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221.
《Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal》2021,21(6):367-393
In view of the increasing complexity of both cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and patients in the current era, practice guidelines, by necessity, have become increasingly specific. This document is an expert consensus statement that has been developed to update and further delineate indications and management of CIEDs in pediatric patients, defined as ≤21 years of age, and is intended to focus primarily on the indications for CIEDs in the setting of specific disease categories. The document also highlights variations between previously published adult and pediatric CIED recommendations and provides rationale for underlying important differences. The document addresses some of the deterrents to CIED access in low- and middle-income countries and strategies to circumvent them. The document sections were divided up and drafted by the writing committee members according to their expertise. The recommendations represent the consensus opinion of the entire writing committee, graded by class of recommendation and level of evidence. Several questions addressed in this document either do not lend themselves to clinical trials or are rare disease entities, and in these instances recommendations are based on consensus expert opinion. Furthermore, specific recommendations, even when supported by substantial data, do not replace the need for clinical judgment and patient-specific decision-making. The recommendations were opened for public comment to Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) members and underwent external review by the scientific and clinical document committee of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the science advisory and coordinating committee of the American Heart Association (AHA), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). The document received endorsement by all the collaborators and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), the Indian Heart Rhythm Society (IHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). This document is expected to provide support for clinicians and patients to allow for appropriate CIED use, appropriate CIED management, and appropriate CIED follow-up in pediatric patients. 相似文献
222.
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder. Patients have heterochromia or eyes with iris of different color, increased inter-canthal distance, distopia canthorum, pigmentation anomalies, and varying degree of deafness. It usually follows autosomal dominant pattern. In this report, two cases have been discussed but no familial history of WS has been found. Counseling of the patient is necessary and cases of irreversible deafness have been treated. 相似文献
223.
James J. McKenna 《Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)》1990,1(2):145-177
This paper and its subsequent parts (Part II and Part III) build on an earlier publication (McKenna 1986). They suggest that
important clinical data on the relationship between infantile constitutional deficits and microenvironmental factors relevant
to SIDS can be acquired by examining the physiological regulatory effects (well documented among nonhuman primates) that parents
assert on their infants when they sleep together.
I attempt to show why access to parental sensory cues (movement, touch, smell, sound) that induce arousals in infants while
they sleep could possibly help one of many different subclasses of infants either to override certain kinds of sleep-induced
breathing control errors suspected to be involved in SIDS or to avoid them altogether. I do not suggest that solitary nocturnal
sleep “causes” SIDS, that all parents should sleep with their infants, or that traditional SIDS research strategies should
be abandoned. However, using evolutionary data, I do suggest that an adaptive fit exists between parent-infant sleep contact
and the natural physiological vulnerabilities of the neurologically immature human infant, whose breathing system is more
complex than that of other mammals owing to its speech-breathing abilities. This “fit” is best understood, it is argued, in
terms of the 4–5 million years of human evolution in which parent-infant contact was almost certainly continuous during at
least the first year of an infant’s life. Thus, to dismiss the idea that solitary sleep has no physiological consequences
for infants does not accord with scientific facts.
James J. McKenna is Associate Professor of Anthropology and Chair of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Pomona
College. He also has an appointment as an Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor in the Departments of Pediatrics, Child Psychiatry,
and Human Behavior at the University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine. His primary research interests and many of
his publications concern aspects of primate parenting and infant development among both human and nonhuman primates. For the
past seven years he has been investigating from an anthropological perspective possible environmental correlates of the sudden
infant death syndrome (SIDS) and has just finished a preliminary study on the physiological correlates of human parent-infant
co-sleeping. His earlier monograph on the subject (cited in this paper) has received much international attention. He and
his colleagues (Mosko and Dungy) are the first to have used standard polysomnographic techniques to document simultaneously
human parent-infant co-sleeping. He has won three awards for distinguished teaching at Pomona College. 相似文献