Purification and characterization of an ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase from Thermococcus zilligii

The ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Thermococcus zilligii has been purified 950 fold; it had a specific activity of 190 U mg⁻¹. The enzyme required Mg²⁺ ions for optimal activity and was specific for ADP. The forward reaction kinetics were hyperbolic for both cosubstrates (pH optimum of 6.4), and the apparent K _m values for ADP and fructose-6-phosphate were 0.6 mM (apparent V _max of 243 U mg⁻¹) and 1.47 mM (apparent V _max of 197 U mg⁻¹), respectively. Significantly, the enzyme is indicated to be nonallosteric but was slightly activated by some monovalent cations including Na⁺ and K⁺. The protein had a subunit size of 42.2 kDa and an estimated native molecular weight of 66 kDa (gel filtration). Maximal reaction rates for the reverse reaction were attained at pH 7.5–8.0, and the apparent K _m values for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and AMP were 0.56 mM (apparent V _max of 2.9 U mg⁻¹) and 12.5 mM, respectively. The biochemical characteristics of this unique ADP-dependent enzymatic activity are compared to ATP and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases. Received: August 14, 1998 / Accepted: December 2, 1998     

Isoprenoid quinone, cellular fatty acid composition and diaminopimelic acid isomers of newly classified thermophilic anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria

The configuration of quinone systems, cellular fatty acids and diaminopimelic acids in 11 species of thermophilic clostridia which have been classified into new genera based on their 16S rRNA sequences was determined. It was found that menaquinone 7 was present in 10 species as the major component of menaquinone systems by analyses using HPLC with photodiode-array detector and electron impact mass spectrometry. In seven of the 11 species, the major cellular fatty acids were determined to be iso-15:0 and iso-17:0. As a results of chemotaxonomic studies it was demonstrated that the representatives of the new genera Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobacterium were heterogeneous in their chemical composition, whereas strains of the new genus Moorella and of the new unnamed genus which is composed of (Clostridium) stercorarium and (Clostridium) thermolacticum showed homogeneity in their chemotaxonomic characteristics.     

Fractionation of sulfur isotopes during dissimilatory reduction of sulfate by a thermophilic gram-negative bacterium at 60 °C

Sulfur isotope (³⁴S/³²S) fractionation during reduction of dissolved sulfate was investigated with a growing batch culture of a thermophilic, gram-negative, sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain MT-96) at 60 °C. The completely oxidizing strain was isolated from geothermally heated sediments of a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in the Mediterranean Sea. The hydrogen sulfide produced in the experiments was enriched in ³²S by approximately 19‰ as compared to sulfate, which indicates that stable isotope discrimination by this thermophile is within the range found previously for mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, and only slightly higher than that observed for the thermophilic gram-positive Desulfotomaculum nigrificans. Received: 1 December 1998 / Accepted: 25 May 1999     

不同消毒方法对家蚕微粒子的存活和侵染力影响

家蚕微粒子病是家蚕Bombyx mori的重要病害,探索其消毒杀灭方法对蚕业生产具有重要意义。本研究采用微粒子染色法和添食家蚕侵染法测试了温度、紫外线和消毒剂处理108个/mL家蚕微粒子后对家蚕微粒子的消杀作用,结果表明：温度对家蚕微粒子虫灭活温度为60℃处理30 min以上;使用20 wx功率紫外灯距离50 cm照射12 min及以上时,微粒子死亡率为47.70%,对家蚕侵染率为0;三氯异氰脲酸800 mg/L及以上浓度处理6 min以上家蚕微粒子死亡率为100%,对家蚕的侵染率为0;戊二醛癸甲溴铵200 mg/L及以上浓度处理6 min以上家蚕微粒子死亡率为100%,对家蚕的侵染率为0。3种消毒方法中温度法主要用于小型蚕具消杀微粒子;紫外线用于蚕业辅助设施的表面微粒子的消杀;三氯异氰脲酸和戊二醛癸甲溴铵均表现出较好的消杀效果,其中戊二醛癸甲溴铵较含氯的消毒剂三氯异氰脲酸稳定性强,刺激性小,对养蚕的金属腐蚀性小,可作为含氯消毒剂的部分替代使用。本研究结果可为蚕业生产中消杀微粒子提供参考。     

