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31.
为了解小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii Matsuda对光的行为反应,为茶园害虫综合防治提供新思路,本研究利用光谱行为学,采用18种LED单色光源对小贯小绿叶蝉的趋光行为进行了研究。结果显示,小贯小绿叶蝉成虫对18个光源中的黄光(590~595 nm)趋向性相对较强,其次为紫光(420~425 nm),对白色光源(对照)的趋向性最低。趋光性由大到小分别为黄光(590~595 nm),紫光(420~425 nm),紫外光(390~395 nm),蓝光(460~465 nm)。忌避性较强的分别为橙光(600~605 nm),对照,冰蓝青光(490~495 nm),绿光(520~525 nm)。17种光谱与对照光结合显示,小贯小绿叶蝉对不同光谱的选择发生了变化,更倾向于先择紫外光(370~375 nm、380~385 nm、385~390 nm),紫光(420~425 nm),其次为琥珀色光(595~600 nm),趋光率最低的为蓝光(460~465 nm)和红光(660~665 nm)。双光谱结合时,其选择随不同的结合而发生改变。黑暗、对照和光谱间相结合处理时,白光结合下对光谱的... 相似文献
32.
Soybean isoflavonoids and their metabolic products inhibit in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in serum 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Jonathan M. Hodgson Kevin D. Croft Ian B. Puddey Trevor A. Mori Lawrie J. Beilin 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》1996,7(12):664-669
Isoflavonoids are compounds present in many legumes, but are derived in the human diet mainly from soybeans and various soybean-based food products. The major isoflavonoids occurring in soy are the glycosides of genistein and daidzein. The metabolic products of genistein metabolism in humans have not been clearly shown. The two main products of daidzein metabolism in humans appear to be equol and O-desmethylangolensin. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative modification to low-density lipoprotein is involved in atherogenesis, and that natural antioxidants that prevent or inhibit oxidative damage to low-density lipoprotein may beneficially influence atherogenesis. In the present experiments, the effects of genistein and daidzein, and the daidzein metabolites equol and O-desmethylangolensin on Cu2+-induced oxidation of lipoproteins in serum were examined. Three concentrations of each compound (0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM) were tested for antioxidant activity in six individual serum samples. All compounds tested inhibited lipoprotein oxidation. The minimum concentration for significant inhibition was 1 μM for genistein and daidzein (P < 0.05), and 0.1 μM equol and O-desmethylangolensin (P < 0.05). Equol and O-desmethylangolensin were more potent inhibitors of in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in serum than the two major dietary isoflavonoids. This study has demonstrated that soybean isoflavonoids and metabolic products of daidzein metabolism inhibit lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. Human intervention studies are needed to determine if these compounds can influence oxidation in vivo. 相似文献
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34.
云南茶树地方品种农艺性状与品质性状遗传多样性分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
蒋会兵 《植物遗传资源学报》2013,14(4):634-640
为发掘具有优异农艺性状与品质性状的茶树品种资源,对51份云南茶树地方品种进行农艺和品质性状遗传多样性分析。结果表明,云南茶树地方品种农艺和品质性状存在丰富的遗传变异,农艺性状变异系数平均为25.84%,多样性指数平均为1.94;生化成分变异系数平均为16.53%,多样性指数平均为1.88;茶叶感官审评红茶品质总分达87.5分~94.2分,绿茶品质总分达78.8分~91.5分,茶树品种红、绿茶适制性的多样性指数平均为0.92和0.94;聚类分析将供试材料分为3类:第Ⅰ类品种主要适合制作红茶,第Ⅱ类品种主要适合制作绿茶,第Ⅲ类为生化成分特异性品种。并从中筛选出18份优异品种资源,为今后的生产和育种提供利用。 相似文献
35.
Ian R. Record Jennifer K. McInerney Ivor E. Dreosti 《Biological trace element research》1996,53(1-3):27-43
Previous studies have shown that tea consumption can impair trace element metabolism, particularly iron status, and increase
the risk of anemia in humans and animals. More recently, however, evidence has been accumulating to show that, in animals,
consumption of green tea or its polyphenols is associated with a reduction of the incidence and severity of a variety of experimentally
induced cancers. In this study we have monitored the growth, trace element status, including hematological parameters of weanling
rats given either (1) water, (2) 1% black tea, (3) 1% green, tea, or (4) 0.2% crude green tea extract as their sole drinking
fluid while consuming diets containing either adequate or low amounts of iron. With the exception of manaanese, none of the
trace elements studied (iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) or the hematological indices measured were affected by the type
of beverage supplied, even though the polyphenol extract was shown to chelate metals in vitro and all the animals fed the
low iron diet were shown to be anemic. There appeared to be an effect of black and green teas on manganese balance in, both
the first and last weeks of the study. A lower level of brain managanese was associated with green tea consumption, and a
higher level of this element in the kidneys of animals fed black tea. The results demonstrate that both black and green teas
and a green tea polyphenol extract do not represent a risk to animals consuming the beverages as their sole fluid intake with
respect to iron availability, although the interactions with manganese deserve further study. 相似文献
36.
