GABA神经元在金黄地鼠视觉中枢的分布

本文用免疫细胞化学技术研究了GABA在金黄地鼠视觉中枢的分布特征,同时用统计学方法作了定量分析,结果表明:GABA阳性神经元分布在整个视皮层和上丘中,呈不均匀分布,外膝体中GABA阳性神经元密度较低.视皮层中GABA阳性神经元密度为781mm~2,占视皮层细胞总数的19.7%,上丘中其密度为812/mm~2,占22.3%,视皮层Ⅰ层中GABA阳性神经元为52%,上丘表层(浅灰层及视觉层GABA阳性神经元为56%,GABA阳性神经元包括不同类型的细胞.在视皮层中可观察到GABA免疫疫应阳性的锥体细胞.     

阿霉素处理的肿瘤抗原致敏树突状细胞的抗肿瘤免疫研究

研究表明化疗药物作用于肿瘤细胞后可有效激发免疫应答,这与肿瘤细胞的性质和化疗药物有关。该研究主要探讨阿霉素（adriamycin,ADM）处理小鼠宫颈癌u14细胞获得的肿瘤抗原致敏树突状细胞（dendriticceils,DCs）的免疫应答及对肿瘤的杀伤效应。分别应用ADM和反复冻融法处理小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞,取其离心上清液,致敏小鼠骨髓来源的DC,观察DC诱导的淋巴细胞增殖反应和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxicTlymphocyte,CTL）对宫颈癌细胞的细胞毒效应。结果显示：ADM处理的U14细胞抗原致敏后的DC组所激发和扩增的T细胞数及对宫颈癌细胞的杀伤效果显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。因而提示ADM处理的肿瘤抗原能有效地致敏DC并产生抗肿瘤免疫效应。     

Distinct responses of cones and melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the human electroretinogram

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The discovery of the novel photoreceptor, melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), has raised researchers' interest in photoreceptive tasks performed by the mRGC, especially in non-image-forming visual functions. In a prior study, we investigated the mRGC response to light stimuli independent of rods and cones with the four-primary illumination system, which modulates stimulus levels to the mRGC and cones independently, and mRGC baseline responses were recorded in the electroretinogram (ERG). METHODS: In the present study, we used the same illumination system to compare independent responses of the mRGC and cones in five subjects (mean +/- SD age, 23.0 +/- 1.7 years). The ERG waveforms were examined as direct measurements of responses of the mRGCs and cones to stimulation (250 msec). Implicit times (the time taken to peaks) and peak values from 30 stimuli given to each subject were analyzed. RESULTS: Two distinct positive peaks appeared in the mRGC response, approximately 80 msec after the onset of the stimuli and 30 msec after their offset, while no such peaks appeared in the cone response. The response to the mRGC stimulus was significantly higher than that to the cone stimulus at ~80 msec (p < 0.05) and tended to be higher than the cone stimulus at ~280 msec (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Implicit time of the first peak was much longer than that to the b-wave and this delay might reflect mRGC's sluggish responses. This is the first report of amplitudes and implicit time in the ERG from the response of the mRGC that is independent of rods and cones and obtained using the four-primary illumination system.     

大鼠初级感觉神经元P2X3受体的表达及其与SP的关系

目的研究在大鼠初级感觉神经元细胞上P2X3受体的表达情况及其与P物质的关系。方法取SD大鼠背根神经节(DRG)和三叉神经节(TG)固定后切片;用抗P2X3受体抗体和抗SP抗体进行免疫组织化学反应,并通过两种不同的显色方法同时进行P2X3受体和SP的双标。结果P2X3免疫反应阳性细胞主要集中在小细胞和中等细胞(其中在TG,P2X3-ir阳性神经元约占整个细胞的24.8%;在DRG约31.7%的神经元是P2X3-ir阳性),并且在DRG和TG细胞上均存在有P2X3受体和SP共存(TG上的双标细胞占P2X3-ir阳性细胞总数的36.26%,DRG上占46.81%)。结论由于ATP门控阳离子通道受体P2X3本身就与伤害性感受的初级传入有关,而它与SP的共存可提示当组织中的ATP释放时可以通过P2X3受体作用于含SP的伤害性感觉神经末梢上,促使SP释放引起痛觉过敏。     

靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌CaSki细胞的抑制作用

以RNA干扰技术为手段,HPV编码的癌蛋白E6为靶标．探讨靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为的影响,并试图阐明该实验的临床意义．构建靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA表达载体,应用体外转染试剂转染HPV16-E6阳性的宫颈癌CaSki细胞．以RT—PCR检测CaSki细胞中E6蛋白的mRNA的表达．借助细胞色素c测定来分析细胞凋亡相关分子的表达和活性．从而研究靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA诱导细胞凋亡的分子机制．RT．PCR检测结果表明,将靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA的表达载体瞬时转染到HPV16-E6阳性的CaSki细胞后,其所舍E6蛋白质和mRNA的表达下调;Westernblotting栓出抑凋亡蛋白Bcl．2的表达亦告下调;细胞色素C释放实验结果显示,HPV16-E6siRNA能够诱导细胞色素c从线粒体释放到细胞浆中。从而诱导细胞凋亡．靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA能够有效抑制细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡．靶向HPV16-E6的siRNA为研究重要致瘤蛋白HPV16-E的功能开辟了新途径,给HPV16-E6阳性肿瘤的靶向基因治疗提供新的实验依据．并探索了HPV感染及宫颈癌的新基因疗法．     

