水稻转基因系CX8621中Xa21的整合和表达

农杆菌介导的转基因技术在植物中已被广泛应用,而目的基因能否发挥功能受到多种因素的影响。前期,通过农杆菌介导的转化,实验室创制了无选择标记、无载体骨架残留的水稻转Xa21基因系CX8621。截止目前,CX8621已稳定遗传16代,依然保持着对水稻白叶枯病的优良抗性。在此基础上,本研究对外源基因Xa21在CX8621中的整合和表达情况进行了分析。首先,通过在转化载体p BXa21的左右边界与Xa21基因序列设计嵌套引物,确定Xa21被完整地整合到CX8621中。随后,利用改良的Tail-PCR方法体外克隆了整合位点的边界序列,明确了Xa21被整合在CX8621的2号染色体上。然后,通过RT-PCR分析了Xa21在CX8621中不同时期和不同组织的表达情况,结果表明Xa21在CX8621中能稳定表达,其表达量的变化与之前报道的抗病性反应吻合。此外,还制备了天然XA21蛋白的抗体,对CX8621不同时期、不同组织中XA21蛋白的表达量进行了检测,结果发现在种子中检测不到XA21蛋白。由此,通过对外源基因Xa21的整合和表达分析,为CX8621的转基因生物安全评价提供了部分科学依据。     

Transient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA of the plant-pathogenic Ti-plasmid and expression of marker and resident sequences

Summary The large Ti-plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 has been used for transfection experiments with mammalian cells. In DNA from Tupaia baby fibroblasts Ti-plasmid sequences could be identified by filter hybridization as long as four weeks after transfection including two cell passages. The hybridization signals decreased rapidly after addition of the Ti-plasmid DNA-coprecipitate to the cells. The signals were often not detected any more after the first day, but were visible one week after transfection. Nuclei prepared from Ti-plasmid-transfected cells hybridized to pTi-specific RNA. With the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-gene as marker no discrimination in DNA uptake was found between the Ti-plasmid and much smaller plasmids. According to the number of nuclei with homology to pTi-sequences it is assumed that about 0.2% of the cells carry Ti-plasmid DNA in the nucleus. Analysis of RNA isolated from cells transfected with cloned segments of the Ti-plasmid revealed that the TDNA region of the Ti-plasmid was predominantly transcribed.Abbreviations CAT Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase - NPT Neomycin Phosphotransferase - SDS Sodium Dodecylsulfate - TK Thymidine Kinase     

The role of auxin in hairy root induction

Summary We have investigated the relative role of auxin and of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA in the induction of hairy roots. By infecting carrot discs with suitably constructed bacterial strains containing different T-DNA complements, we have shown that both auxin and the presence of T-DNA in the carrot cells are required for root growth on the discs. Auxin added alone or in combination with cytokinin is not sufficient to induce rooting on uninfected discs. Also cells transformed by T-DNA containing only auxin synthetic genes very rarely differentiate into roots. On the other hand auxin is necessary for hairy root induction since A. rhizogenes devoid of T-DNA-borne auxin genes is not capable of eliciting symptoms in the absence of hormone. Auxin is not required for either T-DNA transfer or T-DNA expression in the transformed host. Cells infected in the absence of auxin, which do not respond by rooting, do contain T-DNA whose expression is shown by the synthesis of hairy root opines; subsequent addition of auxin to these quiescent transformed cells results in root development. A model for hairy root induction where the action of T-DNA is envisaged as conferring auxin responsiveness to the transformed cells is discussed.     

Absence in monocotyledonous plants of the diffusible plant factors inducing T-DNA circularization and vir gene expression in Agrobacterium

Summary T-DNA circularization is one of the molecular events specifically induced in agrobacterial cells upon their infection of dicotyledonous plant cells. We developed a seedling co-cultivation procedure to determine whether or not monocotyledonous plants have the ability to induce T-DNA circularization and vir gene expression. Co-cultivation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens with seedlings of dicotyledonous plants showed that the circularization event takes place efficiently. The exudates and extracts of the seedlings also effectively induced T-DNA circularization and vir gene expression, indicating that dicotyledonous seedlings contain diffusible factors capable of inducing these molecular events. In contrast, neither T-DNA circularization nor vir gene expression was detectable when Agrobacterium was incubated with seedlings of monocotyledonous plants. Supplementing with acetosyringone, a known inducer of vir gene expression and T-DNA circularization, resulted in the induction of circularization during co-cultivation with monocotyledonous seedlings. These results indicate that the seedlings of monocotyledonous plants have no detectable amounts of diffusible inducers, unlike dicotyledonous seedlings. Therefore, it is unlikely that the vir genes are expressed in Agrobacterium inoculated in monocotyledonous plants. This may be one of the blocks in tumorigenesis of monocotyledonous plants by Agrobacterium.     

