贵州九香虫营养成分分析

分析贵州产九香虫Aspongopus chinensis Dallas体内的营养成分。结果表明:从江和习水产九香虫都具有丰富的营养,其中粗蛋白分别为350.9mg·g-1和356.5mg·g-1、粗脂肪432.6mg·g-1和436.2mg·g-1、粗灰分22.9mg·g-1和22.8mg·g-1;总氨基酸含量为334.3mg·g-1和253mg·g-1,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的41.22%和33.34%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸之比分别为0.70和0.50;九香虫体内脂肪酸多以油酸和软脂酸为主,其中油酸占总脂肪酸的49.48%和41.54%;含有丰富的矿物质和微量元素,尤其是Mg的含量达到1.26mg·g-1和1.32mg·g-1,且不含有对人体有害的Hg、Pb和As;含有多种维生素,其中维生素C含量最为丰富,为0.78mg·g-1和0.79mg·g-1。作为具有保健功能的中药昆虫,同时具有丰富的营养成分,九香虫是极具潜力的药食两用食品。     

南方红豆杉不同扦插时间对成活率影响

南方红豆杉种子产量低,休眠期长,自然存有量和栽植数量少,人工造林种苗需求量大。为促进南方红豆杉的可持续利用,对南方红豆杉不同扦插时间繁殖作进一步探索。通过试验,插床的蔽光度为60%,用清水沙做基质、一年生枝条做插条,经过药剂处理,湿度保持在70%~80%,得出南方红豆杉以11月下旬扦插繁殖效果较好,成活率达78%。能批量生产,满足人工造林的种苗需求。     

Hypoglycemic effects of the wood of Taxus yunnanensis on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its active components

Hypoglycemic effects of the H(2)O and MeOH extracts of the wood of Taxus yunnanensis were examined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The H(2)O extract significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose level by 33.7% at a 100mg/kg dose on intraperitoneal administration. From the active H(2)O extract of the wood, three lignans, i.e., isotaxiresinol (1), secoisolariciresinol (2) and taxiresinol (3), were isolated as major components. These lignans were further tested for their hypoglycemic effects on the same experimental model. At a dose of 100mg/kg (i.p.), isotaxiresinol (1) reduced the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic rats by 34.5%, while secoisolariciresinol (2) and taxiresinol (3) reduced by 33.4% and 20.9%, respectively. The blood glucose lowering effects of 1 and 2 were stronger than the mixture of tolbutamide (200mg/kg) and buformin (1mg/kg) used as a positive control, which lowered fasting blood glucose level by 24.0%.     

In vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of isotaxiresinol, a lignan from wood of Taxus yunnanensis

Isotaxiresinol, the main lignan isolated from the water extract of wood of Taxus yunnanensis, was investigated for its effect on bone loss, on serum biochemical markers for bone remodeling and on uterine tissue, using ovariectomized (OVX) rats as the model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. After oral administration of isotaxiresinol (50 and 100mg/kg/d) for 6 weeks, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in total and cortical bones were increased as compared to those of OVX control rats, and decreases of three bone strength indexes induced by OVX surgery were prevented. Serum biochemical markers for bone remodeling revealed that isotaxiresinol slightly increased bone formation and significantly inhibited bone resorption without side effect on uterine tissue. These results suggest that isotaxiresinol may be useful for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, especially for prevention of bone fracture induced by estrogen deficiency.     

Is proline the quintessential sentinel of plants? A case study of postharvest flower senescence in Dianthus chinensis L.

The present investigation primarily focussed on evaluating the efficacy of exogenous proline on the flower longevity of Dianthus chinensis L. Floral buds were harvested at the paint brush stage (i.e., a day prior to anthesis) and divided into 6 sets, with one set of buds (i.e., control) held in distilled water and rest of the 5 sets were supplemented with various concentrations of proline, viz., 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, 40 mM and 50 mM. The application of proline at 40 mM concentration proved out to be most effective in improving the longevity of the flowers by about 4 days as compared to the control. The ameliorated longevity coincided with enhanced floral diameter, fresh mass, dry mass and water content. The flowers with delayed senescence also maintained higher soluble proteins, sugars and phenols. The results suggest that exogenous proline effectively alleviates oxidative stress in the petal tissue, as evident by a relatively lower maloendialdehyde content, which is manifested in the form of reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO). Reduced LPO was commensurate with increased membrane stability, quantified by membrane stability index. Moreover, the flowers with improved longevity exhibited a decline in lipoxygenase activity and significant augmentation of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.     

