全文获取类型
收费全文 | 943篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
国内免费 | 163篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 74篇 |
2012年 | 18篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 42篇 |
2008年 | 64篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 36篇 |
2005年 | 35篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 41篇 |
2002年 | 47篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 35篇 |
1999年 | 48篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1133条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
21.
The phospholipid composition of Steinernema carpocapsae was studied in relation to diet and culture temperature. When reared at 18 and 27.5 C on Galleria mellonella or on an artificial diet supplemented with lard, linseed oil, or fish oil as lipid sources, nematode phospholipids contained an abundance of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids, with eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n - 3)) predominant, regardless of the fatty acid composition of the diet. Because the level of linolenic acid (18:3(n - 3)) in nematode phospholipids was very low and because eicosapentaenoic acid was present even when its precursor (linolenic acid) was undetectable in the diet, S. carpocapsae likely produces n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by de novo biosynthesis, a pathway seldom reported in eukaryotic animals. Reduction of growth temperature from 25 to 18 C increased the proportion of 20:5(n - 3) but not other polyunsaturated fatty acids. A fluorescence polarization technique revealed that vesicles produced from phospholipids of nematodes reared at 18 C were less ordered than those from nematodes reared at 27.5 C, especially in the outermost region of the bilayer. Dietary fish oil increased fluidity in the outermost region but increased rigidity in deeper regions. Therefore, S. carpocapsae appears to modify its membrane physical state in response to temperature, and eicosapentaenoic acid may be involved in this response. The results also indicate that nematode membrane physical state can be modified dietarily, possibly to the benefit of host-finding or survival of S. carpocapsae at low temperatures. 相似文献
22.
Lisa L. Kohring David B. Ringelberg Richard Devereux David A. Stahl Marc W. Mittelman David C. White 《FEMS microbiology letters》1994,119(3):303-308
Abstract Twenty-five isolates of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria were clustered based on similarity analysis of their phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA). Of these, 22 showed that phylogenetic relationships based on the sequence similarity of their 16S rRNA directly paralleled the PLFA relationships. Desulfobacter latus and Desulfobacter curvatus grouped with the other Desulfobacter spp. by 16S rRNA comparison but not with the PLFA analysis as they contained significantly more monoenoic PLFA than the others. Similarly, Desulfovibrio africanus clustered with the Desulfovibrio spp. by 16S rRNA but not with them when analyzed by PLFA patterns because of higher monoenoic PLFA content. Otherwise, clustering obtained with either analysis was essentially congruent. The relationships defined by PLFA patterns appeared robust to shifts in nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Additional analyses utilizing the lipopolysaccharide-lipid A hydroxy fatty acid patterns appeared not to shift the relationships based on PLFA significantly except when completely absent, as in Gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic relationships between isolates defined by 16S rRNA sequence divergence represent a selection clearly different from the multi-enzyme activities responsible for the PLFA patterns. Determination of bacterial relationships based on different selective pressures for various cellular components provides more clues to evolutionary history leading to a more rational nomenclature. 相似文献
23.
Christena Visser-Tenyenhuis B. N. S. Murthy Joseph Odumeru Praveen K. Saxena 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1994,30(3):140-143
Summary The Ringo Rose cultivar of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey) has been shown to be morphogenetically unresponsive. Attempts to improve somatic embryogenesis using various seed
stress treatments before germination proved ineffective. However, bacterial contamination of one of the seed-stress treatments
led to infected explants that had a significant increase in frequency of high-quality somatic embryos. The co-cultivation
of explants with the isolated bacterium (tentatively identified asBacillus sp.) was found to be repeatable, and potentially represents a novel way to improve morphogenesis in geranium and possibly
other species. 相似文献
24.
Dennis A. Bazylinski Anthony J. Garratt-Reed Afshin Abedi Richard B. Frankel 《Archives of microbiology》1993,160(1):35-42
Greigite (Fe3S4) and pyrite (FeS2) particles in the magnetosomes of a many-celled, magnetotactic prokaryote (MMP), common in brackish-to-marine, sulfidic, aquatic habitats, contained relatively high concentrations of copper which ranged from about 0.1 to 10 atomic per cent relative to iron. In contrast, the greigite particles in the magnetosomes of a curved magnetotactic bacterium collected from the same sampling site did not contain significant levels of copper. The ability of the MMP to biomineralize copper within its magnetosomes appeared to be limited to that organism and dependent upon the site from which it was collected. Although the chemical mechanism and physiological function of copper accumulation in the magnetosomes of the MMP is unclear, the presence of copper is the first evidence that another transition metal ion could be incorporated in the mineral phase of the magnetosomes of a magnetotactic bacterium.Abbreviation MMP
many-celled magnetotactic prokaryote 相似文献
25.
