基于RANS的城市广场空气质量评价及健康场所指引

空气中污染物及病菌的浓度直接影响人类健康。在污染源不变的情况下,有效通风决定了空气质量的优劣。因此,建立有效通风的定量判定指标,并利用此指标对特定区域空气质量进行实时评价,引导居民选择健康的室外活动场所成为迫切需要解决的问题。本研究采用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法建立了基于计算流体力学(CFD)技术的城市空气污染模拟系统,研究了风速、污染物浓度和污染物扩散效率之间的关系。在此基础上,借助实时气象数据,对城市广场空间不同时段进行了风场模拟及空气质量评价。结果表明: 行人高度(1.5 m)空气中污染物有效扩散的临界风速值为1.0 m·s^-1,此指标可作为某一具体区域空气质量评价标准。参照此判定指标,链接实时天气系统,通过模拟得到的行人高度风速分布,可实时、可视化地显示该场所空气质量优劣分布,实现公平、效率、合理地利用城市空间资源,为人们选择健康的室外活动场地提供指引,为公众疾病预防和健康促进提供技术和手段。     

冠层结构对梨叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响

冠层结构是影响果树生长发育及丰产优质的重要因素。该研究以20年生‘玉露香’梨大冠分层树形为对照(CK),以冠层整形修剪后的3、4和5个主枝的开心树形为处理(分别记为OCC_(3b)、OCC_(4b)和OCC_(5b)),测定了冠层截获的光合有效辐射、叶片的气体交换、叶绿素荧光和果实品质特性,探讨不同冠层结构内光环境的变化对梨树叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响,探讨果树的光合调控和结实规律,为西北黄土高原产区果树的标准化整形修剪提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)OCC_(3b)、OCC_(4b)和OCC_(5b)的冠层不同方位和不同时刻截获的光合有效辐射(PAR)均高于CK。与CK和OCC_(5b)相比,OCC_(3b)和OCC_(4b)叶片光响应的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))和羧化效率(CE)显著提高。(2)在强光胁迫下,开心树形叶片光呼吸速率(P_r)占总光合速率(P_g)的比例(P_r/P_g)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)中可恢复组分r(qE)提高,同时不可恢复组分r(qI)降低。(3)OCC_(3b)和OCC_(4b)比OCC_(5b)和CK的单果重、果面红晕面积、果皮花青苷含量、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性总糖含量均显著提高,而可滴定酸含量显著降低。(4)PAR与果面着色面积和果皮花青苷含量呈极显著正相关关系,P_(nmax)与单果重呈极显著正相关关系,而PAR和P_(nmax)均与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关关系。研究发现,OCC_(3b)和OCC_(4b)的梨树冠层内可截获更多的光能,叶片光合能力更强,遭遇强光胁迫时能够通过更高效的热耗散和光呼吸进行自我保护,而且开心形树冠结构还能显著提升果实品质。     

Acid lactic lactobacilli as a biotechnological toll to improve food quality and human health

The genus Lactobacillus has been widely used in food industry as starter or adjunct culture due to its probiotic features. Its biotechnological features improve the spectrum of uses of lactobacilli, which can affect its applicability directly. In this sense, this literature review gathers information and discusses the biotechnological potential of technological/probiotic lactobacilli aiming to improve food quality and human health. The primary and secondary metabolism generates specific substances, such as organic acids, carbon dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, fatty acids, and bacteriocins, which are determinant due to their probiotic potential, antimicrobial activity, and the development of new food flavors. In order to become industrially and commercially attractive, it is necessary develop a large-scale process with lower production costs.     

Efecto positivo de la terapia de luz brillante sobre el estado de ánimo y la calidad del sueño en las personas mayores institucionalizadas

IntroductionBright light exposure during the day has a positive effect on health and its deficit can cause multiple physiological and cognitive disorders, including depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bright light therapy (BLT) on the quality of sleep and mood emotional state; cognitive status, global deterioration and quality of life in institutionalized elderly.Material and methodsThis is a study with repeated measures design. Thirty-seven older people admitted to a nursing home. The study lasted 3 weeks. The first week, the reference values were established with the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire, Yesavage Depression Scale, Mini-Mental, Global Scale of Impairment and European Quality of Life Questionnaire. During the second week, they were exposed to BLT (7,000-10,000 lx at eye level) between 9:30 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. During the third week, all the data were re-evaluated.ResultsAll variables improved significantly after the application of light therapy. Sleep (COS) pre-test 4.1 ± 1.49, post-test 4.9 ± 1.46, p: 0.01), mood (pre-test 3.65 ± 2.78, post-test 2.65 ± 2.9, p: 0.01), cognitive state (pre-test 22.72 ± 6.53, post-test 24 ± 5.92, p: 0.001), state of global deterioration (pre-test 3.10 ± 1.26, post-test 2.72 ± 5.92, p: 0.001) and health-related quality of life (pre-test 6.93 ± 1.86, post-test 7.82 ± 1.62, p: 0.001).ConclusionsSleep quality, mood, cognitive status, global deterioration status and quality of life significantly improved after the application of light bright therapy.     

