Intérêt de la TEP/TDM dans le bilan d’extension et le suivi des lésions osseuses du myélome multiple

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hemopathy characterized by a pathologic proliferation of plasmocyts in bone marrow. Detection of bone lesion is of great importance in initial extension screening and for the follow-up because it has an impact on therapeutic strategy. Plain radiographs do not have a good sensitivity for the detection of such lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an interesting tool to detect diffuse bone marrow infiltration. We propose, based on the experience of our center and through a comprehensive review of the literature, to present the potential of [¹⁸F]-FDG PET/CT for the detection and the therapeutic strategy of bone lesions in MM.     

Joint SFMN/ANOCEF focus on 18F-FDOPA PET imaging in glioma: Current applications and perspectives

18F-FDOPA PET has demonstrated its additional value during the clinical course of glioma, at initial diagnosis, for treatment planning or follow-up. The aim of the current review was to summarize current applications of 18F-FDOPA PET in gliomas and constitute, as a perspective, a first step in harmonizing clinical practices in French centers. In France, the indication for 18F-FDOPA PET is restricted to the assessment of primary brain tumor recurrence. According to the literature, this indication could be expanded to primary diagnosis and, to a lesser extent, treatment monitoring. There is a real need to harmonize standard procedures among French centers. The objective is to increase the availability of data for this rare entity of glioma and to develop multi-parametric PET analyses (static, dynamic and textural), also known as radiomics, by using artificial intelligence algorithms. For this purpose, kinetics analysis with dynamic PET acquisition should be implemented in routine practice because it has demonstrated its additional value for initial diagnosis in gliomas. Therefore, this review proposes a workflow based on acquisition and reconstruction parameters that can be implemented in each center to increase the amount of standardized 18F-FDOPA PET data in neuro-oncology imaging in France. This would help in creating a national database and developing national multi-center studies that can respond to the challenge of using multi-parametric PET in glioma.     

The French experience of PSMA PET for the diagnosis of biological recurrence of prostate cancer

PSMA PET can only be performed in France in the context of a temporary authorization for use (ATU) granted by the ANSM only in the event of biological recurrence of prostate cancers with a normal or equivocal Fucyclovine or Choline PET scan. We present the experience of the Léon Bérard cancer centre and report on the experience of 3 other French centres that have published their results obtained within the framework of this ATU. Despite the absence of histological comparison of our results, the evidence of suspicious lesions on PSMA PET examination may induce changes in patient management in almost 2/3 of the patients. This is consistent with the already abundant results in the literature, which show a clear superiority of PSMA PET over Choline PET for the diagnosis of biological recurrence of prostate cancer.     

TAPP与TEP治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果及对预后恢复的影响

摘要 目的：对比经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果及对预后恢复的影响。方法：选取2018年3月至2021年5月期间本院收治的80例腹股沟疝成人患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为TAPP组（n=38）和TEP组（n=42）,分别给予TAPP、TEP治疗。对比两组患者术中及术后情况（手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、恢复正常活动时间、疼痛程度）,以及精索血管情况,统计术后并发症发生率。结果：TEP组手术时间、术后住院时间、恢复正常活动时间短于TAPP组,术中出血量少于TAPP组（P<0.05）;两组患者疼痛视觉模拟法（VAS）评分呈下降趋势,且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但各时间点VAS评分比较无明显差异（P>0.05）;术前,两组患者精索静脉管径及精索静脉血流速度比较无明显差异（P>0.05）,术后4周,两组患者精索静脉管径均增大,静脉血流速度均减小,但TEP组上述指标优于TAPP组（P<0.05）;TAPP组并发症发生率（7.89%）略低于TEP组（9.52%）,差异无统计学意义（t=0.066,P=0.797）。结论：TAPP、TEP治疗成人腹股沟疝安全性均良好,但TEP术后恢复更快,且对精索静脉的影响较小。     

Plasmodium yoelii: Correlation of TEP1 with mosquito melanization induced by nitroquine

The antimalarial drug nitroquine is not only an effective antimalarial drug, it is also able to induce the melanization of Plasmodium species. However, the molecular mechanisms of the recognition reaction induced by this drug remain unclear. Silencing of thioester-containing protein-1 (TEP1) significantly compromised the ability of Anopheles gambiae to melanize the Plasmodium, leading to investigation of the involvement of A. stephensi TEP1 in melanization induced by nitroquine. This study shows that (1) binding of AsTEP1 to oocysts, especially melanized oocysts, (2) after ingestion of anti-AsTEP1 antibody, the melanization rate in antibody-treated mosquitoes are significantly lower than in control mosquito (p < 0.05). The results suggest that nitroquine is able to induce Plasmodium recognition by TEP1, possibly triggering the resulting melanotic encapsulation. Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of mosquito immunity induced by antimalarial drugs will provide theoretical evidence for the use of antimalarial drugs, and a meaningful pathway for the design of novel antimalarial drugs.     

Comparison of 68GA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of metastatic bone disease in various cancers

ObjectiveOur aim in this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting bone metastases of various cancers and to evaluate the potential usefulness of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in detecting metastatic bone disease.Material and methodOur retrospective study included 44 patients diagnosed with bone metastases due to various cancers between January 2021 and February 2022. All patients underwent ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging within 14 days. In the semi-quantitative analysis of the skeletal system, all regions with higher uptake than background activity were considered pathological. SUVmax and Metastasis-to-background ratio (TBR) values were calculated from metastatic sites.ResultsA total of 827 bone metastases were detected in our study. The diagnostic accuracies of FAPI PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 91.8% and 81.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). When all bone metastases were compared, the SUVmax of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT was statistically significantly higher than that of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT (median 6.15 vs. 5.2; P < 0.001). When FDG and FAPI SUVmax values were compared according to metastasis types, FAPI SUVmax and TBR values in osteolytic, medullary and mixed type bone metastases were found to be statistically significantly higher than FDG (P-values: < 0.001, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between FDG and FAPI SUVmax values in osteoblastic bone metastases (P = 0.26).ConclusionIt has been shown that ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT is superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic bone disease and may have more clinical impact on disease management.     

Structural domains of vault proteins: a role for the coiled coil domain in vault assembly

Vaults consist of multiple copies of three proteins (MVP, VPARP, and TEP1) and several untranslated RNAs. The function of vaults is unknown but the typical and evolutionary conserved structure indicates a role in intracellular transport. Although all vault components have been identified and characterized, not much is known about vault protein assembly. In this study we identified and analyzed structural domains involved in vault assembly with emphasis on protein-protein interactions. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we demonstrate within MVP an intramolecular binding site and show that MVP molecules interact with each other via their coiled coil domain. We show that purified MVP is able to bind calcium, most likely at calcium-binding EF-hands. No interactions could be detected between TEP1 and other vault proteins. However, the N-terminal half of MVP binds to a specific domain in the C-terminus of VPARP. Furthermore, VPARP contains amino acid stretches mediating intramolecular binding.