Sleep and Academic Performance in Undergraduates: A Multi-measure,Multi-predictor Approach

The present study examined the associations of sleep patterns with multiple measures of academic achievement of undergraduate university students and tested whether sleep variables emerged as significant predictors of subsequent academic performance when other potential predictors, such as class attendance, time devoted to study, and substance use are considered. A sample of 1654 (55% female) full-time undergraduates 17 to 25 yrs of age responded to a self-response questionnaire on sleep, academics, lifestyle, and well-being that was administered at the middle of the semester. In addition to self-reported measures of academic performance, a final grade for each student was collected at the end of the semester. Univariate analyses found that sleep phase, morningness/eveningness preference, sleep deprivation, sleep quality, and sleep irregularity were significantly associated with at least two academic performance measures. Among 15 potential predictors, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified 5 significant predictors of end-of-semester marks: previous academic achievement, class attendance, sufficient sleep, night outings, and sleep quality (R²?=?0.14 and adjusted R²?=?0.14, F(5, 1234)?=?40.99, p?<?.0001). Associations between academic achievement and the remaining sleep variables as well as the academic, well-being, and lifestyle variables lost significance in stepwise regression. Together with class attendance, night outings, and previous academic achievement, self-reported sleep quality and self-reported frequency of sufficient sleep were among the main predictors of academic performance, adding an independent and significant contribution, regardless of academic variables and lifestyles of the students. (Author correspondence: ana.allen@ua.pt)     

环境工程微生物学教学改革探索与学生创新能力的培养

根据农科院校环境工程专业的培养目标,从充实教学内容、探讨课程重点难点、改进教学方法及创新实验内容等方面对"环境工程微生物学"课程进行了改革探索,理论联系实际,加强学生科学研究及创新能力的培养,提高了教学质量。     

肾脏内科双语教学查房的实践与探索

目的:为加强医学生的英语实际应用能力,探索如何培养我国复合型医学人才和实现可持续性发展提供参考方案。方法:采用整群抽样方法,选择在西京医院肾脏内科工作的低年资住院医师8人,规范化培训学员12人,随机分为两组,每组10人,分别为实验组(双语教学查房组)和对照组(中文教学查房组)。观察两组学员的效果评价分为过程性评价指标和结论性评价指标。过程性评价指标包括:查房过程中的互动频率、参加查房情况、英文病例探讨会的发言情况和英文综述阅读理解情况等;结论性评价指标包括:学员参加外籍专家进行的英文讲座次数及发言情况、学员及低年资住院医师参加每年医院内考试的成绩以及学员的满意度调查等,共观察6个月。结果:经过观察,实验组逐渐适应肾脏内科双语查房,其查房过程中课堂互动频率以及综述阅读理解情况均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(表1,P0.05),而两组学员参加查房的出勤率并没有显著差异。结论:在肾脏内科临床实习带教中贯彻双语教学,可以提高学员的积极性和学习兴趣,还可以逐步加深学员对医学英文的理解和掌握。     

达斡尔族学生体表面积研究

调查了1739例（男854例,女885例）达斡尔族学生的身高、体重值,采用Stevenson公式计算了每位学生的体表面积,并求得6—19岁14个年龄组男女学生的体表面积均数。研究表明：（1）达斡尔族学生体表面积随年龄增大而增加。（2）11岁女生体表面积均数超过男生,14岁男生体表面积均数又超过女生。（3）15岁以后,男女学生体表面积值之差加大。     

大学生自我心理治疗的过程、评定和原则

本文论述了大学生自我心理治疗一般过程中的四个阶段,自我心理治疗效果的评定方式、指标和评定依据,以及自我心理治疗的七个原则。     

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses,Salivary Biomarkers,and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Typically, self-reports are used in educational research to assess student response and performance to a classroom activity. Yet, addition of biological and physiological measures such as salivary biomarkers and galvanic skin responses are rarely included, limiting the wealth of information that can be obtained to better understand student performance. A laboratory protocol to study undergraduate students'' responses to classroom events (e.g., exams) is presented. Participants were asked to complete a representative exam for their degree. Before and after the laboratory exam session, students completed an academic achievement emotions self-report and an interview that paralleled these questions when participants wore a galvanic skin sensor and salivary biomarkers were collected. Data collected from the three methods resulted in greater depth of information about students'' performance when compared to the self-report. The work can expand educational research capabilities through more comprehensive methods for obtaining nearer to real-time student responses to an examination activity.     

