啮齿动物作用下退耕地山杏种子扩散与贮藏的季节变化

啮齿动物对植物种子的取食和扩散影响种子的时空分布,继而影响种子的萌发和幼苗建成,因而在森林更新中起着重要作用.在国有济源市愚公林场,选择退耕地生境,于春季、夏季、秋季分别释放人工标记的山杏种子,观察啮齿动物扩散与埋藏山杏种子的季节性差异.结果表明：1）退耕地中的啮齿动物主要包括大林姬鼠、社鼠、黑线姬鼠;2）山杏种子扩散速率在春季显著慢于夏季,夏季显著慢于秋季;3）种子搬运量受季节和种子状态交互作用影响,春季显著少于夏季,夏季显著少于秋季;4）不同季节种子平均搬运距离不同,秋季不同状态种子的搬运距离均大于春季和夏季;5）啮齿动物对山杏种子的贮藏点大小多为1粒种子,少量为2、3粒种子,且贮藏点大小与季节间存在显著的交互作用,春季单粒种子的贮藏点数量显著少于夏季和秋季,而夏季与秋季的贮藏点则倾向于多粒种子;6）在夏季和秋季各有5枚（共释放1800枚）被啮齿动物分散贮藏的山杏种子建成幼苗.     

重庆地区野生百合资源调查与评价

对重庆地区的野生百合资源进行了调查,共记录到野生百合资源17种(含变种);分析了野生百合资源在重庆地区的分布特征和资源现状;初步评估了重庆地区野生百合资源受威胁情况及其综合价值,并提出保护和利用建议。     

Mechanism of high susceptibility of iron-overloaded mouse to Vibrio vulnificus infection

Vibrio vulnificus produces fulminant septicemia in humans with underlying conditions, particularly those with diseases that elevate the iron level. The effect of a high iron level on the virulence of V. vulnificus was therefore investigated in mice treated with iron dextran. The mice loaded with iron became highly susceptible to V. vulnificus infection, the LD50 (50% lethal dose) decreased five logs when infected per peritoneum. However, when infected via the oral route, the LD50 was affected little unless the mouse was treated with an additional drug such as cyclophosphamide or D-galactosamine. Mice with or without iron-overloading died when the bacterial concentration in the blood reached 10(5) cfu/ml or above. Iron increased the growth rate of the bacteria, both inside and outside of the animal, quickly reaching a lethal concentration in the iron-overloaded mouse. V. vulnificus, grown with or without the addition of iron, showed strong cytotoxicity on the isolated cells or within the animal at high bacterial concentration. Iron overload stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a major factor of septic shock, in mice upon infection with the bacteria, probably caused by the endotoxin; however, the neutrophils, whose migration is effected by TNF-alpha, appeared to be less active. Taken together, the major virulence factor of V. vulnificus appeared to be the accelerated growth of bacteria to quickly reach the lethal level and the lower activity of immune cells including neutrophil as a result of iron-overloading. These two effects manifest other virulence factors, the host's as well as bacterial. Such factors, other than TNF-alpha stimulated by the endotoxin, enhanced cytotoxicity, which kills the host cells including the host's immune cells.     

以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的小鼠肝炎病毒DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫原性

目的：构建以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的小鼠肝炎病毒DNA疫苗,研究该疫苗的免疫原性。方法：以小鼠肝炎病毒S1基因的重组真核表达质粒pVAX1—S1免疫BALB／c小鼠,ELISA检测其诱导抗体产生情况;再将重组质粒pVAX1—S1电转化到减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207中,构建运送S1基因的重组减毒沙门氏菌SL7207（pVAX1—S1）,口服免疫BALB／c小鼠,间接免疫荧光试验鉴定减毒沙门氏菌运送的DNA疫苗的免疫原性。结果：与pVAX1空载体对照组相比,重组真核表达质粒pVAX1—S1免疫组二免及三免后抗体水平分别存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）和极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。减毒沙门氏菌运送的DNA疫苗SL7207（pVAX1—S1）诱导小鼠产生了特异性的血清抗体。结论：构建的重组减毒沙门氏菌SL7207（pVAX1—S1）具有良好的免疫原性,可诱导小鼠产生特异性的体液免疫应答。这为进一步研制冠状病毒新型基因疫苗奠定了基础。     

通过不对称体细胞杂交向小麦转移青苗碱谷DNA

普通小麦"济南177"(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Jinan177)经继代培养和选择,形成了性质不同的愈伤组织,一种生长迅速,易于形成悬浮系,游离的原生质具有旺盛的分裂能力,但不能分化,称为Cha9;另一种具有一定能力,但游离原生质体分裂能力低,称为176.二者之一来源的原生质体与紫外线照射的青苗碱谷原生质体融合均不能获得再生植株.而将源于Cha9和176的两种原生质体混合,与经紫外线照射的青苗碱谷原生质体在PEG诱导下融合,融合产物再生了大量植株.再生的愈伤组织及植株经表现型、细胞学、有工酶、RAPD分析,证明了其杂种性质,用不麦叶绿体特异的简单得复序列(SSR)引物分析了再生杂种的叶绿体遗传组成情况.在不同的杂种克隆中,同时带有Cha9和176的遗传物质并含有供体核及胞质基因组的克隆4具有较高的分化能力,再生了大量生长旺盛的完整植株.     