景宁木兰组织培养外植体选择与抗褐化研究

该研究以景宁木兰(Magnolia sinostellata)为材料,从外植体类型的选择、消毒时间、预处理方法、离体培养条件和抗褐化剂类型选择等方面进行综合研究,以期筛选出景宁木兰组织培养的最佳方案。结果表明:利用0.1%氯化汞(HgCl_2)浸泡处理14和8 min分别是景宁木兰叶片和带芽茎段、根部的最佳消毒时间;景宁木兰叶片及茎段的褐化率在暗培养7 d时,分别为60.00%和56.67%,14 d时显著升高,而根部则在暗培养14 d时褐化率最低(45%);利用1 g·L~(-1)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)浸泡预处理景宁木兰外植体6 h可显著降低(P0.05)其褐化程度,处理后叶片、带芽茎段和根部的褐化率分别降至45.00%、28.33%和63.33%。不同的抗褐化剂均可减轻外植体的褐化程度,但针对不同外植体其效果不同。景宁木兰叶片最佳抗褐化剂为0.02 g·L~(-1)硝酸银(AgNO_3),可使其褐化率降低至16.67%,成活率为11.67%;带芽茎段和根部的最优抗褐化剂为2 g·L~(-1)柠檬酸(CA),褐化率分别降至30.00%和5.00%,成活率依次为50.00%和76.67%。综上所述,带芽茎段和根部抗褐化处理后褐化率较低且成活率较高,为景宁木兰组织培养最佳外植体。     

同源过表达BglR对嗜热毁丝霉β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

目的:克隆嗜热毁丝霉(Myceliophthora thermophila ATCC42464)bglr基因,构建Mtbglr过表达载体,研究同源过表达bglr对嗜热毁丝霉β-葡萄糖苷酶活性及总纤维素酶活性的影响。方法:利用SLIC技术构建Mtbglr过表达载体;使用MtPpdc启动子及MtTpdc终止子将该基因进行同源过表达;利用原生质体转化、实时荧光定量PCR和酶活测定等技术实现bglr基因在嗜热毁丝霉中表达及酶活水平的鉴定。结果:成功构建Mtbglr过表达载体,并转化嗜热毁丝霉,结果表明,诱导培养条件下,转化子Mt8菌株的β-葡萄糖苷酶活性和胞外蛋白质浓度分别是WT菌株的1.7倍和1.9倍。结论:bglr基因对嗜热毁丝霉β-葡萄糖苷酶活性具有增强作用,为嗜热真菌β-葡萄糖苷酶基因调控奠定了理论基础。     

长尖对齿藓原丝体快速培育的关键影响因子研究

为了给苔藓结皮野外恢复的大规模接种提供丰富种源,本文利用0.1% NaClO（10、15、20、30、45、60、120 s）和0.1% HgCl₂（10、15、20、30、45、60、120 s）两种消毒液,采用Knop、MS和Hoagland 3种培养基,设置5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8、8.5七个水平的pH值,通过单因素试验设计方法,测定长尖对齿藓[Didymodon ditrichoides（Broth.）]茎叶体的成活率、原丝体长度和分枝数等指标,探讨影响长尖对齿藓原丝体扩繁的关键因子。结果表明：（1）消毒方式、培养基及pH均对长尖对齿藓茎叶体的成活率、原丝体长度和分枝数有显著影响（P<0.05）,影响大小依次均为消毒方式 > 培养基 > pH;（2）最适合的消毒方式为：0.1% NaClO消毒15~20 s;（3）最适合长尖对齿藓原丝体生长的培养基是Knop和Hoagland培养基;（4）最适合长尖对齿藓原丝体生长的pH是7.5。从而得出快速培育长尖对齿藓原丝体的最佳组合为：0.1% NaClO消毒15~20 s+Hoagland/Knop+pH=7.5。本文的研究结果可以缩短长尖对齿藓生长周期以进行快速繁殖,为苔藓结皮的快速培育以及工程化应用提供一定的借鉴。     

Interactions between humic matter and bacteria when disinfecting water with UV light

Aims:  To investigate the impact of aquatic humic matter on the inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis by ultraviolet (UV) light.
Methods and Results:  A bench-scale study investigated the potential for Aldrich^® humic acid (AHA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM) to coat the surface of E. coli and B. subtilis and offer protection from low-pressure UV light. UV doses of 5 and 14 mJ cm⁻² were applied using a collimated beam at four concentrations of humic matter (0, 10, 50 and 120 mg l⁻¹) in reagent grade water. Both AHA and SR-NOM were found to offer statistically significant protection of both E. coli and B. subtilis at concentrations of 50 and 120 mg l⁻¹ for a UV dose of 14 mJ cm⁻².
Conclusions:  Both E. coli and B. subtilis are susceptible to coating by humic matter which can reduce the sensitivity of the cells to UV light.
Significance and impact of the study:  Micro-organisms in the environment may acquire characteristics through interaction with humic matter that render them more resistant to UV disinfection than would be predicted based on laboratory inactivation studies using clean cells.