The C‐degron pathway eliminates mislocalized proteins and products of deubiquitinating enzymes

Protein termini are determinants of protein stability. Proteins bearing degradation signals, or degrons, at their amino‐ or carboxyl‐termini are eliminated by the N‐ or C‐degron pathways, respectively. We aimed to elucidate the function of C‐degron pathways and to unveil how normal proteomes are exempt from C‐degron pathway‐mediated destruction. Our data reveal that C‐degron pathways remove mislocalized cellular proteins and cleavage products of deubiquitinating enzymes. Furthermore, the C‐degron and N‐degron pathways cooperate in protein removal. Proteome analysis revealed a shortfall in normal proteins targeted by C‐degron pathways, but not of defective proteins, suggesting proteolysis‐based immunity as a constraint for protein evolution/selection. Our work highlights the importance of protein termini for protein quality surveillance, and the relationship between the functional proteome and protein degradation pathways.     

Temperature effect on oxidative stress and egg quality-related genes on post-ovulatory eggs and ovary of red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis)

Red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is a native species with potential for Chilean aquaculture diversification. However, no information exists on the effects of temperature on oxidative stress and eggs quality markers in post-ovulatory eggs and ovary of this species. We determine that high and low temperature generate oxidative damage on post-ovulatory eggs, with no effect on ovary. Temperature induces thermal stress markers expression on post-ovulatory eggs, and modulates antioxidant and eggs quality markers on post-ovulatory eggs and ovary, information to consider for quality evaluation in the red cusk-eel management.     

中老铁路经济廊带生态质量及其与人类活动的关系

区域生态质量很大程度上受人类活动强度影响,制约着区域经济可持续发展。以中老铁路经济廊带为对象,重点研究区内人类活动强度对区域生态环境的影响。选取1999、2009、2019年遥感影像计算遥感生态指数(RSEI),采用空间自相关及局域G统计量探测研究区生态质量的时空演变规律,并结合同期人口密度构建地理加权回归模型,定量分析区内人类活动强度引起的生态效应。研究表明: 1999—2019年,区内生态质量经历了先升后降的变化,RSEI均值由1999年的0.645升为2009年的0.738,随后又降为2019年的0.721,中部地区生态质量波动较大;基于地理加权回归模型(GWR)拟合人口密度与生态质量的效果明显好于最小二乘法,基于GWR的不同时期R²均高于0.7且拟合效果稳定,2019年拟合度最好(R²为0.785),1999、2009年R²分别为0.726、0.754;中老铁路沿线南部万象一带的生态质量对人类活动较敏感,以中度敏感区为主。对高、中、低度敏感区而言,人口密度每增长10、100、1000倍将相应导致RSEI均值降低0.2、0.4、0.6。经济廊带发展会导致人口密度增加,在规划布局过程中应控制人类活动,防止潜在敏感区及现有敏感区生态质量进一步恶化。     

河西走廊不同产地‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄果实品质评价

为了确定河西走廊地区‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄核心品质指标,建立‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄品质综合评价模型。从张掖、武威、嘉峪关3个酿酒葡萄主产市的代表性果园采集6份‘赤霞珠’葡萄样品进行品质测定,通过主成分分析和聚类分析法确定‘赤霞珠’葡萄核心品质指标,运用层次分析法确定指标权重并建立‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质综合评价模型。结果表明:(1)不同产地‘赤霞珠’酿酒葡萄品质指标存在明显差异性,张掖市国风葡萄酒庄园的‘赤霞珠’葡萄果糖、蔗糖、草酸、柠檬酸含量均高于其他地区,且可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、总酚、苹果酸含量在各产地中也均保持在最高水平。(2)相关性分析发现,葡萄果实葡萄糖含量与可溶性固形物含量、果糖与可溶性糖含量之间呈极显著正相关,固酸比和糖酸比均与可滴定酸含量呈极显著负相关关系。(3)综合主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析结果,确定维生素C(Vc)、单宁、果糖和固酸比是‘赤霞珠’葡萄核心品质指标,应用层次分析法建立了‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质综合评价模型为Y=0.0960×Vc含量+0.1611×单宁含量+0.2771×果糖含量+0.4568×固酸比(各指标含量均经过标准化处理)。研究发现,河西走廊地区‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实品质最佳产地是张掖市,果实Vc、单宁、果糖和固酸比是‘赤霞珠’葡萄的核心品质指标,以其建立的评价模型可用于‘赤霞珠’葡萄品质的综合评价。     

