人—人杂交瘤:分泌抗链球菌溶血素O单克隆抗体细胞株的建立

用人骨髓瘤细胞株和人脾脏细胞在PEG促进下进行人—人杂交,育选出能分泌抗链球菌溶血素O单克隆抗体杂交瘤S_1—19和S_1—22两株,共传了50多代,历时五个月,单克隆抗体分泌稳定,抗体为IgG型,杂交瘤染色体为68—76条而亲代细胞株仅为43条,证实杂交瘤是成功的。     

Pore-forming toxins activate MAPK p38 by causing loss of cellular potassium

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 has emerged as a survival protein in cells that are attacked by bacterial toxins forming small membrane pores. Activation of p38 by pore forming toxins (PFT) has been attributed to osmotic stress, but here we show that loss of K⁺ is likely to be the critical parameter. Several lines of evidence support this conclusion: First, osmoprotection did not prevent p38-phosphorylation in α-toxin-loaded cells. Second, treatment of cells with a K⁺ ionophore, or simple incubation in K⁺-free medium sufficed to cause robust p38-phosphorylation. Third, media containing high [K⁺] prevented p38-activation by Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC), Streptolysin O (SLO), or Escherichia coli hemolysin (HlyA), but did not impair activation by H₂O₂. Fourth, potential roles of LPS, TLR4, or calcium-influx were ruled out. Therefore, we propose that PFT trigger the p38 MAPK-pathway by causing loss of cellular K⁺.     

A sensitive, simple assay of mitochondrial ATP synthesis of cultured mammalian cells suitable for high-throughput analysis

A new assay has been developed to measure mitochondrial ATP synthesis of cultured mammalian cells. Cells in a microplate are exposed to streptolysin O to make plasma membranes permeable without damaging mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis is monitored by luciferase. Addition of inhibitors of F_oF₁-ATP synthase (F_oF₁), respiratory chain, TCA cycle and ATP/ADP translocator, as well as knockdown of β-subunit of F_oF₁, resulted in loss of ATP synthesis. Compared with the conventional procedures that need mitochondria fractionation and detergent, this assay is simple, sensitive and suitable for high-throughput analysis of genes and drugs that could affect mitochondrial functional integrity as represented by ATP synthesis activity.     

Differential interaction of the two cholesterol-dependent, membrane-damaging toxins, streptolysin O and Vibrio cholerae cytolysin, with enantiomeric cholesterol

Membrane cholesterol is essential to the activity of at least two structurally unrelated families of bacterial pore-forming toxins, represented by streptolysin O (SLO) and Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC), respectively. Here, we report that SLO and VCC differ sharply in their interaction with liposome membranes containing enantiomeric cholesterol (ent-cholesterol). VCC had very low activity with ent-cholesterol, which is in line with a stereospecific mode of interaction of this toxin with cholesterol. In contrast, SLO was only slightly less active with ent-cholesterol than with cholesterol, suggesting a rather limited degree of structural specificity in the toxin-cholesterol interaction.     

分泌人源性抗链球菌溶血素O单克隆抗体人—人杂交瘤细胞株的建立

自从淋巴细胞杂交瘤1975年创立以来（Kohler et al.,1975）越来越显示其优越性,（Sikora et al.,1982）,从其发展看来,前景广阔,针对恶性肿瘤,白血病和组织移植等提出了崭新的疗法。由于鼠源性单克隆抗体在临床应用上往往引起过敏反应和形成免疫复合物的危险性,激励着科学家们去开拓人—人杂交瘤,尽管前进的道路上还存在着许多困难,但人们还是不屈不挠地前进。目前,世界上共有三个人—人杂交瘤系统。（1）0lsson和Kaplan等培育的SKO—007人骨髓瘤细胞系统。（2）Croce等培育的GM 1500细胞系统。（3）Clark等的RPMI8226细胞系统。并且都进行了人—人杂交瘤的研究,但是多数杂交瘤阳性率低和分泌抗体量少。国内北京、上海、西安和昆明等都正在开展本项研究。我们从1984年8月,开始人单抗的研究,也碰到许多困难,深深体会到建立一个具有我国特色的人—人杂交瘤系统是十分重要的,现将我们的工作简要报告如下。     

Resistance to streptolysin O in mammalian cells treated with oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol cholesterol content of resistant cells and recovery of streptolysin O sensitivity

Cultures of L cells and HeLa cells were made resistant to the cytolytic toxin, streptolysin O, by incubating them in the presence of 20α-hydroxycholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol. Such cells were also found to be more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of saponin and digitonin, agents known to interact with membrane cholesterol. Sterol synthesis in L cells that had been treated with either of the oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol was reduced by almost 90%, and the free cholesterol content of streptolysin O-resistant HeLa and L cells fell to approx. 50% of control cell levels. Significant recovery of sensitivity to streptolysin O occurred in about 6 h when refractory L cells were incubated in serum or cholesterol. Partial recovery was observed when the cultures were incubated for 24 h in mevalonate or lipid-depleted serum. The results provide further support for the role of membrane cholesterol in the cytotoxic action of streptolysin O on mammalian cells.