Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of the supraependymal macrophages in the lateral ventricles of the toad brain

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of the toad brain revealed the presence of supraependymal cells that have the features of macrophages. Based solely on their surface morphology three different cell forms could be identified. The most frequently observed cells are flat and multipolar, and have a smooth or ruffled surface. The second type is spherical with a ruffled surface and occurs either singly, in which case it lacks processes, or in clusters from which processes radiate. The third type has surface blebs and numerous thin, smooth processes. However, when specimens that had been examined in the scanning electron microscope are viewed in the transmission electron microscope, all cells appear to belong to a single cell type. All cells viewed closely resemble macrophages in that they contain nuclei with clumped chromaffin, single cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dense bodies, and many Golgi complexes. In addition, when horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was perfused into the ventricles, reaction product was found a short time thereafter within cytoplasmic vacuoles, and after a longer period within dense bodies. Because of their ultrastructural resemblance to macrophages and their capacity to ingest HRP, we suggest that these cells function as phagocytes and, as such, act to remove foreign materials from the cerbrospinal fluid.     

补肾益气活血方对胎儿宫内生长迟缓胎盘组织一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

为了探讨补肾益气活血方对胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）胎盘组织一氧化氮（ＮＯ）生成的影响,本文对正常孕妇、ＩＵＧＲ患者及补肾益气活血中药治疗后患者各１２例,采用ＮＡＤＰＨ黄递酶法研究了一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）在胎盘组织的分布,应用化学发光法测定胎盘组织ＮＯＳ活性。结果表明：正常孕妇胎盘绒毛合体滋养层细胞ＮＯＳ呈强阳性反应,绒毛干血管壁呈阳性反应,终末绒毛毛细血管壁呈阴性反应;ＩＵＧＲ患者绒毛合体滋养层细胞和绒毛干血管壁ＮＯＳ染色明显变浅,而终末绒毛毛细血管壁呈阳性反应;中药治疗后合体滋养层细胞和绒毛干血管壁ＮＯＳ染色明显加深。ＮＯＳ活性测定中药组较ＩＵＧＲ未治疗组显著增高,与正常孕妇相比其差异无显著性。结果提示：ＮＯ参与ＩＵＧＲ的病理生理过程,补肾益气活血方通过增强ＮＯＳ活性促进胎盘组织ＮＯ的产生     

TAp73 Protein Stability Is Controlled by Histone Deacetylase 1 via Regulation of Hsp90 Chaperone Function

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in fundamental cellular processes, and HDAC inhibitors are emerging as promising cancer therapeutics. p73, a member of the p53 family, plays a critical role in tumor suppression and neural development. Interestingly, p73 produces two classes of proteins with opposing functions: the full-length TAp73 and the N-terminally truncated ΔNp73. In the current study, we sought to characterize the potential regulation of p73 by HDACs and found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a key regulator of TAp73 protein stability. Specifically, we showed that HDAC1 inhibition by HDAC inhibitors or by siRNA shortened the half-life of TAp73 protein and subsequently decreased TAp73 expression under normal and DNA damage-induced conditions. Mechanistically, we found that HDAC1 knockdown resulted in hyperacetylation and inactivation of heat shock protein 90, which disrupted the interaction between heat shock protein 90 and TAp73 and thus promoted the proteasomal degradation of TAp73. Functionally, we found that down-regulation of TAp73 was required for the enhanced cell migration mediated by HDAC1 knockdown. Together, we uncover a novel regulation of TAp73 protein stability by HDAC1-heat shock protein 90 chaperone complex, and our data suggest that TAp73 is a critical downstream mediator of HDAC1-regulated cell migration.     

山西省忻州市游邀遗址夏代居民牙齿的测量与观察

对于现代中国人牙齿的测量和形态观察,王惠芸(1959、1965)、克力等(1980)、张世采(1985)和魏博源等(1987)均作过有关的研究。但是,对我国古代居民牙齿的测量和观察工作,目前尚鲜见报道。仅有的一些研究成果亦多限于对旧石器时代人类牙齿化石等零星材料的个别报道。本文拟通过对游邀遗址出土的夏代人类牙齿进行观察和测量,以期为了解我国早期青铜时代人类牙齿的形态特征提供一份科学的资料。     

中国人肤纹研究：Ⅲ.中国52个民族的肤纹聚类

中国有56个民族,肤纹学研究中的最后一个民族——门巴族——的肤纹研究至今刚刚完成。根据52个民族的122个群体指掌纹的11个参数:TFRC、a-bRC、A、L~u、L~r、W、T、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、H做聚类分析,在系统树上可以见到南方群、混合群、北方群。混合群包括了各自南、北方民族的聚类群,聚类群与其地理位置有平行关系,南北间以长江或北纬30°～33°度为界带。     

Structure and specific detection of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type VII

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type VII, found in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus belonging to multilocus sequence type (ST) 59 from Taiwan, was 41,347 bp in size and flanked by 19-bp attL and attR sequences. It was inserted into the att site at the 3′-end of orfX in the orfX-orfY (putative tRNA dihydrouridine synthase) region in ST59 S. aureus. The 5′-end side 9911-bp core region of SCCmecVII, which contained attL and the cassette chromosome recombinase gene (ccrC8), was shared by other SCC structures, SCCmercury and mosaic SCCmec from Switzerland, indicating its important role in SCC evolution. The central 21,245-bp core region contained mec complex (C2b) and another ccrC gene (ccrC2), and was highly homologous to SCCmecV, but with substitutions, insertion and replacement. The 3′-end side 10,191-bp sequence was unique. Therefore, SCCmecVII has emerged through recombination and insertion events. Multiplex and real-time PCR assays were developed for specific detection of SCCmecVII.     