间作植物和茬口对连作党参生长和品质产量的影响

选择两种茬口(轮作茬、连作茬)和6种植物材料(党参、大蒜、玉米、黄芪、苦参、向日葵),组成党参单作和间作6种种植模式,设置茬口和间作模式两因素田间随机区组试验,通过监测不同生长时期党参的生长指标(蔓长、主根长、主根直径、地下部分鲜干重)、根部产量及品质指标(根部多糖含量、炔苷含量、醇溶性浸出物含量和灰分含量)的变化衡量不同茬口和间作植物对党参连作障碍的缓解效应。结果表明：(1)轮作茬口下党参单作及各间作处理对党参生长、品质和产量的改善效果都较连作茬口下明显,且两茬口下各间作处理的改善效果都较党参单作明显。(2)与向日葵、大蒜和玉米间作处理对两茬口党参的主根长、主根直径、地下部分鲜干重的提升效果比党参单作和其余间作处理(与黄芪、苦参间作)更显著。(3)大蒜和向日葵间作处理能够显著提高两茬口党参根部产量,尤其大蒜表现最优,与其间作的轮作茬和连作茬党参分别较各自对照增产49.92%和22.55%。(4)与大蒜间作能有效提升两茬口党参根部多糖含量、炔苷含量和醇溶性浸出物的含量,党参单作和其余间作处理对两茬口连作党参的品质提升效果不及大蒜间作处理理想。研究发现,从党参长势及根部产量和品质综合分析,两茬口下党参与大蒜间作最有利于党参植株生长,能有效缓解党参连作障碍,并显著提高其药用部位的产量和品质,且轮作茬口下的提高效应更明显。     

转HSSP基因大豆的分子检测和遗传稳定性分析

HSSP是用大豆密码子改造的10 kD玉米醇溶蛋白基因。在前期研究中,从获得的转基因大豆中筛选到1份单拷贝转基因材料GSDH5。该研究采用染色体步移法获取转基因大豆GSDH5的T-DNA插入位点的左边界旁侧序列,对获得的左边界旁侧序列进行分析,设计特异性引物,建立转基因大豆GSDH5特异性检测方法;采用Real-time PCR检测外源基因在转基因大豆不同组织部位(根、茎、叶、花和种子)中的表达量,采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测外源基因在转录和翻译水平上的遗传稳定性,并对转基因大豆GSDH5中的粗蛋白、含硫氨基酸含量及主要农艺性状进行测定分析,为培育高含硫氨基酸转基因大豆新品种奠定基础。结果表明:(1)分子鉴定显示,外源基因HSSP和筛选标记基因Bar成功整合到受体大豆‘东农50’基因组中,且以单拷贝的形式整合到大豆基因组中。(2)HSSP基因成功插入到大豆基因组1号染色体非编码区52 873 883 bp处。(3)HSSP基因在转基因大豆GSDH5的种子中特异性表达,且在T_2～T_4代转基因大豆中能够稳定遗传并表达。(4)‘东农50’粗蛋白含量在41.53%～43.32%之间,GSDH5粗蛋白含量在40.18%～43.03%之间,两者相比无显著差异;GSDH5种子中硫氨基酸占种子干样的比例为1.35%,占种子蛋白的比例为3.14%,与转基因受体品种‘东农50’相比,占比显著升高,分别增加了11%和16%。(5)转基因大豆GSDH5植株与受体品种‘东农50’在单株荚数、百粒重、株高、结荚习性、花色、叶形等方面均无显著差异,证明HSSP基因的插入对大豆植株的生长发育无不良影响。研究认为,转基因大豆GSDH5材料具备进一步培育成高含硫氨基酸大豆新品种的潜力。