两种野生花卉的扦插繁殖研究

开展野生花卉车轮梅(Raphiolepis indica)和赤楠(Syzygium buxifolium)扦插试验,结果表明:车轮梅硬枝扦插需一定浓度的外源激素方能生根;对激素浓度大小不敏感;总体上NAA组合生根质量优于IBA组合。综合不同处理生根率、根数和不定根根长3个指标,以800 mg/L NAA或800 mg/L IBA作为车轮梅生产上扦插的激素种类和浓度。赤楠生根率较低,最高扦插率达66.7%,生根时间长,约需45 d始生根。综合生根率、不定根根数和不定根根长3个生根指标,试验的4种激素均能较好促进赤楠生根,200×根太阳在生根率和根数上效果最好,生产上可用200×根太阳浸泡2 h,也可用50-100 mg/L NAA或100-400 mg/L IBA浸泡2 h后进行扦插。     

Factors contributing to cerebral hypomyelination in the growth hormone-deficientlittle mouse

We attempted to delineate the events leading to hypomyelination in the brain of thelittle mouse, a promising murine model of isolated growth hormone deficiency. At 20 days of age, the mutant mouse brain weighed less than its normal counterpart, and this difference in brain weight persisted. Increase in CNPase activity was found to be suppressed in the cerebrum throughout the developmental stage, but not in the other parts of the brain. Differences in cerebral DNA content between thelittle and normal mice first became apparent on the 10th day of age. Thereafter, the rate of increase in thelittle brain consistently lagged behind the normal. [³H]Thymidine incorporation into the DNA fraction in vivo on the 7th day of age, when glial cell proliferation in the normal cerebrum is most active, was approximately half that of the controls in all parts of thelittle brain. These findings indicate that the hypomyelination of the mutant cerebrum might result from reduced oligodendroglial proliferation due to growth hormone deficiency.     

作物野生近缘种的保护与利用

作物野生近缘种将是保证下一世纪粮食充足的重要因素。近30余年来国际国内非常重视作物野生种质资源的搜集、保存、鉴定、评价和利用的研究。我国作物野生近缘种特别丰富,同时受威胁非常严重。因此,加大力度开展作物及其野生近缘种种质资源的遗传多样性、保存技术、种质创新和利用的研究是刻不容缓的。     

长效促胰岛素降糖酵母的构建及其对糖尿病模型小鼠的治疗效果

益生菌生物药物是指通过口服表达药用多肽(蛋白)的重组益生菌活细胞达到治疗疾病的新型口服给药系统。为了构建一种能有效防治2型糖尿病的酵母生物药物,文章首先构建了酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)整合型表达载体pNK1-PGK,并且通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)证明其表达功能正常,利用该载体将10×GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1)基因转化到酿酒酵母INVSc1中,通过营养缺陷型和Western blotting成功筛选出表达10×GLP-1的长效促胰岛素降糖酵母(Long-acting GLP-1 hypoglycemic yeast, LHY)。该酵母生长迅速,外源基因10×GLP-1表达稳定,表达量达到1.56 mg/g细胞湿重。通过链脲佐菌素和高脂高糖饮食联合诱导的方法构建了2型糖尿病小鼠模型,用LHY对其进行口服灌胃治疗,证明LHY具有较好疗效,明显降低血糖水平。     

用于脑缺血小鼠海马SOD1表达的改进灌注固定法

常规灌注固定法多用于兔和大鼠等较大动物,并存在一些不足。改进了灌注固定法流程、灌注溶液的配方、流速、用量以及灌注装置,将其用于在显微操作下制备的缺血再灌注C57BL/6N小鼠模型,并对其海马进行H.E染色和免疫组织化学SOD1基因表达。结果显示,改进的灌注固定法使组织切片结构更加清晰,海马免疫阳性神经元定位于胞浆。缺血再灌注组(24hI/R)海马神经元SOD1表达比假手术对照组(sham-o)减少,而高压氧治疗组(24hHBO)SOD1表达有所恢复。表明改进的灌注固定法用于缺血再灌注C57BL/6N小鼠海马SOD1基因表达效果良好,结果可靠。实验结果提示,高压氧的治疗机制之一可能是通过增加SOD1基因表达而实现的。