消息与动态

盘县大洞——巨大的早期人类居住遗址 贵州盘县大洞,洞口宽50米、内宽35米、纵深214米、面积约7800平方米。洞内为角砾岩、黄色砂质粘土、粘土与多层钙板混合组成的堆积物,厚度在洞口露头处约19米。1992年4至5月由六盘水市文管会组织盘县文化局、贵州师范大学地理系和中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所等单位对该洞及附近的地质地理进行初步观察和试掘,发现了由中国犀、巨獏、大熊猫、东方剑     

医学微生物学教学中《生物安全法》的引介

医学微生物学是医学生所学全部课程中与生物安全关系最密切的课程之一,新近颁布施行的《生物安全法》中有多个主题与医学微生物学内容密切相关。阐述了在医学微生物学教学过程中,通过引介《生物安全法》的相关主题引导学生总结新发突发传染病及动物源性传染病的概念、特点及危害,关注传染病的动物起源问题,了解生物恐怖、生物犯罪、微生物法医学的概念、特点及典型案例等,以此来巩固、加深及拓展学生对医学微生物学的理解和掌握,使学生逐渐树立起生物安全意识,从而提高教学效果。     

对渗透现象的一种解释

提出溶液中溶质分子的热运动以热弹性振动为主,只有极少一部分高能分子才可以定向移动的假说。溶质分子的热振动会产生压力,而溶液压力是其中热振动的溶质分子产生的压力与连通的溶剂压力的叠加作用,因而溶液中的溶剂的压力总是比溶液的宏观压力低;渗透现象以及溶液的蒸气压降低、冰点下降现象正是由于溶液中溶剂的压力比溶液本身的宏观压力低而造成的。     

A Code of Conduct for Human and Regional Security Around the South China Sea

In the past decade, there have been calls for a regional code of conduct for the South China Sea to ensure peace and stability in a region replete with conflicting territorial claims over offshore geographical features. This paper will distinguish between the process of codification of rules and principles in one document, on the one hand, and the process of implementing existing rules and principles, on the other hand. It will be argued that rules and principles governing conduct for human and regional security around the South China Sea already exist in many forms and that the South China Sea states are obligated by international law to implement them without waiting for their consolidation in one document.     

Walter Heiligenberg: the jamming avoidance response and beyond

Walter Heiligenberg (1938–1994) was an exceptionally gifted behavioral physiologist who made enormous contributions to the analysis of behavior and to our understanding of how the brain initiates and controls species-typical behavioral patterns. He was distinguished by his rigorous analytical approach used in both behavioral studies and neuroethological investigations. Among his most significant contributions to neuroethology are a detailed analysis of the computational rules governing the jamming avoidance response in weakly electric fish and the elucidation of the principal neural pathway involved in neural control of this behavior. Based on his work, the jamming avoidance response is perhaps the best-understood vertebrate behavior pattern in terms of the underlying neural substrate. In addition to this pioneering work, Heiligenberg stimulated research in a significant number of other areas of ethology and neuroethology, including: the quantitative assessment of aggressivity in cichlid fish; the ethological analysis of the stimulus–response relationship in the chirping behavior of crickets; the exploration of the neural and endocrine basis of communicatory behavior in weakly electric fish; the study of cellular mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the adult fish brain; and the phylogenetic analysis of electric fishes using a combination of morphology, electrophysiology, and mitochondrial sequence data.T. H. Bullock: deceased 2005     

Matching by fixing and sampling: a local model based on internality

Undermatching and overmatching in concurrent schedules of reinforcement have been traditionally described as changes in the slope of the Generalized Matching Law function. More recently, it has been suggested that deviations from strict matching may be better described as following a policy of mostly fixing on the preferred schedule, and occasionally sampling the alternative schedule. So far, no model of local performance predicts the global outcome of this policy. We describe one such model; it assumes immediate and long-term effects of reinforcement on local performance. The model assumes long-term effects as changes in the internal state of the organism. Formally, the model is analogous to the Axiom of Repeated Choice [Lefebvre, V.A., 2004. Bipolarity, choice, and entro-field. In: Proceedings of the Eighth World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, vol. IV, pp. 95-99].     

A Review of the Legal and Policy Framework for Vessel Source Pollution in Hong Kong

Vessel source marine pollution is an increasingly major concern at both the national and international levels. Hong Kong, as an important maritime center, is naturally concerned with vessel source pollution. To meet the challenges, Hong Kong has formulated policies and measures that emphasize “green shipping” as part of an overall planning strategy that promotes a “green economy.” This article provides a review and analysis of Hong Kong's marine pollution laws, with a view toward making policy suggestions. It argues that the general perception of the adequacy of Hong Kong's marine laws in combating vessel source pollution is flawed. It suggests that Hong Kong should adopt a more forward-looking perspective in the formulation of legal measures to control vessel source pollution.     

The Incorporated What Group: Ethnographic,Economic and Ideological Perspectives on Customary Land Ownership in Contemporary Papua New Guinea

Land law and economic development in Papua New Guinea, by David Lea and Timothy Curtin. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle, UK, 2011, 207pp. ISBN: 9-781443-826518.

The incorporated land group (ILG), created by the Land Group Incorporation Act (1974) in Papua New Guinea, was one of a number of results of the 1971 Committee of Inquiry into Land Matters that convened in Papua New Guinea just before Papua New Guinea independence in 1975. It allowed for the legal incorporation of customary land-holding groups and was designed to promote business and cash-earning opportunities in rural Papua New Guinea in the post-independence period of nation- and citizen-building.

In more recent times, the ILG however has been put under considerably more strain by being forced to acquire functions that were not envisioned by its architects in 1971—namely the receipt, distribution and investment of incomes from resource extraction projects. The ILGs set up by various resource projects (most significantly in the petroleum project areas of PNG) have all run into various and severe difficulties in meeting these requirements of resource income management and business development on a scale not ever anticipated in 1971. Using examples from Papua New Guinea's petroleum project area and elsewhere, I cast doubts on the capacities of contemporary indigenous landowning units to make incorporation work for them in the face of current organization and financial challenges.     

Geographic range size is predicted by plant mating system

Species' geographic ranges vary enormously, and even closest relatives may differ in range size by several orders of magnitude. With data from hundreds of species spanning 20 genera in 15 families, we show that plant species that autonomously reproduce via self‐pollination consistently have larger geographic ranges than their close relatives that generally require two parents for reproduction. Further analyses strongly implicate autonomous self‐fertilisation in causing this relationship, as it is not driven by traits such as polyploidy or annual life history whose evolution is sometimes correlated with selfing. Furthermore, we find that selfers occur at higher maximum latitudes and that disparity in range size between selfers and outcrossers increases with time since their evolutionary divergence. Together, these results show that autonomous reproduction—a critical biological trait that eliminates mate limitation and thus potentially increases the probability of establishment—increases range size.