枸橼酸托法替布片联合仙灵骨葆胶囊对类风湿性关节炎合并骨质疏松患者血清炎症细胞因子、骨强度及骨代谢水平影响

摘要 目的：探讨枸橼酸托法替布片联合仙灵骨葆胶囊对类风湿性关节炎（RA）合并骨质疏松患者血清炎症细胞因子、骨强度及骨代谢水平影响。方法：纳入2021年8月至2022年8月期间徐州医科大学附属连云港医院诊治的80例RA合并骨质疏松患者。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（雷公藤多苷片联合仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗）和实验组（枸橼酸托法替布片联合仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗）,各为40例。对比两组疗效、炎症细胞因子、骨强度及骨代谢指标,观察两组不良反应发生率。结果：实验组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（M-CSF）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后横截面积（CSA）、横截面转动惯量（CSMI）、截面系数（Z）、皮质厚度（CT）高于对照组同期（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后骨钙素N端中分子（N-MID）、总Ⅰ型胶原氨基端延长肽（T-PINP）、骨钙素（BGP）、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端前肽（PICP）高于对照组同期,β-胶原降解产物（β-CTX）低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组治疗后腰椎骨密度和股骨颈骨密度较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血沉（ESR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、类风湿关节炎患者病情（DAS28）评分下降,且实验组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：枸橼酸托法替布片联合仙灵骨葆胶囊应用于RA合并骨质疏松患者,可有效调节骨代谢水平,增强骨强度,降低血清炎症细胞因子水平。     

Vanadium derivatives act as growth factor — mimetic compounds upon differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast-like UMR106 cells

The effect of different vanadium compounds on proliferation and differentiation was examined in osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Vanadate increased the cell growth in a biphasic manner, the higher doses inhibiting cell progression. Vanadyl stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-responsive manner. Similar to vanadate, pervanadate increased osteoblast-like cell proliferation in a biphasic manner but no inhibition of growth was observed. Vanadyl and pervanadate were stronger stimulators of cell growth than vanadate. Only vanadate was able to regulate the cell differentiation as measured by cell alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggest that vanadium derivatives behave like growth factors on osteoblast-like cells and are potential pharmacological tools in the control of cell growth.     

Replating of bioreactor expanded human bone marrow results in extended growth of primitive and mature cells

The capability to expand human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM MNC) in high density perfusion culture chambers (bioreactors) has recently been developed. In these bioreactors, total cell colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) numbers increase significantly over a 14-day period. However, cell growth ceases after the 14-day period, possibly due to cell density limitations. Because of the remaining presence of early cells, it should be feasible to replate the cells and obtain continued expansion. In this study, we demonstrate that bioreactors generate cells, which upon replating into secondary bioreactors, lead to continued cell, CFU-GM, and LTC-IC₈ (measured after 8 weeks of secondary culture) expansion. A two-stage protocol, involving the replating of cells on days 9 to 12 of culture into new bioreators at the original seeding density, yielded greater than 50-fold cell expansion from BM MNC in 25 days. CFU-GM were expanded inhibitory factor (LIF) had no significant effect on total cells, CFU-GM, or LTC-IC₅ in this system. We conclude that two-stage bioreactor cultures are capable of supporting extended growth of human BM MNC, CFU-GM, and LTC-IC₈. The continued expansion of these primitive cells in the second stage of culture suggests that primitive cells with significant proliferative potential were generated in this system, and previous data on LTC-IC₅ expansion has now been extended to LTC-IC₈ expansion. Further optimization of culture conditions is likely to improve on the results obtained here, thus making perfusion bioreactor culture correspondingly more attractive for expanding BM MNC for BM transplantation.     

Structure of the female reproductive tract of the apple snail. II. Scanning electron microscopy

The albumen gland of Pomacea paludosa, a prosobranch gastropod, contains two main ducts. The albumen gland duct consists of a single layer of secretory and non-secretory cells. The surface of the non-secretory cells is covered with cilia. Microvilli are associated with the luminal edges of the secretory cells. Globules of secretory products appear at the cell surfaces. The capsule gland duct coils through the albumen gland and is composed of two opposing faces each of two layers of cells. The upper layer consists of ciliated non-secretory cells and the microvilli covered necks of the goblet-shaped secretory cells. The bases of the secretory cells comprises the lower layer of cells. Differences in the arrangement of cellular processes and number exists between the duct epithelia.     

Relationship between tooth and long bone size

Canonical correlations between tooth and long bone dimensions showed a greater correlation for Anglo-Saxons and apes than for Nineteenth Century Londoners, i.e., coefficients of 0.75 for gorilla, 0.72 for chimpanzee, 0.69 for orang-utans, 0.74 for Anglo-Saxons, but 0.53 for Nineteenth Century Londoners. Although based upon limited sample sizes and limited metrical profiles of teeth and long bones, the data support the thesis that modern Europeans are under reduced selection pressure to maintain tooth size compared with apes or ancient man.     

Immunologic unresponsiveness of mouse spleen sensitized to allogenic tumors.

CS7BL/6 mice were sensitized with an ip injection of allogeneic P-815 mastocytoma cells. Fifteen days later the spleen cells of the tumor allosensitized mice were cultured and tested for their responsiveness to mitogens and alloantigens, and for their ability to generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. The results indicate that 15 day tumor-sensitized spleen cells are hypo-responsive in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with DBA/2 or AKR as stimulating spleen cells. The cells which are hypo-responsive in MLC can proliferate in response to mitogens and they also can generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. MLC reactivity recovers in about 2–3 months which is $\text{1}\text{1}\text{2}\text{–2}\text{1}\text{2}$ months after the mice have rejected their tumors. The mechanism of MLC hypo-responsiveness was investigated. The results suggest the presence of a suppressor cell which does not appear to be a macrophage or a B-cell. The suppressor cell can be separated from the cytotoxic cell and therefore appears to be a noncytotoxic T-cell.     

How do trabeculae affect the calculation of structural properties of bone?

One difficulty that arises in an analysis of the cross-sectional properties of bone is whether to include cancellous bone in the analysis. The purpose of this paper is to determine how different amounts of cancellous bone affect the measurement of structural properties of bone cross-sections. Thirty-two tibial and femoral cross-sections were chosen at random from a series of cross-sectioned nonhuman primate bones. Geometrical properties were calculated for the cross-sections, and torsional and bending stress analyses were performed. The results suggest that the effect of including cancellous bone in the analysis is closely related to the amount of bone, where it lies within the cross-section, and the type of analysis performed. Including cancellous bone in calculations of structural properties of bone cross-sections may cause the strength and stiffness of the bone to be exaggerated.