酶活性研究,从转录组分析菌株不同生长时期差异表达基因对其生长发育及产酶调控的影响,以筛选高产木质纤维素水解酶真菌,寻找调控关键基因。鉴定ZYJHYZ254为拟暗射脉菌Phaeophlebiopsis sp.,产酶在第5-7天最高。从生长3 d与7 d的菌丝中共检测到1 232个差异基因,以3 d的菌丝为对照,显著上调、下调基因分别有826及406个,基因注释和GO、KEGG功能富集分析结果表明差异表达基因主要与蛋白质合成、代谢及酶合成相关。此外,共有387个CAZymes基因表达,GH数量最多,约占49.61%,其次为AA (97)与GT (62),约占25.06%与16.02%。GH16 (24个)占GH的12.50%,含量最多,主要编码葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖酶等,AA中AA3 (37个)占比38.14%,编码氧化酶、脱氢酶等。结果表明ZYJHYZ254中生长3 d与7 d的菌丝经功能富集分析发现差异表达基因主要与蛋白质合成、代谢,以及酶合成相关。进一步研究发现在两个生长时期中CAZymes基因表达最多的是GH16与AA3,预示了该菌葡萄糖苷酶、木聚糖酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、氧化酶与脱氢酶含量最丰富,对降解特殊生物质中的木质纤维素具有重要意义。     

The Role of Ceramide Synthases in the Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans

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