Sandwich Courses for Degrees in Applied Biology

Results are reported of an investigation into what schoolboys understand about evolution and heredity before they are taught these topics. This was explored by means of open-ended interviews. It was found that the boys' understanding had seven foci: evolution as a phenomenon, why evolution occurred, the process of change, adaptation, selection, chance, and inheritance. The concept of adaptation was found to be particularly well established, that of chance least so. Naturalistic and Lamarckian interpretations of evolution were predominant. Key concepts in the boys' existing knowledge were identified and incorporated into outline teaching schemes.     

某军校学员心理健康情况调查分析

目的：了解军校学员心理健康状况,为军校心理辅导工作提供理论依据,提高军校教育管理水平,有效预防学员在校期间由于压力、情绪等因素造成的心理问题。方法：使用DXC-6型多项群体心理测评仪,对某军校不同年级1332名学员进行卡特尔16种人格个性因素测验。结果：①1332名被测试学员16PF得分总体呈现”五高三低”。②不同年级的学员在16PF多项因子上得分有差异（P〈0．05）。研究生在C、M、O等因子得分明显高于大三学员,而在A、F、H等得分明显低于大三学员（P〈0．05）;研究生在C因子得分明显高于大四学员（P〈0．05）,F、G、Y2因子得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）,而在A、M、O、H这些因子的得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;大三学员在A、H、X2等得分明显高于大四学员,而在M、O、Q1等得分明显低于大四学员（P〈0．05）。结论：军校学员的整体心理健康水平良好;本科学员（尤其是大三学员）的心理健康水平明显优于研究生;大三的学员在乐群性、敢为性、实验性、忧虑性等方面优于大四学员,和大四学员相比,大三学员更喜欢探索新生事物。     

Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population

ABSTRACT

In humans and most other species, changes in the intensity and duration of light provide a critical set of signals for the synchronisation of the circadian system to the astronomical day. The timing of activity within the 24 h day defines an individual’s chronotype, i.e. morning, intermediate or evening type. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between environmental light exposure, due to geographical location, on the chronotype of university students. Over 6 000 university students from cities in the Northern Hemisphere (Oxford, Munich and Groningen) and Southern Hemisphere (Perth, Melbourne and Auckland) completed the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire. In parallel, light measures (daily irradiance, timing of sunrise and sunset) were compiled from satellite or ground stations at each of these locations. Our data shows that later mid-sleep point on free days (corrected for oversleep on weekends MFS_sc) is associated with (i) residing further from the equator, (ii) a later sunset, (iii) spending more time outside and (iv) waking from sleep significantly after sunrise. However, surprisingly, MSF_sc did not correlate with daily light intensity at the different geographical locations. Although these findings appear to contradict earlier studies suggesting that in the wider population increased light exposure is associated with an earlier chronotype, our findings are derived exclusively from a student population aged between 17 and 26 years. We therefore suggest that the age and occupation of our population increase the likelihood that these individuals will experience relatively little light exposure in the morning whilst encountering more light exposure later in the day, when light has a delaying effect upon the circadian system.     

PBL教学应用于少数民族学生解剖学教学的体悟

人体解剖学是直接影响其他基础医学和临床医学课程教学成效的重要基础课程。新疆是多民族聚居区,我校也是以少数民族学生居多,所以如何结合他们的民族特点,运用良好的教学方法和教学手段,对提高我校少数民族人体解剖学的教学质量具有至关重要的作用。我们在教学过程中开展了PBL教学探索,认为PBL教学可以锻炼学生的自主学习能力,激发学生的学习兴趣,以弥补传统教学中的呆板、缺乏灵活性等缺点,让学生更快更好更有兴趣地学习人体解剖学,从而达到提高教学质量的目的,为少数民族教育探索提供了新的途径。