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11.
Distribution, morphology, and orientation of superficial neuromasts and polarization of the hair cells within superficial neuromasts of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined using fluorescence labeling and scanning electron microscopy. On each body side, goldfish have 1,800-2,000 superficial neuromasts distributed across the head, trunk and tail fin. Each superficial neuromast had about 14-32 hair cells that were arranged in the sensory epithelium with the axis of best sensitivity aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the neuromast. Hair cell polarization was rostro-caudal in most superficial neuromasts on trunk scales (with the exception of those on the lateral line scales), or on the tail fin. On lateral line scales, the most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso-ventral in 45% and rostro-caudal in 20% of the superficial neuromasts. On individual trunk scales, superficial neuromasts were organized in rows which in most scales showed similar orientations with angle deviations smaller than 45 degrees . In about 16% of all trunk scales, groups of superficial neuromasts in the dorsal and ventral half of the scale were oriented orthogonal to each other. On the head, most superficial neuromasts were arranged in rows or groups of similar orientation with angle deviations smaller than 45 degrees . Neighboring groups of superficial neuromasts could differ with respect to their orientation. The most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso-ventral in front of the eyes and on the ventral mandible and rostro-caudal below the eye and on the operculum. 相似文献
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Gerrit Isenberg Victor Kazanski Denis Kondratev Maria Fiora Gallitelli Irina Kiseleva Andre Kamkin 《Progress in biophysics and molecular biology》2003,82(1-3):43
Mechano-electrical feedback was studied in the single ventricular myocytes. A small fraction (approximately 10%) of the cell surface could be stretched or compressed by a glass stylus. Stretch depolarised, shortened the action potential and induced extra systoles. Stretch activated non-selective cation currents (Ins) showed a linear voltage dependence, a reversal potential of 0 mV, a pure cation selectivity, and were blocked by 8 μM Gd3+ or 30 μM streptomycin. Stretch reduced Ca2+ and K+ (IK) currents. Local compression of broadwise attached cells activated IK but not Ins. Cytochalasin D or colchicin, thought to disrupt the cytoskeleton, suppressed the mechanosensitivity of Ins and IK. During stretch, the cytosolic sodium concentration increased with spatial heterogeneities, local hotspots with [Na+]c>24 mM appeared close to surface membrane and t-tubules (pseudoratiometric imaging using Sodium Green fluorescence). Electronprobe microanalysis confirmed this result and indicated that stretch increased total sodium [Na] in cell compartments such as mitochondria, nuclear envelope and nucleus. Our results obtained by local stretch differ from those obtained by end-to-end stretch (literature). We speculate that channels may be activated not only by axial but also by shear stress, and, that stretch can activate channels outside the deformed sarcomeres via second messenger. 相似文献
13.
E. É. Kolesnikova 《Neurophysiology》2004,36(4):293-309
In this review, modern concepts on molecular mechanisms underlying reception of the oxygen level in natural O2-sensory structures and cellular in vitro models are considered and discussed.Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol.36, No.4, pp.330–347, July–August, 2004. 相似文献
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Frank Kalter 《Ethnic and racial studies》2018,41(3):500-508
This contribution compares some major findings of “Spanish Legacies” to findings from the CILS4EU study that has been conducted in four other European countries. Despite the differences in the immigration history and the composition of the immigrant youth, basic results of psychosocial adaptation are surprisingly similar for England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. This confirms the mostly optimistic picture of the future of the second generation in Europe as drawn for Spain. In a sense, the similarities suggest that the role of the receiving context might be less important than is expected in overarching theoretical frameworks such as “segmented assimilation”. Some aspects of integration that are not covered in “Spanish Legacies” could raise more doubts on the smoothness of the adaptation processes for some immigrants groups. 相似文献
16.
Michael Voigt Fabio Chelli Carlo Frigo 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1998,78(6):522-532
Changes in the excitability of the human triceps surae muscle short latency stretch reflexes were investigated in six male
subjects before and after 4 weeks of progressive two-legged hopping training. During the measurements the subjects performed
2-Hz hopping with: preferred contact time (PCT) and short contact time. The following reflex parameters were examined before
and after the training period: the soleus muscle (SOL) Hoffmann-reflex (H-reflex) at rest and during hopping, the short latency
electromyogram (EMG) components of the movement induced stretch reflex (MSR) in SOL and medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG),
and the EMG amplitude of the SOL and MG tendon reflexes (T-reflexes) elicited at rest. The main results can be summarized
as follows: the SOL T-reflex had increased by about 28% (P < 0.05) after training while the MG T-reflex was unchanged; the SOL MSR (always evident) and the MG MSR (when observable)
did not change in amplitude with training, and before training the SOL H-reflex in both hopping situations was significantly
depressed to about 40% of the reference value at standing rest (P < 0.05). After training the H-reflex during PCT hopping was no longer depressed. As the value of the measured mechanical
parameters (the total work rate, joint angular velocity and the ankle joint work rate) was unchanged after training in both
hopping situations, the reflex changes observed could not be ascribed to changes in the movement pattern. To explain the observed
changes, hypotheses of changes in the excitability of the stretch reflex caused by the training were taken into consideration
and discussed.
Accepted: 22 May 1998 相似文献
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vasculopathy characterized by sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressures in which the pulmonary vasculature undergoes significant structural and functional remodeling. To better understand disease mechanisms, in this review article we highlight recent insights into the regulation of pulmonary arterial cells by mechanical cues associated with PAH. Specifically, the mechanobiology of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs) has been investigated in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Increased pulmonary arterial pressure increases vessel wall stress and strain and endothelial fluid shear stress. These mechanical cues promote vasoconstriction and fibrosis that contribute further to hypertension and alter the mechanical milieu and regulation of pulmonary arterial cells. 相似文献
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