Ti质粒T区基因4的分离及其在高等植物中的表达

根癌农杆菌Ti质粒的T区DNA上带有致瘤基因,其基因4编码细胞分裂素合成酶。以pGV 354(pBR 322质粒中插有Ti质粒C 58 T区DNA的HindⅢ15-HindⅢ22大片段)重组质粒出发,我们分离了基因4,并通过基因载体pGV 3850引入了高等植物。结果证明基因4能促使烟草、向日葵,石刁柏等转化组织分化长芽。DNA分子杂交表明,转化的烟草中有正常植物所没有的基因4同源片段存在。     

Molecular biology of Ri-plasmid—A review

Agrobacterium rhizogenes transfers a segment of its plasmid to the plant genome. The transferred DNA contains genes which are involved in the synthesis of plant hormones. These genes express in the plant cell and give rise to rooty-tumors at the infection site. Transgenic plants can be readily regenerated from the rooty-tumors and the transferred DNA is transmitted to progeny plants. High regeneration potential and sustained maintenance of transferred DNA makes the bacterium a suitable vector for plant genetic engineering. DNA sequences homologous to the transferred DNA ofAgrobacterium rhizogenes were detected in some untransformed plant species suggesting a past infection byAgrobacterium rhizogenes during evolution of some genera, notably Nicotiana.     

Isolation of homozygous transgenicBrassica napus lines carrying a seed-specific chimeric 2S albumin gene and determination of linkage relationships

UsingAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, 14 T0Brassica napus plants carrying one of three chimeric 2S albumin seed protein genes were obtained after co-transformation with theneo gene. Plants were made homozygous using either cell haploid culture or, for single-copy plants, traditional crossing methods. Sixty-five percent of kanamycin-resistant plants contained at least one copy of the seed protein gene, and multiple copies were usually at a single locus. In the majority of cases, at least one copy of theneo gene was linked to an introduced 2S albumin gene, demonstrating that co-transformation is not a reliable way to obtain lines without the marker gene linked to the gene of interest. In 3 T0 plants sequences derived from beyond the left border of the vector were integrated in the plant genome, in two cases partially rearranged, confirming that T-DNA insertion is not always precise. Procedures for efficiently determining this are described. This work highlights the extra steps needed to prepare transgenic lines for field studies and potential further breeding.     

ATMYB123和ATKOR1基因参与拟南芥根发育的调控

从拟南芥T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到2个根发育相关基因ATMYB123和ATKOR1表达缺失的突变体atmyb123和atkor1,通过杂交构建这两个基因表达缺失的双突变体atmyb123/atkor1,以明确这两个基因在根发育中的作用。结果显示:(1)ATMYB123表达缺失突变体atmyb123植株地上部分发育减缓,种皮颜色变黄,而ATKOR1表达缺失突变体atkor1植株在这两方面与其野生型没有明显差异;两基因缺失均显著影响了拟南芥根的发育,根生长受到了严重抑制。(2)双突变体atmyb123/atkor1在植株形态和种皮颜色方面表现出单突变体AT-MYB123的特点,而其根长却介于两单突变体的中间。(3)进一步研究发现,培养基pH改变、NaCl处理、外源GA施用均没有改变突变体根生长趋势,显示这3种因素与两基因缺失突变引起的根发育抑制无关。研究表明,AT-MYB123和ATKOR1基因参与拟南芥根的发育调控,转录因子ATMYB123可能作为主调控因子参与ATKOR1对拟南芥根发育的调控。     

Sequence stability of the T-DNA – plant junctions in tissue culture in Arabidopsis transgenic lines

The stability of the inserted transgenes and particularly the junction regions of transgenic events is a concern of food labeling, traceability and post release monitoring, as these regions are used for development of event-specific DNA-based detection methods. During the standard agricultural breeding practices, the transgenic lines can be exposed to completely different conditions than those in the laboratory environment. Some of these conditions have the potential to affect the stability of the transgenic locus and the surrounding DNA. As tissue culture is recognized as a stressful and mutagenic factor, we have analyzed the effect of this process on the stability of the junction regions at nucleotide level in five Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines in comparison with the respective integration loci in ColO and C24 ecotypes. No indication of any kind of alteration at nucleotide level of the junctions was found. The relevance of the stability of the plant–T-DNA junction regions for application of the DNA-based methods in commercial transgenic plants is discussed.