Impact clinique de la technique du temps-de-vol en TEP

Time-of-flight PET improves the image quality by increasing signal-to-noise ratio. This improvement increases with time resolution. Recent data confirm the clinical benefits of time-of-flight PET. The signal-to-noise gain has led to a dose reduction, shorter scans, better image quality especially in patients with high Body Mass Index, and improvement in detection of smaller lesions.     

Illustrations cliniques en cardiologie

The examples and clinical cases presented in this section are not intended to be considered as absolute models in terms of image quality or device parameter settings. They must initiate an individual analysis according to CT parameters and image quality. Nevertheless, they present practically different CT levels which can be used according to the clinical context and the type of device.     

Associations of the PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism with insulin sensitivity and central obesity in Chinese

Background

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) is known as a tumor-suppressor gene. Previous studies demonstrated that PTEN dysfunction affects the function of insulin. However, investigations of PTEN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and IR-related disease associations are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether its polymorphism could be involved in the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

The genotype frequency of PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was determined by using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method in 530 subjects with MetS and 202 healthy control subjects of the Han Ethnic Chinese population in a case–control analysis.

Results

The PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was not associated with MetS or its hyperglycemia, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia components. In the control individuals aged < 60 years or ≥ 60 years, the CG genotype individuals had lower insulin sensitivity than CC individuals (P < 0.05). In the < 60-year-old MetS group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subgroup, the CG individuals had lower insulin sensitivity and higher waist circumference (WC) and waist-height-ratio (WHtR) than CC individuals (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the PTEN polymorphism (P = 0.001) contributed independently to 4.2% (adjusted R²) of insulin sensitivity variance (estimated by Matsuda ISI), while age (P = 0.004), gender (P = 0.000) and the PTEN polymorphism (P = 0.032) contributed independently to 5.6% (adjusted R²) of WHtR variance.

Conclusions

The CG genotype of PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was not associated with MetS and some of its components as well. However, it may not only decrease insulin sensitivity in the healthy control and MetS in pre-elderly or NGT subjects, but may also increase the risk of central obesity among these MetS individuals.     

海洋浮游植物与生物碳汇

系统描述了浮游植物与海洋碳汇相关的几个过程:初级生产、浮游植物沉降、浮游动物粪球打包沉降、经典食物链碳汇、溶解有机碳生产和转化、透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)凝聚网,和CO₂分压升高(海水酸化)影响下浮游植物功能群转变及中国海可能的生物碳汇前景展望。提出海洋初级生产过程和TEP凝聚网过程是中国海生物碳汇的关键过程,而中国海的黄海中部及长江口区域是生物碳汇研究的重点区域,建议将硅藻及其碳汇过程作为今后研究的重点。     

Inhibition of copepod feeding by exudates and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) derived from a Phaeocystis globosa dominated phytoplankton community

We investigated if (1) dissolved compounds excreted by Phaeocystis globosa and (2) transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) formed from carbohydrates excreted into the water affect the feeding of nauplii and females of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis during a P. globosa bloom. Copepod grazing on the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in the presence of these possible grazing deterrents was measured during three successive weeks of a mesocosm study, simulating the development of a P. globosa bloom. Our results demonstrate no indication for the presence of feeding deterrents in the dissolved phase, but a strong inhibitory effect of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) on the consumption of algae by both nauplii and adult copepods. The inhibitory effect of TEP was connected to the accumulation of DOM during the progress of the bloom. We suggest that a reduction in the grazing pressure of zooplankton may increase the survival of the liberated single cells during disruption of colonies and allow seeding populations to persist. Furthermore, P. globosa reduces the trophic efficiency of the food web not only by withdrawal of its colonies from grazing but also by a relaxation of the grazing pressure on co-occurring phytoplankton and by alteration of the food web structure via TEP production.     

Joint SFMN/ANOCEF focus on 18F-FDOPA PET imaging in glioma: Current applications and perspectives

18F-FDOPA PET has demonstrated its additional value during the clinical course of glioma, at initial diagnosis, for treatment planning or follow-up. The aim of the current review was to summarize current applications of 18F-FDOPA PET in gliomas and constitute, as a perspective, a first step in harmonizing clinical practices in French centers. In France, the indication for 18F-FDOPA PET is restricted to the assessment of primary brain tumor recurrence. According to the literature, this indication could be expanded to primary diagnosis and, to a lesser extent, treatment monitoring. There is a real need to harmonize standard procedures among French centers. The objective is to increase the availability of data for this rare entity of glioma and to develop multi-parametric PET analyses (static, dynamic and textural), also known as radiomics, by using artificial intelligence algorithms. For this purpose, kinetics analysis with dynamic PET acquisition should be implemented in routine practice because it has demonstrated its additional value for initial diagnosis in gliomas. Therefore, this review proposes a workflow based on acquisition and reconstruction parameters that can be implemented in each center to increase the amount of standardized 18F-FDOPA PET data in neuro-oncology imaging in France. This would help in creating a national database and developing national multi-center studies that can respond to the challenge of using multi-parametric PET in glioma.     

Pathologies de la prostate : actualités en médecine nucléaire (diagnostic et thérapeutique)

Nuclear medicine could significantly contribute to management of patients with prostate carcinoma. Apart from bone scintigraphy, and success of sentinel lymph node procedure, from a diagnosis point of view ¹⁸F-fluorocholine, which is now disposable, will certainly allow better staging accuracy, better efficiency of recurrences detection, and better treatments evaluation. Regarding to treatments, several radiopharmaceuticals demonstrated their efficiency as palliative treatment of painful bone metastasis, and maybe in the near future will contribute to curative treatment when associated to chemotherapy.     

TAPP与TEP治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果及对预后恢复的影响

摘要 目的：对比经腹腔腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果及对预后恢复的影响。方法：选取2018年3月至2021年5月期间本院收治的80例腹股沟疝成人患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为TAPP组（n=38）和TEP组（n=42）,分别给予TAPP、TEP治疗。对比两组患者术中及术后情况（手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、恢复正常活动时间、疼痛程度）,以及精索血管情况,统计术后并发症发生率。结果：TEP组手术时间、术后住院时间、恢复正常活动时间短于TAPP组,术中出血量少于TAPP组（P<0.05）;两组患者疼痛视觉模拟法（VAS）评分呈下降趋势,且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但各时间点VAS评分比较无明显差异（P>0.05）;术前,两组患者精索静脉管径及精索静脉血流速度比较无明显差异（P>0.05）,术后4周,两组患者精索静脉管径均增大,静脉血流速度均减小,但TEP组上述指标优于TAPP组（P<0.05）;TAPP组并发症发生率（7.89%）略低于TEP组（9.52%）,差异无统计学意义（t=0.066,P=0.797）。结论：TAPP、TEP治疗成人腹股沟疝安全性均良好,但TEP术后恢复更快,且对精索静脉的影响较小。