红茶菌抗菌蛋白提取与纯化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
红茶菌液经过滤、离心、减压浓缩 ,丙酮加盐沉淀 ,Sephadex G-50柱层析后 ,得到两个分子量部分 ,其中小分子量部分有抗菌活性 ,采用尿素— SDS—PAGE测定抗菌蛋白分子量未获成功 相似文献
37.
38.
为研究茶树自然杂交后代遗传背景,分析不同茶树自然杂交后代遗传差异,本研究利用24对EST-SSR标记对82个茶树自然杂交后代和34个福建主要栽培品种进行分子标记,分析了茶树自然杂交后代的亲缘关系、群体遗传多样性、亲本模拟分析。结果表明:(1)24对SSR标记共检测到157个多态性位点,平均等位位点数为6.542个,Nei’s多样性指数平均为0.588,Shannon’s 信息指数平均为1.182,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.577和 0.591。(2)遗传距离聚类将个供试样品划分为4类,群体1主要为‘丹桂’及其自然杂交后代;群体2主要为‘丹桂’、‘黄观音’自然杂交后代与福建省乌龙茶品种;群体3主要为‘白鸡冠’及其自然杂交后代;群体4主要为福建省绿茶品种。(3)‘丹桂’、‘白鸡冠’、‘黄观音’自然杂交后代群体与福建主要栽培品种的遗传距离分别为0.079、0.117、0.107。(4)群体1亚群b内‘丹桂’自然杂交后代模拟亲本准确率为77.8%,模拟父本主要为福建乌龙茶品种,与群体2(亚群a)的遗传相似度、遗传分化系数、基因流分别为0.899、0.043、5.480。(5)AMOVA分析结果显示,有88.52%的遗传变异来自群体内部的个体间,表明遗传变异主要发生在群体内。 相似文献
39.
Monia Teresa Russo Anna Santin Annalisa Zuccarotto Serena Leone Anna Palumbo Maria Immacolata Ferrante Immacolata Castellano 《Open biology》2023,13(2)
Diatoms represent one of the most abundant groups of microalgae in the ocean and are responsible for approximately 20% of photosynthetically fixed CO2 on Earth. Due to their complex evolutionary history and ability to adapt to different environments, diatoms are endowed with striking molecular biodiversity and unique metabolic activities. Their high growth rate and the possibility to optimize their biomass make them very promising ‘biofactories’ for biotechnological applications. Among bioactive compounds, diatoms can produce ovothiols, histidine-derivatives, endowed with unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and occurring in many marine invertebrates, bacteria and pathogenic protozoa. However, the functional role of ovothiols biosynthesis in organisms remains almost unexplored. In this work, we have characterized the thiol fraction of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, providing the first evidence of the presence of ovothiol B in pennate diatoms. We have used P. tricornutum to overexpress the 5-histidylcysteine sulfoxide synthase ovoA, the gene encoding the key enzyme involved in ovothiol biosynthesis and we have discovered that OvoA localizes in the mitochondria, a finding that uncovers new concepts in cellular redox biochemistry. We have also obtained engineered biolistic clones that can produce higher amount of ovothiol B compared to wild-type cells, suggesting a new strategy for the eco-sustainable production of these molecules. 相似文献
40.
Cadmium causes the oxidative modification of proteins in pea plants 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
M. C. Romero-Puertas J. M. Palma M. Gómez L. A. Del Río & L. M. Sandalio 《Plant, cell & environment》2002,25(5):677-686
In pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves from plants grown in the presence of 50 µm CdCl2 the oxidative production of carbonyl groups in proteins, the rate of protein degradation and the proteolytic activity were investigated. In leaf extracts the content of carbonyl groups measured by derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), was two‐fold higher in plants treated with Cd than in control plants. The identification of oxidized proteins was carried out by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins derivatized with DNPH and immunochemical detection with an antibody against DNPH. The intensity of the reactive bands was higher in plants exposed to Cd than in controls. By using different antibodies some of the oxidized proteins were identified as Rubisco, glutathione reductase, manganese superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The incubation of leaf crude extracts with increasing H2O2 concentrations showed a progressive enhancement in carbonyl content and the pattern of oxidized proteins was similar to that found in Cd‐treated plants. Oxidized proteins were more efficiently degraded, and the proteolytic activity increased 20% due to the metal treatment. In peroxisomes purified from pea leaves a rise in the carbonyl content similar to that obtained in crude extracts from Cd‐treated plants was observed, but the functionality of the peroxisomal membrane was not apparently affected by Cd. Results obtained demonstrate the participation of both oxidative stress, probably mediated by H2O2, and proteolytic degradation in the mechanism of Cd toxicity in leaves of pea plants, and they appear to be involved in the Cd‐induced senescence previously reported in these plants. 相似文献