Marc J. E. C. van der Maarel Peter Quist Lubbert Dijkhuizen Theo A. Hansen 《Archives of microbiology》1993,160(5):411-412
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, an osmolyte of marine algae, is thought to be the major precursor of dimethyl sulfide, which plays a dominant role in biogenic sulfur emission. The marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfobacterium strain PM4 was found to degrade dimethylsulfoniopropionate to 3-S-methylmercaptopropionate. The oxidation of one of the methyl groups of dimethylsulfoniopropionate was coupled to the reduction of sulfate; this process is similar to the degradation betaine to dimethylglycine which was described earlier for the same strain. Desulfobacterium PM4 is the first example of an anaerobic marine bacterium that is able to demethylate dimethylsulfoniopropionate.Abbreviations DMSP
dimethylsulfoniopropionate
- DMS
dimethyl sulfide
- MMPA
3-S-methylmercaptopropionate 相似文献
26.
27.
Husain D.R. Goutx M. Acquaviva M. Gilewicz M. Bertrand J.-C. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1997,13(5):587-590
Three hydrocarbon uptake modes (adherence, emulsification and solubilization) were identified and quantified in cells and supernatants of a mesophilic marine bacterium Pseudomonas nautica strain 617 grown on eicosane. The adherence capacity was related to the enrichment of cells with wax esters and glycolipids. The emulsifying activity was related to the presence of extracellular biosurfactants composed of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids (35:63:2). The intensity of substrate uptake modes was sensitive to temperatures currently found in the original environment of P. nautica (16°C, 20°C and 32°C). When temperature decreased, a significant increase in adherence and emulsifying activity was observed in relation to biochemical changes, whereas solubilizing activity decreased. The marine bacterium was able to degrade 53–59% eicosane at the end of exponential growth after 13, 5 and 3 days incubation at 16°C, 20°C and 32°C respectively. 相似文献
28.
Acetone degradation by cell suspensions of Desulfobacterium cetonicum was CO2-dependent, indicating initiation by a carboxylation reaction. Degradation of butyrate was not CO2-dependent, and acetate accumulated at a ratio of 1 mol acetate per mol butyrate degraded. In cultures grown on acetone, no CoA transfer apparently occurred, and no acetate accumulated in the medium. No CoA-ligase activities were detected in cell-free crude extracts. This suggested that the carboxylation of acetone to acetoacetate, and its activation to acetoacetyl-CoA may occur without the formation of free acetoacetate. Acetoacetyl-CoA was thiolytically cleaved to two acetyl-CoA, which were oxidized to CO2 via the acetyl-CoA/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway. The measured intracellular acyl-CoA ester concentrations allowed the calculation of the free energy changes involved in the conversion of acetone to acetyl-CoA. At in vivo concentrations of reactants and products, the initial steps (carboxylation and activation) must be energy-driven, either by direct coupling to ATP, or coupling to transmembrane gradients. The G of acetone conversion to two acetyl-CoA at the expense of the energetic equivalent of one ATP was calculated to lie very close to 0kJ (mol acetone)-1. Assimilatory metabolism was by an incomplete citric acid cycle, lacking an activity oxidatively decarboxylating 2-oxoglutarate. The low specific activities of this cycle suggested its probable function in anabolic metabolism. Succinate and glyoxylate were formed from isocitrate by isocitrate lyase. Glyoxylate thus formed was condensed with acetyl-CoA to form malate, functioning as an anaplerotic sequence. A glyoxylate cycle thus operates in this strictly anaerobic bacterium. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase formed PEP from oxaloacetate. No pyruvate kinase activity was detected. PEP presumably served as a precursor for polyglucose formation and other biosyntheses.Abbreviations
MV
2+
Oxidized methyl viologen
-
PEP
Phosphoenolpyruvate
-
PHB
Poly--hydroxybutyrate 相似文献
29.
A new species of halophilic photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodospirillum salinarum, has been isolated and described. Its natural habitat are the terminal crystallization ponds of solar salt production plants. R. salinarum grows optimally at 42°C in the presence of 6–18% NaCl (w/v). Growth requirements are complex, yeast extract and peptone being required both for aerobic heterotrophic and for anaerobic phototrophic growth. Increasing concentrations of NaCl in the growth media did not give rise to any corresponding increase in intracellular concentrations of K+, Na+, polyalcohols or amino acids. Malate dehydrogenase from R. salinarum is not halophilic, being inhibited even at low concentrations of Na+ or K+. The GC mol % of DNA from R. salinarum is markedly higher than that for DNA from R. salexigens, the only previously described halophilic species of the genus Rhodospirillum. 相似文献
30.
An indirect enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA) was developed for cytochrome c3 using antisera to the cytochromes fromDesulfovibrio africanus Benghazi, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough andDesulfovibrio salexigens British Guiana. The ELISA system was used to test for cross-reactions between these antisera and the heterologous antigens. In contrast to previous experiments using the Ouchterlony technique, all of the cytochromes c3 tested exhibited some degree of cross-reaction. Considerable variation was seen in cross-reactions for cytochromes c3 from differing strains ofD. desulfuricans. This observation raises questions about the taxonomic relatedness of these strains. No cross-reaction was seen with eukaryotic cytochrome c or withD. vulgaris cytochrome c553. The data demonstrate that cytochrome c3 is capable of undergoing nonprecipitating cross-reactions, and thus may not be as immunologically unique as was once thought.Abbreviations ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay 相似文献