Methylation of the Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene RASSF1A in Primary Cervical Tumors

Methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease analysis (MSRA) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used to estimate the methylation level of 13 CpG dinucleotides in the promoter region of the putative suppressor gene RASSF1A (3p21.31) in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix (SCCs) carrying human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, and related types. Methylation of 3 to 13 CpG pairs has been found in 64% (25 out of 39) tumor DNA samples, 22% (2 out of 9) DNA samples from morphologically normal tissues adjacent to the tumor (P = 0.0306), and two out of three DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes of carcinoma patients. These CpG pairs are not methylated in the DNA of leukocytes of healthy donors (0 out of 10). The methylation level of the RASSF1A promoter region studied in tumors of the patients with regional lymph node metastases is significantly higher than in tumors of the patient that have no metastases (P = 8.5 × 10^–12). The methylation frequency of gene RASSF1A is two times higher than the frequency of hemi- and homozygous deletions in the chromosome 3 region where the gene is located. The data obtained indicate that methylation is one of the main mechanisms of the RASSF1A gene inactivation in HPV-positive human cervical tumors. The methylation of this gene may be an early event in the genesis of cervical tumors, the methylation level increasing with tumor progression.     

子宫颈糜烂病毒病因的探讨

491份宫颈拭子病毒分离结果表明:糜烂宫颈单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)分离阳性率(30.8％)是正常宫颈(2.6％)的11.8倍,用人干扰素治疗一个疗程后,病毒分离率下降至疗前的1/4.36例糜烂宫颈活体组织DNA分子杂交表明,乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV-16)阳性者占52.8和,HPV-18占17.9％,HPV-6B占28.1％,HPV-11占7.7％,251例宫颈糜烂患者经人(?)D型基因工程干扰素双盲对比治疗后,总有效率达93.8％,显效率达60％,分析临床疗效与HSV分离率的变化表明,临床有效病例中有35％(49/140)在治疗后病毒阴转,有57％在疗前疗后均未分离出HSV,有5％在疗前疗后保持阳性不变,有2.9％疗前阴性,疗后阳性,上述结果表明,HSV和HPV与慢性宫颈炎有一定关系。     

DNA损伤诱导的长链非编码RNA-UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖

尿路上皮癌抗原1 (UCA1)是一种长链非编码RNA,在多种肿瘤内高表达.然而,其在宫颈癌细胞和组织中的表达报告颇不一致,且功能尚未确定.本文探索UCA1在宫颈癌HeLa细胞中的生物学功能.实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）结果显示,UCA1、p21和p53 mRNA在阿霉素（doxorubicin,DOX）或γ射线照射的HeLa细胞中表达上调|相反,敲减p53表达则可抑制DOX诱导的UCA1上调.表明DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可能与p53有关.转染结合CCK8检测HeLa细胞增殖活力结果显示,与对照比较,过表达UCA1促进HeLa细胞增殖,干扰UCA1表达则减缓细胞增殖.此外,流式细胞术结果显示,过表达UCA1导致阿霉素诱导的凋亡率下降;siRNA抑制UCA1表达后引起细胞G2/M期比例上升,S期下降,且阿霉素诱导的细胞凋亡率上升.上述结果说明,DNA损伤诱导的UCA1可促进HeLa细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡.然而,是否DNA损伤诱导的UCA1上调依赖p53尚需进一步实验证明.     

应用DNA芯片鉴定HPV18 E6-siRNA诱导HeLa 细胞凋亡的分子机制

高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）的E6基因在宫颈癌的发生中起关键作用,特异siRNA能有效抑制宫颈癌HeLa 细胞内HPV18 E6基因的表达,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.为进一步探讨HPV18 E6-siRNA诱导HeLa 细胞凋亡的分子机制,针对HPV18-E6基因设计siRNA序列,利用人源U6启动子为模板,经PCR表达框架法体外扩增,转染宫颈癌HeLa细胞抑制HPV18 -E6基因表达,从而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.对转染前后HeLa细胞总RNA样品进行荧光标记后,与Agilent Human 1A寡核苷酸芯片杂交、扫描、数据分析及标准化处理,确定表达差异的基因并经荧光定量PCR对部分基因进行验证,结合PANTHER数据分析系统,将这些基因按照生物学功能进行归类,查阅GenBank数据库及相关文献,对其结果进行深入分析及讨论.在检测的18 716个基因和EST中,共筛出差异表达基因359个,其中307个基因表达上调,52个基因表达下调,主要包括细胞周期相关基因CCNG1、p21;凋亡相关基因CASP4、CASP6、IGFBP3、DFFA;泛素蛋白酶解途径相关基因E6-AP、UBE2C;角化细胞分化相关基因KRT4、KRT6E、KRT18;抑癌基因RECK、VHL等.研究结果表明,HPV18 -E6基因抑制引起的细胞凋亡效应主要是通过P53信号途径和泛素蛋白酶解信号途径调节细胞周期相关基因和凋亡相关基因的表达,从而抑制HeLa细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡.同时,抑癌基因的激活,角化细胞分化和免疫相关基因的表达上调,都说明了E6抑制后肿瘤细胞恶性转化程度的下降.