Length–weight relationships of seven fish species in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters,Eastern China

The length–weight relationships (LWRs) for seven fish species belonging to five families in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters are presented. Cynoglossus gracilis, Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, Ctenotrypauchen chinensis, Collichthys niveatus, Ophichthus apicalis and Erisphex potti were collected monthly in 2009 using trammel nets (the size of smaller mesh net was 1.5 m × 15 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 2.5, 3.4, 4.3 and 5.8 cm; the size of larger-mesh net was 2.4 m × 30 m × 4 panels with mesh sizes of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 cm; soaking overnight). Lophiogobius ocellicauda were collected December in 2020 using shrimp trawl nets (mesh size 2.0 cm). The precision of measurement for the fish specimens is 0.1 cm total length and 0.1 g total weight. The estimated ranges of the parameters a and b for the seven fish species were from 0.0001 to 0.0289 and 2.718 to 3.541, respectively. Two new maximum total length were recorded for Ctenotrypauchen chinensis and Ophichthus apicalis.     

湖北南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三纪轮藻化石及其地层意义

本文研究了南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三系玉皇顶组到凤凰镇组轮藻化石。共划分出４个组合,其时代分别属早始新世、中始新世、晚始新世和渐新世。     

Projecting future grassland productivity to assess the sustainability of potential biofuel feedstock areas in the Greater Platte River Basin

This study projects future (e.g., 2050 and 2099) grassland productivities in the Greater Platte River Basin (GPRB) using ecosystem performance (EP, a surrogate for measuring ecosystem productivity) models and future climate projections. The EP models developed from a previous study were based on the satellite vegetation index, site geophysical and biophysical features, and weather and climate drivers. The future climate data used in this study were derived from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 ‘SRES A1B’ (a ‘middle’ emissions path). The main objective of this study is to assess the future sustainability of the potential biofuel feedstock areas identified in a previous study. Results show that the potential biofuel feedstock areas (the more mesic eastern part of the GPRB) will remain productive (i.e., aboveground grassland biomass productivity >2750 kg ha^?1 year^?1) with a slight increasing trend in the future. The spatially averaged EPs for these areas are 3519, 3432, 3557, 3605, 3752, and 3583 kg ha^?1 year^?1 for current site potential (2000–2008 average), 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099, respectively. Therefore, the identified potential biofuel feedstock areas will likely continue to be sustainable for future biofuel development. On the other hand, grasslands identified as having no biofuel potential in the drier western part of the GPRB would be expected to stay unproductive in the future (spatially averaged EPs are 1822, 1691, 1896, 2306, 1994, and 2169 kg ha^?1 year^?1 for site potential, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2099). These areas should continue to be unsuitable for biofuel feedstock development in the future. These future grassland productivity estimation maps can help land managers to understand and adapt to the expected changes in future EP in the GPRB and to assess the future sustainability and feasibility of potential biofuel feedstock areas.     

2004-2013年珠江流域植被变化及其胁迫分析

植被对区域气候调节、水文循环等有着重要作用,在近年来中国南部地区极端气候频发的背景下,研究植被变化及胁迫意义重大。以珠江流域为研究区,利用MODIS EVI分析了植被的变化规律,并通过美国军事气象卫星DMSP灯光数据和气象数据探讨分析了人类活动和自然环境对植被变化的胁迫。结果显示：2004年到2013年期间珠江流域内年平均EVI介于0.33-0.38之间,EVI从高到底依次是常绿阔叶林 > 混交林 > 多树的草地 > 常绿针叶林 > 草地,不同植被类型的EVI变化趋势基本一致,同一植被类型EVI年际变化较小,其中混交林和草地年际最大变化量分别为0.07和0.04,而常绿阔叶林、常绿针叶林和多树的草地年际最大变化量均为0.06;在2004年至2013年年间,城市化水平增长了约71%,其年发展变化与EVI的年变化趋势相反;通过对比分析发现珠江流域人类活动对植被变化影响高于自然环境,即DMSP灯光变化与EVI变化的相关系数明显高于气温和降水。     

Phytoplankton biomass and production in northern South China Sea during summer: Influenced by Pearl River discharge and coastal upwelling

Chlorophyll a and primary production were studied in northern South China Sea during summer from 2007 to 2008. Microplankton dominated total phytoplankton biomass in the coast, while picoplankton dominated in the offshore. Algae bloom caused by Thalassionema nitzschioides was found at the subsurface of upwelling regions (D2, C2) in 2008, and maximum of phytoplankton abundance reached 1.58 × 10⁶ ind L^?1. Integrated primary production ranged from 189.3 to 976.2 mg m^?2 d^?1 in 2007, and ranged from 652.1 to 6601 mg m^?2 d^?1 in 2008. PP showed positive relationship with IPP (p < 0.01) and negative relationship with SST (p < 0.05). Coastal upwelling and Pearl River discharge sustained high PP, and played important role in regulating the phytoplankton biomass and production.     

金沙江干旱河谷退化草地群落对氮磷施肥的反应

在云南省境内的金沙江干旱河谷区, 选择退化严重的草地群落研究氮磷施肥对群落动态的影响。经过一个生长季的施肥处理, 结果表明, 除大量施磷肥处理(20 g·a^-1·m^-2)时, 可能因施磷过多群落生物量和密度没有出现增加外。其余的施氮和施磷处理均导致群落地上生物量和密度增加, 而且施氮处理引起群落地上生物量和密度增加的程度都高于施磷处理。说明在干旱河谷退化严重的草地生态系统, 氮是限制系统恢复的主要因素。施肥后禾本科草本植物密度大量增加, 而乔灌木密度增加不明显, 群落在短期内变成以禾本科草本植物为主的状态。施氮和施磷没有引起群落种数量和植物多样性指数的明显变化。试验结束时土壤的铵态氮、硝态氮和有效磷浓度没因施肥而增加, 但施肥处理的植物体氮和磷浓度增加。     

国人眶外侧壁的孔和沟的观察

本文对236例(472侧)中国成人颅骨的脑膜中动脉眶支沟、脑膜中动脉眶支孔和眶外侧沟进行了观察。主要结果如下:脑膜中动脉眶支孔的出现率为55.9％;眶外侧沟的出现率为17.6％,其中双侧出现的有24例,占10.2％。