宁夏灵武市沟眶象发生特点

系统调查沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis(Olivier)在宁夏灵武市的发生情况和特点发现:沟眶象以成虫和幼虫在土壤中越冬,成虫有2个发生高峰期,越冬结束后以成虫越冬的沟眶象出土出现第1个高峰期,以幼虫越冬的沟眶象经化蛹羽化出土出现第2个高峰期;幼虫危害臭椿根部形成的瘤状物可以作为鉴别沟眶象危害的特征;沟眶象幼虫在土壤中垂直分布范围集中在0～45 cm深土层,约占80%;成虫出土孔集中在距臭椿树干基部75 cm范围内,占88%。据此建议土壤施药化学防治沟眶象时,施药深度不宜低于45 cm,施药点距树干基部水平距离不得少于75 cm,且树周各个方向均需施药。每年10月末沟眶象开始"入土"、翌年4月末开始"出土",在沟眶象"入土"结束后但未冻土之前的11中旬和土壤解冻之后但尚未"出土"前的4月中旬,这两个时期土壤施药防治效果较好;防治沟眶象的同时,还应适时采取打孔注药、熏蒸等措施防治臭椿(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle)树干内的臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold)。     

黑胸散白蚁分离饲养补充型生殖蚁的产生及羽化分飞行为

对黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder成熟群体进行室内自然条件分离饲养观察,结果表明:单品级分离群体和多品级分离群体均能产生补充型生殖蚁,产生补充型生殖蚁的概率与分离群体内的个体数量呈正相关关系,分离时间和气温对产生补充型生殖蚁的历期影响较大,1、4、6、9月分离的群体产生补充型生殖蚁的历期分别为78.50、46.00、32.17、26.00d,经分析差异显著(P<0.05)。分离群体能迅速产出有翅成虫羽化分飞,在分离后2年就可发育进入羽化分飞的成熟年龄,分离时间对产生羽化分飞的历期有一定影响,6月分离的多品级分离群体产生羽化分飞的历期平均为659.3d。单品级翅芽若蚁分离群体可产生羽化分飞,且存在反季节羽化现象。     

张家界山区角倍蚜两虫态过冷却点比较及人工植藓保蚜越冬技术

为了解张家界地区所产角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell)秋迁蚜及越冬若蚜的耐寒性及两虫态间在耐寒性方面的差异,应用过冷却点测定仪,抽样测定了上述两虫态个体的过冷却点和体液结冰点,结果表明:秋迁角倍蚜过冷却点和体液结冰点的平均值、最低值和最高值分别依次为-13.32±0.77,-15.69,-11.12℃和-13.00±0.72,-14.54,-10.80℃;而无翅若蚜过冷却点和体液结冰点的平均值、最低值和最高值分别依次为-18.95±0.82,-20.24,-17.02℃和-18.70±0.82,-20.07,-16.95℃。方差分析表明,越冬若蚜的过冷却点和体液结冰点都明显低于秋迁蚜的过冷却点和体液结冰点,进而推测,越冬若蚜的耐寒能力要显著强于秋迁蚜的耐寒能力。试验还表明,张家界地区角倍蚜的次生寄主苔藓(侧枝匐灯藓Plagiomnium maximoiczii)通过人工植藓可在小型聚酯瓶(polyester bottle)内正常生长,接种后的秋迁蚜可顺利生产若蚜,若蚜也能顺利产织蜡球进而度过寒冷的冬天直至下一年春迁蚜产生。     

树鼩神经肽Y的分子克隆及其灵长类类似物的同源性比较

树鼩由于与灵长类动物有较密切的亲缘关系和其个体小,以及繁殖周期短等特性而倍受关注,尤其是作为医用实验动物的研究,近年来已受到越来越多的重视,但树鼩的分类地位还一直有所争论。该研究从树鼩脑cDNA文库中克隆得到编码树鼩神经肽Y(neuropeptide Y,NPY)前体序列,序列比对发现该序列与灵长类NPY序列同源性高达96.9%。将该序列与GenBank数据库中其他物种的NPY序列构建系统进化树,发现树鼩与灵长类处于同一分支。该研究结果揭示了树鼩与灵长类较近的亲缘关系。