采用同种异体腓骨植骨重建肱骨近端内侧柱的临床应用及疗效

目的:探讨同种异体腓骨移植重建肱骨近端内侧柱联合锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年3月至2013年9月于我院行同种异体腓骨移植联合锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折患者38例。根据Neer分型:三部分骨折26例,四部分骨折12例;随访期间测量肱骨头内翻角度、肱骨头高度;患肩功能评分采用Constant肩关节评分标准、美国肩肘协会评分系统(ASES)及加州大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA),同时记录患者并发症。结果:患者随访时间平均15.5±1.8个月;末次随访Constant肩关节评分平均89.0±3.2分;美国肩肘协会评分系统(ASES)评分为平均81.2±14.5分;加州大学肩关节评分系统(UCLA)平均27.6±5.3;根据UCLA评分系统,患者术后优良率为89.4%。患侧肩关节前屈、外展、外旋及内旋运动范围分别是143±20°、138±9°、44±12°、42±9°。影像学结果显示:末次随访肱骨头高度平均丢失1.9 mm,颈干角度平均为128±16°。根据Paavolainen方法,末次随访优30例、良7例、差1例。结论:同种异体腓骨移植重建肱骨近端骨折内侧柱,术中联合肱骨近端锁定钢板能有效支撑肱骨头,预防肱骨头塌陷及螺钉穿出,短期临床疗效满意。     

中华鳖阴茎头的组织学观察

2021年8月,在安徽省合肥市庐江县牛王寨采集到东亚腹链蛇属(Hebius)蛇类标本1号。经形态比较发现,该蛇明显不同于大别山地区已有的东亚腹链蛇属物种——棕黑腹链蛇(H. sauteri)和绣链腹链蛇(H. craspedogaster)。分子系统学分析显示,该标本与东亚腹链蛇(H. vibakari)遗传关系最近,且形态上符合东亚腹链蛇特征,提示该标本应为东亚腹链蛇。东亚腹链蛇是安徽省和大别山地区爬行动物分布新记录种,这也是该物种在中国东北地区之外首次被报道。该分布新记录扩大了对东亚腹链蛇的分布范围的认知,对东亚腹链蛇的种群分化和生物地理学研究具有重要意义。     

Morphogenetic responses obtained from a variety of somatic explant tissues of data palm

Shoot tip, bud, leaf, stem and root explants from bearing trees, offshoots, seedlings, and asexual plantlets ofPhoenix dactylifera L. were cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient media containing 3 g/l activated charcoal, 100 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3 mg/l N ⁶-(Δ²-isopentyl)adenine to obtain callus. Differential morphogenetic responses were obtained from calli dependent on the explant type and parent source. Subcultured shoot tips and leafy lateral buds callus on nutrient media devoid of charcoal and supplemented with 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) produced adventitious plantlets. Subcultured leaf calli produced roots only. Root callus failed to exhibit any morphogenetic response upon subculturing. Undifferentiated non-leafy buds and stem tissues did not give rise to callus, regardless of the parent source. Generally, the best callus and embryogenetic responses from explants were obtained from seedling and plantlet parent sources. Similarly, organogenetic responses such as root formation and shoot development from shoot tips cultured on media containing 10 mg/l NAA were also related to the parent explant source. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product in the paper does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be available.     

长江中游鱼类资源量的估算

为了解长江中游的鱼类资源现状,于2018年5和6月以及9和10月在宜昌、石首、洪湖、武汉和湖口5个江段进行了渔获物调查工作。通过统计各江段的渔业捕捞情况,计算年捕捞量。用体长股分析方法,对铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和瓦氏黄颡鱼(Tachysurus vachelli)的资源量进行估算,并以此推算各江段的鱼类总资源量。结果显示,宜昌江段的鱼类年总资源量1077.36 t,其中,铜鱼为623.25 t;石首江段的年总资源量为2190.74 t,铜鱼为698.19 t;洪湖江段的鱼类年总资源量为58.57 t,其中,瓦氏黄颡鱼为0.41 t;武汉江段的鱼类年总资源量1010.54 t,其中,鳊为148.65 t;湖口江段的年鱼类总资源量14.55 t,瓦氏黄颡鱼为0.032 t。估算结果可以为长江中游鱼类资源保护措施的制定提供数据参考。